guava 工具类及代码

原文地址：http://blog.csdn.net/ac_dao_di/article/details/53750028

github : https://github.com/google/guava

Maven:

<dependency><groupId>com.google.guava</groupId><artifactId>guava</artifactId><version>24.0-jre</version><!-- or, for Android: --><version>24.0-android</version>
</dependency>

jar :

https://github.com/google/guava/releases/tag/v24.0

一、概述

Guava是对Java API的补充，对Java开发中常用功能进行更优雅的实现，使得编码更加轻松，代码容易理解。Guava使用了多种设计模式，同时经过了很多测试，得到了越来越多开发团队的青睐。Java最新版本的API采纳了Guava的部分功能，但依旧无法替代。本文以Getting Started With Google Guava原文为学习材料，对Guava中常用的API进行学习，尽量覆盖比较有用的API，包括字符串处理，集合类处理，文件IO处理等。

二、字符串连接器Joiner

2.1 连接多个字符串并追加到StringBuilder

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StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder("hello");
// 字符串连接器，以|为分隔符，同时去掉null元素
Joiner joiner1 = Joiner.on("|").skipNulls();
// 构成一个字符串foo|bar|baz并添加到stringBuilder
stringBuilder = joiner1.appendTo(stringBuilder, "foo", "bar", null, "baz");
System.out.println(stringBuilder); // hellofoo|bar|baz

2.2 连接List元素并写到文件流

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FileWriter fileWriter = null;
try{
fileWriter = new FileWriter(new File("/home/gzx/Documents/tmp.txt"));
}
catch(Exception e){
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
List<Date> dateList = new ArrayList<Date>();
dateList.add(new Date());
dateList.add(null);
dateList.add(new Date());
// 构造连接器：如果有null元素，替换为no string
Joiner joiner2 = Joiner.on("#").useForNull("no string");
try{
// 将list的元素的tostring()写到fileWriter，是否覆盖取决于fileWriter的打开方式，默认是覆盖，若有true，则是追加
joiner2.appendTo(fileWriter, dateList);
// 必须添加close()，否则不会写文件
fileWriter.close();
}
catch(IOException e){
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}

最后tmp.txt的内容为：

Tue Dec 20 16:51:09 CST 2016#no string#Tue Dec 20 16:51:09 CST 2016

2.3 将Map转化为字符串

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Map<String, String> testMap = Maps.newLinkedHashMap();
testMap.put("Cookies", "12332");
testMap.put("Content-Length", "30000");
testMap.put("Date", "2016.12.16");
testMap.put("Mime", "text/html");
// 用:分割键值对，并用#分割每个元素，返回字符串
String returnedString = Joiner.on("#").withKeyValueSeparator(":").join(testMap);
System.out.println(returnedString); // Cookies:12332#Content-Length:30000#Date:2016.12.16#Mime:text/html

三、字符串分割器Splitter

3.1 将字符串分割为Iterable

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// 分割符为|，并去掉得到元素的前后空白
Splitter sp = Splitter.on("|").trimResults();
String str = "hello | world | your | Name ";
Iterable<String> ss = sp.split(str);
for(String it : ss){
System.out.println(it);
}

结果为：

hello
world
your
Name

3.2 将字符串转化为Map

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// 内部类的引用，得到分割器，将字符串解析为map
Splitter.MapSplitter ms = Splitter.on("#").withKeyValueSeparator(':');
Map<String, String> ret = ms.split(returnedString);
for(String it2 : ret.keySet()){
System.out.println(it2 + " -> " + ret.get(it2));
}

结果为：

Cookies -> 12332
Content-Length -> 30000
Date -> 2016.12.16
Mime -> text/html

四、字符串工具类Strings

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System.out.println(Strings.isNullOrEmpty("")); // true
System.out.println(Strings.isNullOrEmpty(null)); // true
System.out.println(Strings.isNullOrEmpty("hello")); // false
// 将null转化为""
System.out.println(Strings.nullToEmpty(null)); // ""
// 从尾部不断补充T只到总共8个字符，如果源字符串已经达到或操作，则原样返回。类似的有padStart
System.out.println(Strings.padEnd("hello", 8, 'T')); // helloTTT

五、字符匹配器CharMatcher

5.1 空白一一替换

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// 空白回车换行对应换成一个#，一对一换
String stringWithLinebreaks = "hello world\r\r\ryou are here\n\ntake it\t\t\teasy";
String s6 = CharMatcher.BREAKING_WHITESPACE.replaceFrom(stringWithLinebreaks,'#');
System.out.println(s6); // hello#world###you#are#here##take#it###easy

5.2 连续空白缩成一个字符

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// 将所有连在一起的空白回车换行字符换成一个#，倒塌
String tabString = " hello \n\t\tworld you\r\nare here ";
String tabRet = CharMatcher.WHITESPACE.collapseFrom(tabString, '#');
System.out.println(tabRet); // #hello#world#you#are#here#

5.3 去掉前后空白和缩成一个字符

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// 在前面的基础上去掉字符串的前后空白，并将空白换成一个#
String trimRet = CharMatcher.WHITESPACE.trimAndCollapseFrom(tabString, '#');
System.out.println(trimRet);// hello#world#you#are#here

5.4 保留数字

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String letterAndNumber = "1234abcdABCD56789";
// 保留数字
String number = CharMatcher.JAVA_DIGIT.retainFrom(letterAndNumber);
System.out.println(number);// 123456789

六、断言工具类Preconditions

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// 检查是否为null，null将抛出异常IllegalArgumentException，且第二个参数为错误消息。
trimRet = null;
//Preconditions.checkNotNull(trimRet, "label can not be null");
int data = 10;
Preconditions.checkArgument(data < 100, "data must be less than 100");

七、对象工具类 Objects

7.1 Objects的toStringHelper和hashCode方法

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// Book用Objects的相关方法简化toString(),hashCode()的实现。
// 用ComparisonChain简化compareTo()(Comparable接口)方法的实现。
Book book1 = new Book();
book1.setAuthor("Tom");
book1.setTitle("Children King");
book1.setIsbn("11341332443");
System.out.println(book1);
System.out.println(book1.hashCode());
Book book2 = new Book();
book2.setAuthor("Amy");
book2.setTitle("Children King");
book2.setIsbn("111");
System.out.println(book2);
System.out.println(book2.hashCode());
System.out.println(book1.compareTo(book2));

结果为：

Book{author=Tom, title=Children King, isbn=11341332443, price=0.0}
268414056
Book{author=Amy, title=Children King, isbn=111, price=0.0}
-1726402621
1

7.2 Objects的firstNonNull方法

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// 如果第一个为空，则返回第二个，同时为null，将抛出NullPointerException异常
String someString = null;
String value = Objects.firstNonNull(someString, "default value");
System.out.println(value); // deafult value

Book.java

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class Book implements Comparable<Book>{
private String author;
private String title;
private String publisher;
private String isbn;
private double price;
public String getAuthor() {
return author;
}
public void setAuthor(String author) {
this.author = author;
}
public String getTitle() {
return title;
}
public void setTitle(String title) {
this.title = title;
}
public String getPublisher() {
return publisher;
}
public void setPublisher(String publisher) {
this.publisher = publisher;
}
public String getIsbn() {
return isbn;
}
public void setIsbn(String isbn) {
this.isbn = isbn;
}
public double getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(double price) {
this.price = price;
}
// 定义第一二关键字
@Override
public int compareTo(Book o) {
return ComparisonChain.start().compare(this.title, o.title).compare(this.isbn, o.isbn).result();
}
public String toString(){
return Objects.toStringHelper(this).omitNullValues().add("author", author).add("title", title)
.add("publisher", publisher).add("isbn", isbn).add("price", price).toString();
}
public int hashCode(){
return Objects.hashCode(author, title, publisher, isbn, price);
}
}

八、整体迭代接口FluentIterable

8.1 使用Predicate整体过滤

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Person person1 = new Person("Wilma", 30, "F");
Person person2 = new Person("Fred", 32, "M");
Person person3 = new Person("Betty", 32, "F");
Person person4 = new Person("Barney", 33, "M");
List<Person> personList = Lists.newArrayList(person1, person2, person3, person4);
// 过滤年龄大于等于32的person
Iterable<Person> personsFilteredByAge =
FluentIterable.from(personList).filter(new Predicate<Person>() {
@Override
public boolean apply(Person input) {
return input.getAge() > 31;
}
});
// Iterable有一个iterator方法，集合类都有一个Iterator方法
for(Iterator<Person> it = personsFilteredByAge.iterator(); it.hasNext();){
System.out.println(it.next());
}
System.out.println(Iterables.contains(personsFilteredByAge, person2));

结果为：

Person{name='Fred', sex='M', age=32}
Person{name='Betty', sex='F', age=32}
Person{name='Barney', sex='M', age=33}
true

8.2 使用Function整体替换，将List<Person>转化为List<String>

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// 将List<Person> 转化为 List<String>，数据源为personList。整体迭代。
List<String> transformPersonList = FluentIterable.from(personList).transform(
new Function<Person, String>(){
@Override
public String apply(Person person) {
// 不定参数，返回String类型
return Joiner.on("#").join(person.getName(), person.getSex(), person.getAge());
}
}
).toList();
for(int i = 0; i < transformPersonList.size(); i++){
System.out.println(transformPersonList.get(i));
}

结果为：

Wilma#F#30
Fred#M#32
Betty#F#32
Barney#M#33

Person.java

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class Person{
private String name;
private String sex;
private int age;
public Person(String name, int age, String sex){
this.name = name;
this.sex = sex;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", sex='" + sex + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}

九、集合运算工具类Sets

9.1 集合差

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// s1 - s2
Set<String> s1 = Sets.newHashSet("1", "2", "3", "4");
Set<String> s2 = Sets.newHashSet("2", "3", "4", "5");
// 得到第一个集合中有而第二个集合没有的字符串
Sets.SetView res = Sets.difference(s1, s2);
for(Iterator<String> it = res.iterator(); it.hasNext();){
System.out.println(it.next()); // 1
}

9.2 集合对称差

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Sets.SetView res2 = Sets.symmetricDifference(s1, s2);
for(Object it14 : res2){
System.out.println(it14); // 1 5
}

9.3 集合交

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// s1和s2的交集
Sets.SetView<String> res3 = Sets.intersection(s1, s2);
for(String it14 : res3){
System.out.println(it14); // 2 3 4
}

9.4 集合并

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// 合并s1和s2
Sets.SetView<String> res4 = Sets.union(s1, s2);
for(String it14 : res4){
System.out.println(it14); // 1 2 3 4 5
}

十、Function和Predicate

10.1 利用Functions将Map转化为Function

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Map<String, Person> mp = Maps.newHashMap();
mp.put(person1.getName(), person1);
mp.put(person2.getName(), person2);
mp.put(person3.getName(), person3);
mp.put(person4.getName(), person4);
// 将map转化为Function，Function的功能是将一个类型转化为另一个类型
Function<String, Person> lookup = Functions.forMap(mp);
// 如果键值不存在，则会抛出异常。lookup内部已经有元素
Person tmp = lookup.apply("Betty");
System.out.println(tmp == person3); // true

10.2 Predicate单个判断

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Predicate<Person> agePre = new Predicate<Person>(){
@Override
public boolean apply(Person person) {
return person.getAge() < 32;
}
};
Predicate<Person> namePre = new Predicate<Person>(){
@Override
public boolean apply(Person person) {
return person.getName().equals("Betty");
}
};
// 判断是否符合条件
System.out.println(agePre.apply(person2)); // false
System.out.println(agePre.apply(person3)); // false
System.out.println(namePre.apply(person2)); // false
System.out.println(namePre.apply(person3)); // true

10.3 Predicates的and运算

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// 利用Predicates工具类，同时满足两个条件成一个predicate
Predicate<Person> both = Predicates.and(agePre, namePre);
System.out.println(both.apply(person1)); // false
System.out.println(both.apply(person3)); // false

10.4 Predicates的or运算

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// 至少一个满足组成一个Predicate
Predicate<Person> orPre = Predicates.or(agePre, namePre);
System.out.println(orPre.apply(person2)); // false

10.5 Predicates的compose运算

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// 通过键name获得值Person，然后检查Person的age < 32，即agepre.apply(lookup.apply(name)) == true?
// lookup内部已经有集合
Predicate<String> two = Predicates.compose(agePre, lookup);
System.out.println(two.apply("Wilma")); // true

十一、 Map工具类Maps

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// 将List<Person> 转化为Map<String, Person>，其中键值对是person.name -> Person
Map<String, Person> myMp = Maps.uniqueIndex(personList.iterator(), new Function<Person, String>(){
// name作为person的键
@Override
public String apply(Person person) {
return person.getName();
}
});
for(String name : myMp.keySet()){
System.out.println(myMp.get(name));
}

结果为：

Person{name='Wilma', sex='F', age=30}
Person{name='Fred', sex='M', age=32}
Person{name='Betty', sex='F', age=32}
Person{name='Barney', sex='M', age=33}

十二、一键多值类Multimap

12.1 数组存储多值类ArrayListMultimap

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// 用ArrayList保存，一键多值，值不会被覆盖
ArrayListMultimap<String, String> multimap = ArrayListMultimap.create();
multimap.put("foo", "1");
multimap.put("foo", "2");
multimap.put("foo", "3");
multimap.put("bar", "a");
multimap.put("bar", "a");
multimap.put("bar", "b");
for(String it20 : multimap.keySet()){
// 返回类型List<String>
System.out.println(it20 + " : " + multimap.get(it20));
}
// 返回所有ArrayList的元素个数的和
System.out.println(multimap.size());

结果为：

bar : [a, a, b]
foo : [1, 2, 3]
6

12.2 HashTable存储多值类 HashMultimap

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//这里采用HashTable保存
HashMultimap<String, String> hashMultimap = HashMultimap.create();
hashMultimap.put("foo", "1");
hashMultimap.put("foo", "2");
hashMultimap.put("foo", "3");
// 重复的键值对值保留一个
hashMultimap.put("bar", "a");
hashMultimap.put("bar", "a");
hashMultimap.put("bar", "b");
for(String it20 : hashMultimap.keySet()){
// 返回类型List<String>
System.out.println(it20 + " : " + hashMultimap.get(it20));
}
// 5
System.out.println(hashMultimap.size());

结果为：

bar : [a, b]
foo : [1, 2, 3]
5

十三、多键类Table

13.1 两个键操作

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// 两个键row key和column key，其实就是map中map, map<Integer, map<Integer, String> > mp
HashBasedTable<Integer, Integer, String> table = HashBasedTable.create();
table.put(1, 1, "book");
table.put(1, 2, "turkey");
table.put(2, 2, "apple");
System.out.println(table.get(1, 1)); // book
System.out.println(table.contains(2, 3)); // false
System.out.println(table.containsRow(2)); // true
table.remove(2, 2);
System.out.println(table.get(2, 2)); // null

13.2 获取一个Map

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// 获取单独的一个map
Map<Integer, String> row = table.row(1);
Map<Integer, String> column = table.column(2);
System.out.println(row.get(1)); // book
System.out.println(column.get(1)); // turkey

十四、可以通过value获取key的HashBiMap

14.1 value不可以有相同的key

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BiMap<String, String> biMap = HashBiMap.create();
// value可以作为Key，即value不可以有多个对应的值
biMap.put("hello", "world");
biMap.put("123", "tell");
biMap.put("123", "none"); // 覆盖tell
// biMap.put("abc", "world"); 失败
// 下面是强制替换第一对
biMap.forcePut("abc", "world");
System.out.println(biMap.size()); // 2
System.out.println(biMap.get("hello"));// null
System.out.println(biMap.get("abc")); // world
System.out.println(biMap.get("123")); // none

14.2 键值对互换得到新的BiMap

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// 键值对互换
BiMap<String, String> inverseMap = biMap.inverse();
System.out.println(inverseMap.get("world")); // abc
System.out.println(inverseMap.get("tell")); // null
System.out.println(inverseMap.get(null)); // null

十五、不可变集合类ImmutableListMultimap

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// 不可变的集合，都有一个Builder内部类。不可以修改和添加
Multimap<Integer, String> map = new ImmutableListMultimap.Builder<Integer, String>().put(1, "hello")
.putAll(2, "abc", "log", "in").putAll(3, "get", "up").build();
System.out.println(map.get(2)); // [abc, log, in]

十六、区间工具类Range

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// 闭区间
Range<Integer> closedRange = Range.closed(30, 33);
System.out.println(closedRange.contains(30)); // true
System.out.println(closedRange.contains(33)); // true
// 开区间
Range<Integer> openRange = Range.open(30, 33);
System.out.println(openRange.contains(30)); // false
System.out.println(openRange.contains(33)); // false
Function<Person, Integer> ageFunction = new Function<Person, Integer>(){
@Override
public Integer apply(Person person) {
return person.getAge();
}
};
// Range实现了Predicate接口，这里的第一个参数是Predicate，第二个参数是Function
// ageFunction必须返回整数
Predicate<Person> agePredicate = Predicates.compose(closedRange, ageFunction);
System.out.println(agePredicate.apply(person1)); // person1.age == 30 true

十七、比较器工具类 Ordering

17.1 逆置比较器

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// 自定义比较器，嵌入式的比较器，匿名类。注意这里有两个person参数，与Comparable的区别
Comparator<Person> ageCmp = new Comparator<Person>(){
// Ints是Guava提供的，递增
@Override
public int compare(Person o1, Person o2) {
return Ints.compare(o1.getAge(), o2.getAge());
}
};
List<Person> list = Lists.newArrayList(person1, person2, person3, person4);
// 将比较器转化为Ordering，得到比较器ageCmp的相反比较器，递减
Collections.sort(list, Ordering.from(ageCmp).reverse());
for(Iterator<Person> iter = list.iterator(); iter.hasNext(); ){
System.out.println(iter.next());

结果为：

Person{name='Barney', sex='M', age=33}
Person{name='Fred', sex='M', age=32}
Person{name='Betty', sex='F', age=32}
Person{name='Wilma', sex='F', age=30}

17.2 组合多个比较器

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// 按照名字排序
Comparator<Person> nameCmp = new Comparator<Person>(){
@Override // 两个对象，而Comparable是this和一个对象
public int compare(Person o1, Person o2) {
return o1.getName().compareTo(o2.getName());
}
};
// 组合两个比较器，得到第一二排序关键字
// 年龄相同时按照名字排序
Ordering order = Ordering.from(ageCmp).compound(nameCmp);
Collections.sort(list, order);
for(Iterator<Person> iter = list.iterator(); iter.hasNext(); ){
System.out.println(iter.next());
}

结果为：

Person{name='Wilma', sex='F', age=30}
Person{name='Betty', sex='F', age=32}
Person{name='Fred', sex='M', age=32}
Person{name='Barney', sex='M', age=33}

17.3 直接获取最小几个和最大几个

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Ordering order2 = Ordering.from(nameCmp);
// 最小的两个，无序
System.out.println("least 2...");
List<Person> least = order2.leastOf(personList, 2);
for(int i = 0; i < 2; i++){
System.out.println(least.get(i));
}
// 最大的三个，无序
System.out.println("greatest 3....");
List<Person> great = order2.greatestOf(personList, 3);
for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++){
System.out.println(great.get(i));
}

结果为:

least 2...
Person{name='Barney', sex='M', age=33}
Person{name='Betty', sex='F', age=32}
greatest 3....
Person{name='Wilma', sex='F', age=30}
Person{name='Fred', sex='M', age=32}
Person{name='Betty', sex='F', age=32}

十八、文件工具类Files

18.1 复制移动重命名文件

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// 文件操作：复制，移动，重命名
File originFile = new File("/home/gzx/Documents/Program/Java/abc.java");
File copyFile = new File("/home/gzx/Documents/test.java");
File mvFile = new File("/home/gzx/Documents/abc.java");
try {
Files.copy(originFile, copyFile);
Files.move(copyFile, mvFile); // 重命名
}
catch(IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}

18.2 获取文件哈希码

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try {
// File,HashFunction
HashCode hashCode = Files.hash(originFile, Hashing.md5());
System.out.println(originFile.getName() + " : " + hashCode);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

结果为：abc.java : 66721c8573de09bd17bafac125e63e98

18.3 读取文件流，将文件行转化为List

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// 读文件流
int lineNumber = 1;
try {
// 读出所有的行到list中，去掉\n
List<String> list2 = Files.readLines(mvFile, Charsets.UTF_8);
for(Iterator<String> it = list2.iterator(); it.hasNext();){
System.out.println("line " + lineNumber + ":" + it.next());
lineNumber++;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

结果为:

line 1:public class test{
line 2: static String str;
line 3: public static void main(String[] args){
line 4:
line 5: System.out.println(str);
line 6: }
line 7:}

18.4 将文件行进行处理，再得到List

[java] view plain copy

// LineProcessor处理每一行，得到返回值
/*
内容：
Linux命令行大全,人民邮电出版社
Linux内核完全注释,机械工业出版社
Linux命令行和shell脚本编程大全,人民邮电出版社
*/
File bookFile = new File("/home/gzx/Documents/book.txt");
try {
// 只取书名
List<String> list3 = Files.readLines(bookFile, Charsets.UTF_8, new TitleLineProcessor());
for(Iterator<String> it = list3.iterator(); it.hasNext();){
System.out.println(it.next());
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

结果为:

Linux命令行大全
Linux内核完全注释
Linux命令行和shell脚本编程大全

18.5 写文件流

[java] view plain copy

// 写文件流
File writeFile = new File("/home/gzx/Documents/write.txt");
try {
// 不必打开或关闭文件流，会自动写盘
Files.write("hello world!", writeFile, Charsets.UTF_8); // 重新写
Files.append("你的名字", writeFile, Charsets.UTF_8); // 追加
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

write.txt的内容为

hello world!你的名字

TitleLineProcessor.java

[java] view plain copy

class TitleLineProcessor implements LineProcessor<List<String>>{
private final static int INDEX = 0;
private final static Splitter splitter = Splitter.on(",");
private List<String> titles = new ArrayList<String>();
// 每一行都会调用这个函数，进而追加成一个list
@Override
public boolean processLine(String s) throws IOException {
// 获取第一项，并追加到titles
titles.add(Iterables.get(splitter.split(s), INDEX));
return true;
}
// 最终的结果
@Override
public List<String> getResult() {
return titles;
}
}

十九、读输入字节流ByteSource和写输出字节流ByteSink

[java] view plain copy

// source是源的意思，封装输入流
ByteSource byteSource = Files.asByteSource(writeFile);
try {
byte[] contents1 = byteSource.read();
byte[] contents2 = Files.toByteArray(writeFile); // 两个方法的作用相同
for(int i = 0; i < contents1.length; i++){
assert(contents1[i] == contents2[i]);
System.out.print(contents1[i] + " ");
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// sink是目的地的意思，封装输出流，流会自动关闭
File tmpFile = new File("/home/gzx/Documents/hello.txt"); // acd
ByteSink byteSink = Files.asByteSink(tmpFile);
try {
byteSink.write(new byte[]{'a', 'c', 'd', '\n'});
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

二十、编码工具类BaseEncoding

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File pdfFile = new File("/home/gzx/Documents/google.pdf");
BaseEncoding baseEncoding = BaseEncoding.base64();
try {
byte[] content = Files.toByteArray(pdfFile);
String encoded = baseEncoding.encode(content); // 将不可打印的字符串转化为可以打印的字符串A-Za-z0-9/+=，pdf不是纯文本文件
System.out.println("encoded:\n" + encoded);
System.out.println(Pattern.matches("[A-Za-z0-9/+=]+", encoded));
// 获得对应的加密字符串，可以解密，可逆的，得到原来的字节
byte[] decoded = baseEncoding.decode(encoded);
for(int i = 0; i < content.length; i++){
assert(content[i] == decoded[i]);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

二十一、提醒处理null的类Optional

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Optional<Person> optional = Optional.fromNullable(person1); // 允许参数为null
System.out.println(optional.isPresent()); // true
System.out.println(optional.get() == person1); // 如果是person1 == null，get将抛出IllegalStateException, true
Optional<Person> optional2 = Optional.of(person1); // 不允许参数为null。如果person1 == null, 将抛出NullPointerException
System.out.println(optional2.isPresent()); // true