基于Matlab的光学衍射实验仿真

摘 要

光学试验中衍射实验是非常重要的实验. 光的衍射是指光在传播过程中遇到障碍物时能够绕过障碍物的边缘前进的现象, 光的衍射现象为光的波动说提供了有力的证据. 衍射系统一般有光源、衍射屏和接受屏组成, 按照它们相互距离的大小可将衍射分为两大类, 一类是衍射屏与光源和接受屏的距离都是无穷远时的衍射, 称为夫琅禾费衍射, 一类是衍射屏与光源或接受屏的距离为有限远时的衍射称为菲涅尔衍射。

本文用Matlab软件对典型的衍射现象建立了数学模型，对衍射光强分布进行了编程运算，对衍射实验进行了仿真。最后创建了交互式GUI界面，用户可以通过改变输入参数模拟不同条件下的衍射条纹。

本文对于衍射概念、区别、原理及光强分布编程做了详细全面的介绍

关键字：Matlab；衍射；仿真;GUI界面;光学实验

Matlab-based Simulation of Optical Diffraction Experiment

Abstract

Optical diffraction experiment is a very important experiment. is the diffraction of light propagation of light in the obstacles encountered in the process to bypass the obstacles when the forward edge of the phenomenon of light diffraction phenomenon of the wave theory of light provides a strong Evidence. diffraction systems generally have light, diffraction screen and accept the screen composition, size according to their distance from each other diffraction can be divided into two categories, one is the diffraction screen and the light source and the receiving screen is infinity when the distance between the diffraction Known as Fraunhofer diffraction, one is diffraction screen and the light source or accept a limited away from the screen when the diffraction is called Fresnel diffraction.

In this paper, Matlab software on a typical phenomenon of a mathematical model of diffraction, the diffraction intensity distribution of the programming operation, the diffraction experiment is simulated. Finally, create an interactive GUI interface, users can change the input parameters to simulate different conditions of the diffraction pattern.

This concept of the diffraction, difference, intensity distribution of programming principles and a detailed comprehensive description

Key word: matlab；diffraction; simulation; gui interface; optical experiment

目 录

1 绪论1

1.1光学仿真的研究意义1

1.2 国内外研究现状2

1.3 Matlab仿真的优越性2

1.4 仿真的主要内容2

2 衍射3

2.1光的衍射现象3

2.1.1衍射定义3

2.1.2光的衍射现象3

2.2惠更斯——费涅耳原理6

2