NVIDIA无法连接：NVIDIA-SMI has failed because it couldn‘t communicate with the NVIDIA driver

2024-05-08 14:24:44

前言

在使用Ubuntu服务器的时候，有时会碰到GPU无法使用的情况，即当输入指令‘nvidia-smi’显示NVIDIA-SMI has failed because it couldn’t communicate with the NVIDIA driver
情况有二：

第一种：显卡驱动型号自动改变

有时候显卡驱动自动切换到开源的显卡驱动“Nouveau”上，导致NVIDIA显卡驱动失效，把驱动调回第一个驱动即可解决问题。（这里没想通这里的驱动为啥会自动切换，也许跟内核自动更新有关）

第二种：内核更新导致原显卡驱动不可用

这里许多博主说用安装DKMS的方式解决，但是对我无效。遂采用降低内核版本并禁用内核更新的方式解决。
修改系统引导文件：sudo gedit /etc/default/grub
更改内容如下：
GRUB_TIMEOUT=10
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=“text”
# grub_timeout_style=hidden（以#号注释该语句）
更新使生效：sudo update-grub
重启后系统引导多了一个选择界面，分别是：
*ubuntu
*ubuntu的高级选项
选择最老的内核版本并启动，此时输入nvidia-smi正常

但是为了以绝后患，接下来关闭自动更新和自动升级内核：

在terminal输入 uname -a查看当前内核版本，博主的是5.11.0-40-generic
输入指令
sudo apt-mark hold linux-headers-5.11.0-40-generic
sudo apt-mark hold linux-image-5.11.0-40-generic
sudo apt-mark hold linux-modules-5.11.0-40-generic
sudo apt-mark hold linux-modules-extra-5.11.0-40-generic
sudo apt-mark hold linux-modules-nvidia-470-5.11.0-40-generic
查看启动项grep menuentry /boot/grub/grub.cfg
并编辑启动项
sudo gedit /etc/default/grub
设置默认启动项，更改GRUB_DEFAULT=0为 GRUB_DEFAULT="Advanced options for Ubuntu>Ubuntu，Linux 5.11.0-40-generic"
(如果是中文则为**“Ubuntu 高级选项>Ubuntu，Linux 5.11.0-40-generic”**)

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