Docker数据管理

docker 数据管理

1、挂载本地的目录到容器里

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -itd -v /data/:/data/ --name centos centos bash
4d5b368379e7733b7ec20c026c1d480698f8dea4fb2d0c9ebfa1c8b5ac9d5936
### -v 用来指定挂载目录，  :  前面的/data/为宿主机本地目录，： 后面的为容器里的目录，会在容器中自动创建。
--name 指定容器的名字，不指定的话会随机一个，如下文的 NAMES
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                    NAMES
4d5b368379e7        centos              "bash"                   35 seconds ago      Up 33 seconds                                centos
be56cb15e2c7        registry:latest     "/entrypoint.sh /etc…"   4 hours ago         Up 4 hours          0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp   registry

2、挂载数据卷
就是把另一个容器挂载的刚刚创建的挂载本地目录的容器上。就是新建一个容器，并且使用上一个容器的数据卷。

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -itd --volumes-from centos centos bash
eebbb27a182e88e5a428ca4818889c2bba4275ab9900d9cc1340457d44f60837

查询容器详情信息

[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect eebbb27a182e
[{"Id": "eebbb27a182e88e5a428ca4818889c2bba4275ab9900d9cc1340457d44f60837","Created": "2020-11-06T21:37:51.662626023Z","Path": "bash","Args": [],"State": {"Status": "running","Running": true,"Paused": false,"Restarting": false,"OOMKilled": false,"Dead": false,"Pid": 35115,"ExitCode": 0,"Error": "","StartedAt": "2020-11-06T21:37:52.20839083Z","FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"},"Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55","ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/eebbb27a182e88e5a428ca4818889c2bba4275ab9900d9cc1340457d44f60837/resolv.conf","HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/eebbb27a182e88e5a428ca4818889c2bba4275ab9900d9cc1340457d44f60837/hostname","HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/eebbb27a182e88e5a428ca4818889c2bba4275ab9900d9cc1340457d44f60837/hosts","LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/eebbb27a182e88e5a428ca4818889c2bba4275ab9900d9cc1340457d44f60837/eebbb27a182e88e5a428ca4818889c2bba4275ab9900d9cc1340457d44f60837-json.log","Name": "/upbeat_wescoff","RestartCount": 0,"Driver": "devicemapper","Platform": "linux","MountLabel": "","ProcessLabel": "","AppArmorProfile": "","ExecIDs": null,"HostConfig": {"Binds": null,"ContainerIDFile": "","LogConfig": {"Type": "json-file","Config": {}},"NetworkMode": "default","PortBindings": {},"RestartPolicy": {"Name": "no","MaximumRetryCount": 0},"AutoRemove": false,"VolumeDriver": "","VolumesFrom": ["centos"],"CapAdd": null,"CapDrop": null,"Dns": [],"DnsOptions": [],"DnsSearch": [],"ExtraHosts": null,"GroupAdd": null,"IpcMode": "shareable","Cgroup": "","Links": null,"OomScoreAdj": 0,"PidMode": "","Privileged": false,"PublishAllPorts": false,"ReadonlyRootfs": false,"SecurityOpt": null,"UTSMode": "","UsernsMode": "","ShmSize": 67108864,"Runtime": "runc","ConsoleSize": [0,0],"Isolation": "","CpuShares": 0,"Memory": 0,"NanoCpus": 0,"CgroupParent": "","BlkioWeight": 0,"BlkioWeightDevice": [],"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,"CpuPeriod": 0,"CpuQuota": 0,"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,"CpusetCpus": "","CpusetMems": "","Devices": [],"DeviceCgroupRules": null,"DiskQuota": 0,"KernelMemory": 0,"MemoryReservation": 0,"MemorySwap": 0,"MemorySwappiness": null,"OomKillDisable": false,"PidsLimit": 0,"Ulimits": null,"CpuCount": 0,"CpuPercent": 0,"IOMaximumIOps": 0,"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,"MaskedPaths": ["/proc/asound","/proc/acpi","/proc/kcore","/proc/keys","/proc/latency_stats","/proc/timer_list","/proc/timer_stats","/proc/sched_debug","/proc/scsi","/sys/firmware"],"ReadonlyPaths": ["/proc/bus","/proc/fs","/proc/irq","/proc/sys","/proc/sysrq-trigger"]},"GraphDriver": {"Data": {"DeviceId": "32","DeviceName": "docker-253:0-3666754-ec37fcd1a0f096b63ba7eef5f3e7441763b1ef3ab6815a9f37988b0df0f45d81","DeviceSize": "10737418240"},"Name": "devicemapper"},**"Mounts": [{"Type": "bind","Source": "/data","Destination": "/data","Mode": "","RW": true,"Propagation": "rprivate"**} ],"Config": {"Hostname": "eebbb27a182e","Domainname": "","User": "","AttachStdin": false,"AttachStdout": false,"AttachStderr": false,"Tty": true,"OpenStdin": true,"StdinOnce": false,"Env": ["PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"],"Cmd": ["bash"],"Image": "centos","Volumes": null,"WorkingDir": "","Entrypoint": null,"OnBuild": null,"Labels": {"org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204","org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2","org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image","org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0","org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"}},"NetworkSettings": {"Bridge": "","SandboxID": "26d9a8c1c014106f9ef4935a15d528524d30bb6bc236caecb74d9d8a1d32f187","HairpinMode": false,"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "","LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"Ports": {},"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/26d9a8c1c014","SecondaryIPAddresses": null,"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,"EndpointID": "11b4bbba08def7e06da0ce42db315acfd1f33332b6ab0222ab01eb7092116c13","Gateway": "172.17.0.1","GlobalIPv6Address": "","GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"IPAddress": "172.17.0.4","IPPrefixLen": 16,"IPv6Gateway": "","MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:04","Networks": {"bridge": {"IPAMConfig": null,"Links": null,"Aliases": null,"NetworkID": "793e77d072ed2f4d8eefcc5927d10669247c16bb706a6de8807e7eccfa224998","EndpointID": "11b4bbba08def7e06da0ce42db315acfd1f33332b6ab0222ab01eb7092116c13","Gateway": "172.17.0.1","IPAddress": "172.17.0.4","IPPrefixLen": 16,"IPv6Gateway": "","GlobalIPv6Address": "","GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:04","DriverOpts": null}}}}
]

[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect -f{{.Mounts}} eebbb27a182e
[{bind  /data /data   true rprivate}]

2、定义数据卷容器

需要多个容器之间共享数据，就要搭建一个专门的数据卷容器，然后其他容器直接挂载该数据卷
方法一、
首先创建一个数据卷容器，再把其他容器挂载该数据卷

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -itd -v /data/ --name testvol centos bash
5f083acc9671a7943c6bc8397a9f04910ce147b8acf6a65f5a3df7e06ae901ae
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -itd --volumes-from testvol centos bash
306c3a4f7f5bb78136fe887cb23b0c1406f11a1eaa75d73c37d07f10166026fd

可以查看一下

[root@localhost ~]# docker volume ls
DRIVER              VOLUME NAME
local               8eef3696a7200b4b12147531b2eaccecfaac09c83fc7728ef301d3b0ff606f04
local               020bc38f1d7b23a9980b15f3d71c987e259e3485f68626e3db62fabd88dac53a

方法二、
首先，创建一个数据卷，再挂载rongqi

[root@localhost ~]# docker volume create aaa
aaa
[root@localhost ~]# docker volume ls
DRIVER              VOLUME NAME
local               8eef3696a7200b4b12147531b2eaccecfaac09c83fc7728ef301d3b0ff606f04
local               020bc38f1d7b23a9980b15f3d71c987e259e3485f68626e3db62fabd88dac53a
local               aaa
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -itd -v aaa:/data --name aaa centos bash
ad720ce49c8034340034ded3feacfb48830e40528b06c868f48e344ef1032d29
[root@localhost ~]# docker volume ls
DRIVER              VOLUME NAME
local               8eef3696a7200b4b12147531b2eaccecfaac09c83fc7728ef301d3b0ff606f04
local               020bc38f1d7b23a9980b15f3d71c987e259e3485f68626e3db62fabd88dac53a
local               aaa

3、数据卷的备份

首先，创建一个共享目录，
然后，把这个目录挂载到容器里，并且这个容器使用之前创建的数据卷容器，再不进入容器执行压缩命令。
最后，查看一下挂载的目录，有压缩包
（就是说，在容器里/backup目录压缩的包，备份到了宿主机里的/data/backup目录里）

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /data/backup
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --volumes-from testvol -v /data/backup/:/backup centos tar cvf /backup/data.tar /data
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
/data/
[root@localhost ~]# ll /data/backup
total 12
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 10240 Nov  7 06:32 data.tar

4、数据卷的恢复

首先，一定要重新新建一个数据卷容器
然后，在新建一个新的容器并挂载该数据卷容器，再把tar包解压

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -itd -v /data/ --name testvol2 centos bash
56e7803f89546f12c370721a15d770311c62bbe88723db526ccf16a74838f5c7
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --volumes-from testvol2 -v /data/backup/:/backup centos tar xf /backup/data.tar

最后补充

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