一、软件硬件说明

软件：STM32CubeMX V6.6.1 /KEIL5 V5.29

硬件：STM32F429ZET6

原理图：

芯片引脚：

二、FMC简介

三、SDRAM简介

SDRAM信号线说明：

存储单元

四、STM32CubeMX配置

1. RCC配置

1. SYS配置

1. USART1配置，参数默认，方便输出调试信息

1. FMC配置，SDRAM驱动接口，参数配置如下

正点原子配置参数如下：

查看《W9825G6KH》数据手册，即可看到对应的参数：

1. 时钟配置

1. 工程配置

1. 生成代码

五、代码介绍

sdram.c

/*** @file sdram.c* @brief  SDRAM 的底层驱动(W9825G6KH-6 32M字节容量)* *//* 包含头文件 ----------------------------------------------------------*/  #include "sdram.h"
#include "fmc.h"/*
*********************************************************************************************************
*    函 数 名: SDRAM_Send_Cmd
*    功能说明: 向SDRAM发送命令
*    形    参: hsdram : SDRAM_HandleTypeDef 结构体
*              bankx ：0,向BANK5上面的SDRAM发送指令 ； 1,向BANK6上面的SDRAM发送指令
*              cmd ：指令(0,正常模式/1,时钟配置使能/2,预充电所有存储区/3,自动刷新/4,加载模式寄存器/5,自刷新/6,掉电)
*             refresh:自刷新次数
*             regval:模式寄存器的定义
*    返 回 值: 0,正常;1,失败.
*********************************************************************************************************
*/
uint8_t SDRAM_Send_Cmd(SDRAM_HandleTypeDef *hsdram,uint8_t bankx,uint8_t cmd,uint8_t refresh,uint16_t regval)
{uint32_t target_bank=0;FMC_SDRAM_CommandTypeDef Command;if(bankx==1) target_bank=FMC_SDRAM_CMD_TARGET_BANK1;       else if(bankx==2) target_bank=FMC_SDRAM_CMD_TARGET_BANK2;   Command.CommandMode=cmd;                //命令Command.CommandTarget=target_bank;      //目标SDRAM存储区域Command.AutoRefreshNumber=refresh;      //自刷新次数Command.ModeRegisterDefinition=regval;  //要写入模式寄存器的值if(HAL_SDRAM_SendCommand(hsdram,&Command,0X1000)==HAL_OK) //向SDRAM发送命令{return 0;  }else return 1;
}/*
*********************************************************************************************************
*    函 数 名: SDRAM_Init
*    功能说明: 发送SDRAM初始化序列
*    形    参: hsdram : SDRAM_HandleTypeDef 结构体
*    返 回 值: 无
*    备    注: 刷新频率计数器(以SDCLK频率计数),计算方法: COUNT=SDRAM刷新周期/行数-20=SDRAM刷新周期(us)*SDCLK频率(Mhz)/行数
*            我们使用的SDRAM刷新周期为64ms,SDCLK=168/2=84Mhz,行数为8192(2^13).    所以,COUNT=64*1000*84/8192-20=636
*********************************************************************************************************
*/
void SDRAM_Init(SDRAM_HandleTypeDef *hsdram)
{uint32_t temp=0;//SDRAM控制器初始化完成以后还需要按照如下顺序初始化SDRAMSDRAM_Send_Cmd(hsdram,1,FMC_SDRAM_CMD_CLK_ENABLE,1,0); //时钟配置使能      HAL_Delay(1);                                  //至少延时200usSDRAM_Send_Cmd(hsdram,1,FMC_SDRAM_CMD_PALL,1,0);       //对所有存储区预充电   SDRAM_Send_Cmd(hsdram,1,FMC_SDRAM_CMD_AUTOREFRESH_MODE,8,0);//设置自刷新次数   //配置模式寄存器,SDRAM的bit0~bit2为指定突发访问的长度，//bit3为指定突发访问的类型，bit4~bit6为CAS值，bit7和bit8为运行模式//bit9为指定的写突发模式，bit10和bit11位保留位temp=(uint32_t)SDRAM_MODEREG_BURST_LENGTH_1          |    //设置突发长度:1(可以是1/2/4/8)SDRAM_MODEREG_BURST_TYPE_SEQUENTIAL   |    //设置突发类型:连续(可以是连续/交错)SDRAM_MODEREG_CAS_LATENCY_3           |    //设置CAS值:3(可以是2/3)SDRAM_MODEREG_OPERATING_MODE_STANDARD |   //设置操作模式:0,标准模式SDRAM_MODEREG_WRITEBURST_MODE_SINGLE;     //设置突发写模式:1,单点访问SDRAM_Send_Cmd(hsdram,1,FMC_SDRAM_CMD_LOAD_MODE,1,temp);   //设置SDRAM的模式寄存器    HAL_SDRAM_ProgramRefreshRate(hsdram,636);//设置刷新频率
}/*
*********************************************************************************************************
*    函 数 名: FMC_SDRAM_WriteBuffer
*    功能说明: 在指定地址(WriteAddr+Bank5_SDRAM_ADDR)开始,连续写入n个字节.
*    形    参: pBuffer:字节指针
*             WriteAddr:要写入的地址
*             n:要写入的字节数
*    返 回 值: 无
*********************************************************************************************************
*/
void FMC_SDRAM_WriteBuffer(uint8_t *pBuffer,uint32_t WriteAddr,uint32_t n)
{for(;n!=0;n--){*(__IO uint8_t *)(Bank5_SDRAM_ADDR+WriteAddr)=*pBuffer;WriteAddr++;pBuffer++;}
}/*
*********************************************************************************************************
*    函 数 名: FMC_SDRAM_ReadBuffer
*    功能说明: 在指定地址((ReadAddr+Bank5_SDRAM_ADDR))开始,连续读出n个字节.
*    形    参: pBuffer:字节指针
*             WriteAddr:要读出的起始地址
*             n:要读出的字节数
*    返 回 值: 无
*********************************************************************************************************
*/
void FMC_SDRAM_ReadBuffer(uint8_t *pBuffer,uint32_t ReadAddr,uint32_t n)
{for(;n!=0;n--){*pBuffer++=*(__IO uint8_t *)(Bank5_SDRAM_ADDR+ReadAddr);ReadAddr++;}
}

sdram.h

#ifndef _SDRAM_H
#define _SDRAM_H#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif/* 包含头文件 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/#include "main.h"/* 宏定义 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/#define EXT_SDRAM_ADDR      ((uint32_t)0xC0000000)
#define EXT_SDRAM_SIZE        (32 * 1024 * 1024)#define Bank5_SDRAM_ADDR    ((uint32_t)(0XC0000000)) //SDRAM开始地址//SDRAM配置参数
#define SDRAM_MODEREG_BURST_LENGTH_1             ((uint16_t)0x0000)
#define SDRAM_MODEREG_BURST_LENGTH_2             ((uint16_t)0x0001)
#define SDRAM_MODEREG_BURST_LENGTH_4             ((uint16_t)0x0002)
#define SDRAM_MODEREG_BURST_LENGTH_8             ((uint16_t)0x0004)
#define SDRAM_MODEREG_BURST_TYPE_SEQUENTIAL      ((uint16_t)0x0000)
#define SDRAM_MODEREG_BURST_TYPE_INTERLEAVED     ((uint16_t)0x0008)
#define SDRAM_MODEREG_CAS_LATENCY_2              ((uint16_t)0x0020)
#define SDRAM_MODEREG_CAS_LATENCY_3              ((uint16_t)0x0030)
#define SDRAM_MODEREG_OPERATING_MODE_STANDARD    ((uint16_t)0x0000)
#define SDRAM_MODEREG_WRITEBURST_MODE_PROGRAMMED ((uint16_t)0x0000)
#define SDRAM_MODEREG_WRITEBURST_MODE_SINGLE     ((uint16_t)0x0200)/* 类型定义 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*//* 扩展变量 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*//* 函数声明 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/void FMC_SDRAM_WriteBuffer(uint8_t *pBuffer,uint32_t WriteAddr,uint32_t n);void FMC_SDRAM_ReadBuffer(uint8_t *pBuffer,uint32_t ReadAddr,uint32_t n);void SDRAM_Init(SDRAM_HandleTypeDef *hsdram);#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif#endif/******************* (C) COPYRIGHT 2021-2030  **********************************************END OF FILE***************************/

usart.c

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file    usart.c* @brief   This file provides code for the configuration*          of the USART instances.******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2022 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "usart.h"/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
#include "stdio.h"
/* USER CODE END 0 */UART_HandleTypeDef huart1;/* USART1 init function */void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 0 *//* USER CODE END USART1_Init 0 *//* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 1 *//* USER CODE END USART1_Init 1 */huart1.Instance = USART1;huart1.Init.BaudRate = 115200;huart1.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;huart1.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;huart1.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;huart1.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;huart1.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;huart1.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;if (HAL_UART_Init(&huart1) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 2 *//* USER CODE END USART1_Init 2 */}void HAL_UART_MspInit(UART_HandleTypeDef* uartHandle)
{GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};if(uartHandle->Instance==USART1){/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspInit 0 *//* USER CODE END USART1_MspInit 0 *//* USART1 clock enable */__HAL_RCC_USART1_CLK_ENABLE();__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();/**USART1 GPIO ConfigurationPA9     ------> USART1_TXPA10     ------> USART1_RX*/GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_9|GPIO_PIN_10;GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_VERY_HIGH;GPIO_InitStruct.Alternate = GPIO_AF7_USART1;HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspInit 1 *//* USER CODE END USART1_MspInit 1 */}
}void HAL_UART_MspDeInit(UART_HandleTypeDef* uartHandle)
{if(uartHandle->Instance==USART1){/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspDeInit 0 *//* USER CODE END USART1_MspDeInit 0 *//* Peripheral clock disable */__HAL_RCC_USART1_CLK_DISABLE();/**USART1 GPIO ConfigurationPA9     ------> USART1_TXPA10     ------> USART1_RX*/HAL_GPIO_DeInit(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_9|GPIO_PIN_10);/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspDeInit 1 *//* USER CODE END USART1_MspDeInit 1 */}
}/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
//加入以下代码,支持printf函数,而不需要选择use MicroLIB#pragma import(__use_no_semihosting)
struct __FILE
{int handle;
};
FILE __stdout;
//定义_sys_exit()以避免使用半主机模式
void _sys_exit(int x)
{x = x;
}
//重定义fputc函数
int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
{while((USART1->SR&0X40)==0);//循环发送,直到发送完毕USART1->DR = (int) ch;return ch;
}/* USER CODE END 1 */

main.c

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file           : main.c* @brief          : Main program body******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2022 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"
#include "fmc.h"/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "sdram.h"
#include "stdio.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes *//* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD *//* USER CODE END PTD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM *//* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
uint8_t writebuf[8]  __attribute__((at(EXT_SDRAM_ADDR)));//将数组定义在外部SDRAM中
uint8_t writebuf1[8] = {0x11,0x22,0x33,0x44,0x55,0x66,0x5a,0xa5};
uint8_t readbuf[8];
uint8_t readbuf1[8];
uint8_t i = 0;
/* USER CODE END PV *//* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP *//* USER CODE END PFP *//* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 *//* USER CODE END 0 *//*** @brief  The application entry point.* @retval int*/
int main(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 *//* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*//* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */HAL_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN Init *//* USER CODE END Init *//* Configure the system clock */SystemClock_Config();/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit *//* USER CODE END SysInit *//* Initialize all configured peripherals */MX_GPIO_Init();MX_FMC_Init();MX_USART1_UART_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */printf("SDRAM Test\r\n");SDRAM_Init(&hsdram1);
//    for(i = 0;i<8;i++)
//    {
//        writebuf[i] = 0x5a;
//    }
//
//    FMC_SDRAM_ReadBuffer(readbuf,0,8);FMC_SDRAM_WriteBuffer(writebuf1,0,8);HAL_Delay(100);FMC_SDRAM_ReadBuffer(readbuf1,0,8);for(i=0;i<8;i++){printf("%#x ",readbuf1[i]);}/* USER CODE END 2 *//* Infinite loop *//* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */while (1){/* USER CODE END WHILE *//* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */}/* USER CODE END 3 */
}/*** @brief System Clock Configuration* @retval None*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};/** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage*/__HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();__HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.*/RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSI;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = 8;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 168;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = 4;if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks*/RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV4;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_5) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}
}/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 *//* USER CODE END 4 *//*** @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.* @retval None*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug *//* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */__disable_irq();while (1){}/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/*** @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number*         where the assert_param error has occurred.* @param  file: pointer to the source file name* @param  line: assert_param error line source number* @retval None*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 *//* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) *//* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

六、程序运行结果

两种验证方式：

第一种，直接将数组定义在外部SDRAM中，初始化时给数组赋值，然后读取SDRAM里面的数据

    printf("SDRAM Test\r\n");SDRAM_Init(&hsdram1);for(i = 0;i<8;i++){writebuf[i] = 0x5a;}FMC_SDRAM_ReadBuffer(readbuf,0,8);

串口调试助手截图;

程序DEBUG截图：

第二种验证方式，初始化时先写入数据到SDRAM，然后再读出数据，进行比对

/*第二种验证方式*/FMC_SDRAM_WriteBuffer(writebuf1,0,8);HAL_Delay(100);FMC_SDRAM_ReadBuffer(readbuf1,0,8);for(i=0;i<8;i++){printf("%#x ",readbuf1[i]);}

串口调试助手截图：

程序DEBUG截图：

至此，SDRAM测试成功。

七、工程链接

百度网盘链接：

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1BvXDRRaWepTVMPznlEXFXw

提取码：93fx