原型制作是什么意思

This post is originally from www.jaredwolff.com

这篇文章最初来自www.jaredwolff.com

There’s something that always goes wrong with a first revision circuit board design. No matter how long you spend imagining how a circuit will work, it will bork in the most unexpected ways.

初版电路板设计总会出问题。 无论您花多长时间想象电路如何工作，它都会以最出乎意料的方式陷入困境。

In the case of my latest project, I overlooked a critical pice of circuitry. My revelation? Turns out you can’t reliably shunt 375mW of power into a 100mW resistor. ? Unfortunately, as you guessed it, this would require rework.

在我的最新项目中 ，我忽略了电路的关键要素。 我的启示？ 事实证明，您无法将375mW的功率可靠地分流到100mW的电阻器中。 ？ 不幸的是，正如您所猜到的，这将需要重做。

So, in my quest to make the right prototyping solution, I thought: “Why not share the things going through my head right now”

因此，在寻求正确的原型解决方案时，我想：“为什么现在不分享通过我的脑海的事情”

And thus, this blog post was born. ?

这样，这篇博客文章就诞生了。 ？

(无焊料)面包板 (The (Solder-less) Breadboard)

When you are time constrained the solder-less breadboard is a go-to. This type of electronic prototyping is painless but there are some drawbacks. Most notably, it does not play well with analog optimization. I’ll get into that a little later in this post.

当您时间有限时，无焊面包板是您的首选。 这种类型的电子原型制作很轻松，但是有一些缺点。 最值得注意的是，它在模拟优化中不能很好地发挥作用。 我将在这篇文章的后面再讨论。

I recently assembled an indoor air quality PM2.5 sensor and interfaced it with a Particle Argon. I assembled it using wire wrap. but it was a complete disaster. In comparison, the solder-less breadboard kept things organized and good looking to boot.

我最近组装了一个室内空气质量PM2.5传感器，并将其与粒子氩气接口。 我用绕线器组装了它。 但这是一场彻底的灾难。 相比之下，无焊料面包板可以使事情井井有条，启动起来也很美观。

Electrical engineers come to love (or hate) bread boards early in their educational pursuits. For some it can be an outlet to get creative and make beautiful layouts. Many first year computer engineering students take pride in their breadboard designs. So much so that their breadboards looked as if assembled by a robot.

电气工程师在他们的教育追求初期就爱上(或讨厌)面包板。 对于某些人来说，这可能是获得创造力和制作精美布局的出路。 许多一年级计算机工程专业的学生以面包板设计为荣。 如此之多，以至于它们的面包板看上去就像是由机器人组装的。

These days though, I don’t wire together huge digital logic circuits like in college. I do use solder-less breadboards though to make solid connections to development modules. As you can see int the above picture, I’ve used 3 separate boards which are all available across the web. Connecting them together took approximately 10 minutes as most. It took me approximately 15 minutes to assemble the wire wrap version.

但是，如今，我不像大学那样将庞大的数字逻辑电路连接在一起。 我确实使用无焊面包板来牢固连接开发模块。 您可以从上图中看到，我使用了3个单独的板，这些板在网络上都可用。 将它们连接在一起最多大约需要10分钟。 我花了大约15分钟的时间来组装绕线版本。

面包板？ (The Breadboard ?)

Sometimes a solder-less breadboard is great but it isn’t meant for every situation. What if you need something to be reliable? What if you’re working with high voltages? If you’re looking for more but don’t want to jump to making your own PCB, this is your next stop.

有时，无焊料面包板很棒，但这并不适合所有情况。 如果您需要可靠的东西怎么办？ 如果您在高压下工作怎么办？ 如果您正在寻找更多的东西，但又不想跳板制造自己的PCB，那么这就是您的下一站。

Creating a solderable breadboard is not too dissimilar to a solder-less version. It took me about 20 minutes to assemble the circuit in the picture below.

创建可焊接面包板与无焊料版本并不太相似。 下图组装了大约20分钟的电路。

The breadboard above is the replacement zero-cross circuit mentioned earlier. Considering I was working with line voltage I was very cautious about the assembly.

上面的面包板是前面提到的替代零交叉电路。 考虑到我使用线电压，我对组装非常谨慎。

So after triple checking my work. I plugged it in and you know what?

因此，在三重检查我的工作之后。 我插入了电源，您知道吗？

It worked like a charm.

它像魅力一样运作。

Breadboards take some time to plan but when you get them right, they’re as good as a normal circuit board.

面包板需要花费一些时间进行计划，但是当您正确选择它们时，它们与普通电路板一样好。

Furthermore, you don’t always have to solder every single connection together. I created this JTAG level shifter board about a year ago. That way I could run my circuit boards in ranges from 1.8V to 5V and have it work with the standard 3.3V programmer.

此外，您不必总是将每个连接焊接在一起。 大约一年前，我创建了这个JTAG电平转换器板。 这样，我可以在1.8V至5V的范围内运行电路板，并使其与标准3.3V编程器一起使用。

In this case, I used solder and wire wrap. connections. For future projects I plan on using the JTAG level shifter board I designed not too long ago. It’s 1/5 the size and as functional as the one above.

在这种情况下，我使用了焊料和绕丝 。 连接。 对于将来的项目，我计划使用不久前设计的JTAG电平转换器板。 它的大小为1/5，功能与上述功能相同。

超越面包板 (Going Beyond The Breadboard)

I am definitely not afraid of assembling my own circuit boards. There’s a time and a place for that. There are still some things you can do before ever having to open up your schematic capture program.

我绝对不怕组装自己的电路板 。 有时间和地点。 在必须打开原理图捕获程序之前，您仍然可以做一些事情。

Always consider the use of circuits and development platforms that already exist!

始终考虑使用已经存在的电路和开发平台！

Being smart about your design process pays dividends to your future self. It helps you focus on the sticky problems rather than the trivial distraction. If you are in need of a pre-designed circuit board Sparkfun and Adafruit are great resources. They’ve already created the breakout boards for ICs that interest most makers.

对您的设计过程精明能为未来的自己带来好处。 它可以帮助您专注于粘性问题，而不是琐碎的干扰。 如果您需要预先设计的电路板，Sparkfun和Adafruit是不错的资源。 他们已经为大多数制造商所感兴趣的IC创建了分线板。

To put the icing on the cake, in most cases, these circuit boards are diiiiirt cheap.

为了锦上添花，在大多数情况下，这些电路板很便宜。

Companies like TI also make development boards. The board are reasonably priced and usually in stock on Digikey and their web store. Some of my favorite manufacturer development boards include the NRF52DK and the LT3092EDD. I use them both often and for some very good reasons.

TI等公司也制作开发板。 该板价格合理，通常在Digikey及其网上商店有现货。 我最喜欢的制造商开发板包括NRF52DK和LT3092EDD。 由于某些非常好的原因，我经常使用它们。

The LT3092EDD is my go to for regulating current from a variable voltage source. No mater what the input voltage, it will shunt the current anywhere from 0-200mA. You can place several LT3092 in parallel increasing the current capability. I use it for static discharge tests and validation that have a need for constant current sinks.

LT3092EDD是我用来调节来自可变电压源的电流的选择。 无论输入电压如何，它都会在0-200mA范围内分流电流。 您可以并联放置多个LT3092，以提高电流能力。 我将其用于需要恒定电流吸收器的静电放电测试和验证。

As for the NRF52DK, not only can I develop on this board but I can use it as a programmer too. With tons of ways to expand off the board, it’s doesn’t leave my desk very often.

至于NRF52DK，我不仅可以在此板上开发，还可以将其用作程序员。 通过大量扩展方式，它不会经常离开我的办公桌。

But what if there isn’t a development board?

但是，如果没有开发板怎么办？

Sometimes neither type of breadboard is great. This is especially true if you’re prototyping is dependent on the shape and form of the copper on your board. I’d expect if you did breadboard a switching power supply you may get some very unintended operation.

有时，两种面包板都不是很好。 如果原型设计取决于板上铜的形状和形式，则尤其如此。 我希望，如果您使用面包板作为开关电源，则可能会发生一些非常意想不到的操作。

Laying out a power supply circuitry tends to be a bit more complex than say a digital signal. Yes, it will work with a tiny trace connecting two parts, will it work well? Unlikely.

布置电源电路比说数字信号要复杂一些。 是的，它可以与连接两个部分的微小痕迹一起使用，是否可以正常工作？ 不太可能。

Below is a design which allows for current transfer to the inner power layer. As you could imagine, a skinny trace and one via may work. In reality, they’d act more like a resistor high current situations.

下面是一种允许电流传输到内部电源层的设计。 如您所料，一条细细的痕迹和一条通Kong可能会起作用。 实际上，它们的作用更像是电阻器大电流的情况。

Although you may get better connections, you run the risk of higher costs. Plus is much harder to change your circuitry down the road. Things get more complicated when the parts get smaller and the signals pushed inside. It’s not impossible though..

尽管您可能会获得更好的连接，但仍存在较高成本的风险。 Plus很难改变您的电路。 当零件变小并且信号被推入内部时，事情就变得更加复杂。 不过，这并非不可能。

When changes are necessary, my most used tools are wire wrap wire or coil wire and my trusty X-acto knife. You can use the former to make the connections and the later to break connections. This does require a steady hand and patience but it’s possible.

当需要进行更改时，我最常用的工具是缠绕线或线圈线以及值得信赖的X-acto刀。 您可以使用前者建立连接，而使用后者断开连接。 这确实需要稳定的手和耐心，但有可能。

In the picture above, I cut away thermal traces around pads and reconnected to another set of traces. You may have to take my word on this one considering it’s hard to tell from the picture! I did all the work under a microscope to avoid error.

在上图中，我切除了焊盘周围的热迹线，然后重新连接到另一组迹线。 考虑到从图片中很难分辨出这一点，您可能不得不相信我！ 为了避免错误，我在显微镜下进行了所有工作。

你能渡过吗？ (You can du it ?)

There’s a handful of ways to assemble a circuit. It’s all up to you how you want to get it done. I’ve seen some very cool circuit art out there that accomplishes the same thing as a bread board.

有几种组装电路的方法。 如何完成它完全取决于您。 我已经看到一些非常酷的电路艺术 ，可以完成与面包板相同的功能。

If you haven't already noticed, I ended up going with a breadboard design. It was faster to assemble and test versus ordering a whole new circuit board. I will likely spin another board in the future. In the meantime this little breadboard should do fine.

如果您还没有注意到，我最终选择了面包板设计。 与订购整个新电路板相比，组装和测试速度更快。 将来我可能会再选一个董事会。 同时，这个小面包板应该做得很好。

I use all these techniques when it comes to working with my clients. No technique is off the table and it always usually benefits everyone. In reality, a breadboard always evolves into a circuitboard of some kind. It’s good to know though that the circuit will work before turning it into a costly prototype.

与客户合作时，我会使用所有这些技巧。 没有什么技术摆在桌面上，它通常总是使所有人受益。 实际上，面包板总是演变成某种电路板。 很高兴知道在将电路变成昂贵的原型之前该电路可以工作 。

So until next time, when you find yourself with the same quandry remember your options.

因此，直到下一次，当您发现自己具有多种选择时，请记住您的选择。

Have fun!

玩得开心！

Jared

杰瑞德

翻译自: https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/whats-the-best-way-to-prototype-circuits/

原型制作是什么意思