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The Stack Overflow Survey is one of the most comprehensive polls undertaken every year since 2011. Before we discover more, there are …

堆栈溢出调查是自2011年以来每年进行的最全面的民意调查之一。在我们发现更多之前，有……

通常的警告 (The Usual Caveats)

Forty million people visit Stack Overflow every month, and an estimated 42% are professional developers or university students. The survey is detailed and was completed by more than 64,000 respondents (51,392 were usable). It’s an impressive sample size, but be wary about making assumptions when demanding your next pay rise! …

每月有四千万人访问Stack Overflow，估计有42％是专业开发人员或大学生。 这项调查是详尽的，并由64,000多名受访者( 51,392名可用 )完成。 这是一个令人印象深刻的样本量，但是在要求下次加薪时要谨慎做假设！ …

全球结果 (Worldwide results)

Stack Overflow is used worldwide, but will be heavily biased toward western English-speaking countries. Respondent country proportions are generally comparable to Stack Overflow’s user demographic:

堆栈溢出已在全球范围内使用，但将严重偏向西方英语国家。 受访国家/地区的比例通常可以与Stack Overflow的用户人口相提并论：

Almost 75% are of white or European descent. 83% attained university-level qualifications with 74% of those in an IT-related discipline.

几乎75％是白人或欧洲裔 。 83％的人拥有大学水平的学历，其中74％的学科是与IT相关的学科 。

Proportionally few developers came from Africa, Asia and South America. China accounts for 0.5% and Russia is 1.7%.

按比例，很少有开发者来自非洲，亚洲和南美。 中国占0.5％，俄罗斯占1.7％。

开发人员意识 (Developer awareness)

The survey could only be completed by those who use Stack Overflow, were aware of the survey’s existence, understood the questions, and had the time to complete it.

只有使用Stack Overflow，了解调查的存在，理解问题并有时间完成调查的人员才能完成调查。

满意度谱 (The satisfaction spectrum)

Surveys appeal to those at either end of the satisfaction spectrum:

调查对满意度范围两端的人都具有吸引力：

• you’re willing to share your experiences when you’re happy with your job, salary and skill-set当您对工作，薪水和技能感到满意时，您愿意分享您的经验
• you’re willing to complain about your company, remuneration and working conditions when you’re dissatisfied.当您不满意时，您愿意抱怨您的公司，薪酬和工作条件。

The 80%+ of people who think “meh, life could be better but it could be much worse” may be less inclined to comment.

认为“嗯，生活会更好，但生活可能会更糟”的80％以上的人可能不太愿意发表评论。

地区薪资差异 (Regional salary differences)

The survey collates salaries based on US dollar amounts. The US is typically better paid than elsewhere which can skew results. However, salaries are not re-based according to taxation and purchasing power in the country of work. For example, a developer may struggle on $30,000 per year in the US but live comfortably in India.

该调查基于美元金额对薪水进行核对。 美国的薪水通常比其他地区高，这可能会导致结果出现偏差。 但是，工资不会根据工作国的税收和购买力重新确定。 例如，在美国，开发人员每年可能要挣30,000美元，但在印度过上舒适的生活。

过去的调查并不代表未来的趋势 (Past surveys are not indicative of future trends)

The results highlight what developers have been using and their general level of satisfaction. Their opinions will change over time.

结果突出了开发人员一直在使用的内容以及他们的总体满意度。 他们的意见会随着时间而改变。

开发者档案 (Developer Profiles)

Previous surveys asked for occupation titles, which can be a little ambiguous. In 2017, the majority of respondents identified themselves as web developers:

先前的调查要求提供职业头衔，这可能有些含糊。 2017年，大多数受访者将自己确定为Web开发人员 ：

63.7% of web developers claim to have full-stack experience. This seems high, but it’s difficult to avoid switching disciplines …

63.7％的Web开发人员声称具有完整的经验 。 这似乎很高，但是很难避免改变学科……

• a back-end developer will have to write HTML at some point, even if it’s purely for logging purposes后端开发人员将不得不在某个时候编写HTML，即使该HTML仅用于记录目的
• a front-end developer will become involved in back-end work if they’re making Ajax calls or optimizing server performance.如果前端开发人员正在进行Ajax调用或优化服务器性能，则他们将参与后端工作。

Despite this, 24.4% claim to be back-end only and 11.9% were front-end only.

尽管如此，仍有24.4％的人声称是后端，只有11.9％的人是前端。

70.3% are employed full-time and 10.2% are freelance. Only 6.7% of US respondents are freelancers, which is noticeably lower than Canada, the UK and Germany. Almost half work in a software or a web-related sector with fewer than one hundred employees.

全职雇员占70.3％ ，自由职业者占10.2％。 美国只有6.7％的受访者是自由职业者，明显低于加拿大，英国和德国。 几乎一半的 员工 在软件或与Web相关的部门工作， 员工人数不到100 。

Experience levels vary, but almost 92% of respondents had been programming for more than two years and 80% are doing so professionally. 17.2% had been developing code for more than 20 years.

经验水平各不相同，但是将近92％的受访者已经进行了两年以上的编程，而80％ 的受访者 是专业的 。 17.2％的人已经开发了20多年的代码。

Stack Overflow dispels the misconception about developers starting to program during childhood. There is a wide range of experience levels, and you can start at any point in your life, but most developers I know were bitten by the programming bug in their early years.

堆栈溢出消除了关于开发人员在童年时期开始编程的误解。 经验水平范围很广，您可以在生活中的任何时候开始学习，但据我所知，大多数开发人员在早期都被编程错误所困扰。

32% of developers stated formal education had not been important to their career success. 90% considered themselves self taught. I’m surprised it wasn’t higher; you can only learn to program by doing it. Half of us will also cut code in our own time.

32％的开发人员表示，正规教育对他们的职业成功并不重要 。 90％的人认为自己是自学的 。 我感到惊讶的是它并不高。 您只能通过编程来学习编程。 我们一半的人也会在自己的时间内削减代码 。

88.6% of respondents identified themselves as male. Female participation has risen a few points in the US and Europe, but industry diversity remains a concern for 89% of people.

88.6％的受访者认为自己是男性 。 在美国和欧洲，女性参与率上升了几个百分点，但行业多元化仍然是89％的人们关注的问题 。

技术领域 (Technologies)

JavaScript remains the most-used programming language:

JavaScript仍然是最常用的编程语言 ：

JavaScript and SQL dominate because they’re necessary in most web projects. However, only 60% felt the love for JavaScript compared to 73% for Rust.

JavaScript和SQL占主导地位，因为它们在大多数Web项目中都是必需的。 但是， 只有60％的人感到对JavaScript的热爱，而Rust的人只有 73％。

Java and Python remain popular because they’re widely used in education. Python is also the most-wanted language (20.6%).

Java和Python仍然很受欢迎，因为它们已在教育中广泛使用。 Python也是最受欢迎的语言(20.6％)。

PHP seems surprisingly low given its predominance on the web. I would expect it to be above C#, especially when looking at languages for web developers? Perhaps PHP developers need less assistance from Stack Overflow because problems are easier to solve and assistance is ubiquitous?!

鉴于PHP在网络上的优势，PHP似乎令人惊讶地低。 我希望它高于C＃，尤其是在为Web开发人员看语言时？ 也许PHP开发人员不需要太多的Stack Overflow帮助，因为问题更容易解决，而且帮助无处不在？

The most dreaded language is the ancient Visual Basic 6 (88.3%), followed closely by Visual Basic for Applications (88.4%) and VisualBasic.NET (77.2%). Bizarrely, 79.2% of developers dreaded CoffeeScript? It compiles directly to JavaScript, so few developers should be forced to use it.

最可怕的语言是古老的Visual Basic 6(88.3％)，紧随其后的是Visual Basic for Applications(88.4％)和VisualBasic.NET(77.2％)。 奇怪的是，有79.2％的开发人员害怕CoffeeScript？ 它可以直接编译为JavaScript，因此几乎没有开发人员应被迫使用它。

Language interest rises and falls over time. JavaScript, Node.js and Python are the only languages in the top ten on an upward trend. Make of that what you will …

语言的兴趣随着时间的流逝而上升和下降 。 JavaScript，Node.js和Python是上升趋势中前十名中唯一的语言。 因此，您将……

框架，库和运行时 (Frameworks, Libraries and Runtimes)

The top five technologies:

前五项技术 ：

Strangely, there’s no mention of jQuery? Perhaps it wasn’t an option.

奇怪的是，没有提到jQuery吗？ 也许这不是一个选择。

Despite its momentum, React is significantly lower than reported on Ashley Nolan’s recent front-end survey. 66.9% of developers love React and it’s the third-most wanted technology. Yet more developers want Angular?

尽管有势头，React仍远低于Ashley Nolan最近的前端调查报告 。 66.9％的开发人员喜欢React ，它是第三大想要的技术。 还有更多的开发人员想要Angular吗？

资料库 (Databases)

Unsurprisingly, MySQL comes out on top:

毫不奇怪， MySQL名列前茅 ：

The chart is dominated by SQL databases. However, they’re also the most dreaded! Developers seem to prefer NoSQL databases such as Redis, MongoDB and Cassandra, and are eager to gain those skills.

该图表由SQL数据库控制。 但是，它们也是最可怕的 ！ 开发人员似乎更喜欢NoSQL数据库，例如Redis，MongoDB和Cassandra，并渴望获得这些技能。

开发环境 (Development environments)

The top ten web developer code editors:

十大Web开发人员代码编辑器 ：

The popularity of the commercial edition of Visual Studio leads me to conclude there is a relatively large proportion of .NET developers on Stack Overflow. That would also explain why C# is above PHP.

Visual Studio商业版的流行使我得出结论，在Stack Overflow上有相对较大比例的.NET开发人员。 这也可以解释为什么C＃高于PHP。

Congratulations to Don Ho’s Notepad++. The editor is only available on Windows, but many Linux developers run it via Wine.

恭喜Don Ho的Notepad ++ 。 该编辑器仅在Windows上可用，但是许多Linux开发人员通过Wine来运行它。

It’s great we have so many editors to choose from, and many are free or open source. I’ve recently switched to VS Code following a couple of years on Atom, a few months on Sublime Text and a decade of Notepad++ which I still use for quick and dirty editing.

太好了，我们有这么多编辑器可供选择，而且许多都是免费或开源的。 我最近在Atom上工作了两年，在Sublime Text上工作了几个月，在Notepad ++上工作了十年之后，仍然改用VS Code 。

版本控制 (Version control)

The undisputed champion is Git with 69.2% of respondents using it for projects. The once-mighty Subversion has fallen to 9.1%.

无可争议的冠军是Git，有69.2％的受访者将其用于项目。 一度强大的Subversion跌至9.1％。

53% check-in their code several times per day and are happier for doing so. 40% wait until larger or several features have been completed.

53％的人每天检查几次他们的代码 ，对此感到更高兴 。 40％等待完成较大或多项功能。

6% use a manual back-up process, while one in twenty don’t use any version control system or check in just a few times per year. They will learn the hard way!

6％的人使用手动备份过程，而十分之二的人不使用任何版本控制系统或每年仅检查几次。 他们将学习艰难的方法！

开发方法 (Development methodologies)

The days of ‘code until it’s done’ are long gone. The top five development methodologies:

“直到完成代码 ”的日子早已一去不复返了。 排名前五位的开发方法 ：

Around one third of developers want to ship immediately. Another third think it should be optimized first, and the remaining third make their own judgement depending on how well — or how badly — the project fared!

大约三分之一的开发商希望立即发货 。 三分之一的人认为应该首先对其进行优化，而其余的三分之一则要根据项目的进展情况( 或评估的糟糕程度)做出自己的判断！

Of course, all methodologies break down as soon as your boss deems it necessary.

当然，老板认为有必要时，所有方法都将失效。

事业 (Career)

Despite the rise of web recruitment and social networking, a surprising 74% of developers find jobs through traditional methods such as recruiters and colleagues. Human contact remains an important factor.

尽管网络招聘和社交网络的兴起，令人惊讶的是，仍有74％的开发人员通过招聘人员和同事等传统方法找到工作 。 人与人之间的接触仍然是一个重要因素。

The top five job assessment priorities are:

最重要的五个工作评估重点是：

1. opportunities for professional development专业发展的机会
2. the compensation and benefits赔偿和利益
3. the office environment办公环境
4. the technologies技术
5. commuting time.通勤时间。

If you’re looking to employ new developers, the top benefits they prefer are:

如果您希望雇用新的开发人员，那么他们更喜欢的最大好处是：

However, it depends on the country. Lower-paid countries such as Brazil and Mexico put more importance on pay than benefits.

但是，这取决于国家 。 巴西和墨西哥等低薪国家在薪金上比福利更重要。

If you’re looking to land your next job, these are the key skills your fellow developers consider important:

如果您想找到下一份工作，这些是您的开发人员认为重要的关键技能 ：

• communication通讯
• track record of getting things done做好事的记录
• knowledge of algorithms and data structures算法和数据结构知识
• experience with specific technologies具有特定技术的经验
• experience with specific project management tools具有特定项目管理工具的经验

绩效评估 (Performance evaluation)

I hope your company doesn’t rate your effectiveness by the number of hours worked, lines of code or bugs squished. The top five preferred performance metrics:

希望您的公司不要根据工作时间，代码行或错误的数量来评估您的效率。 首选的五个最佳绩效指标 ：

工作满意度 (Job satisfaction)

When asked to rate their job from 0 (not satisfied) to 10 (completely satisfied) almost half gave a rating of eight or more. Levels of satisfaction are lower for those working in finance, retail, wholesale or logistics, but I suspect development ranks well against other industries.

当被要求将他们的工作的评分从0(不满意)提高到10(完全满意)时，几乎一半的人给出8分以上的评分 。 对于从事金融，零售，批发或物流业的人来说，满意的水平较低，但我怀疑发展与其他行业相比排名靠前。

Despite being a happy bunch, only 25% are eager to stay in their current role. 13% are actively looking elsewhere and 59% would consider job hopping and spend up to five hours per week browsing the market. Those involved in machine learning and data analysis are most eager to move on, despite having the highest salaries …

尽管乐于助人，但只有25％的人渴望保持目前的角色 。 13％的人积极寻找其他地方，而59％的人会考虑跳槽， 每周最多花费5个小时浏览市场 。 尽管薪水最高，但那些参与机器学习和数据分析的人员最渴望继续前进 ……

薪水 (Salary)

The biggest bucks are earned by data scientists working in the US, who receive more than $100,000 per year.

在美国工作的数据科学家赚了最大的钱，他们每年获得的收入超过100,000美元 。

It’s difficult to make comparisons because worldwide pay varies considerably. That said, most of us receive a reasonable wage compared to other industries. You can expect an initial salary of $33,000 followed by pay rises of $5,000 for every additional year of experience. Yet, 57% consider themselves to be underpaid.

进行比较比较困难，因为全球薪资差异很大。 也就是说，与其他行业相比，我们大多数人都能得到合理的工资 。 您可以期望初始薪水为$ 33,000，随后每增加一年工作经验加薪$ 5,000 。 但是，有57％的人认为自己的工资水平低 。

The development language has a salary influence, with PHP developers earning around half of what Clojure developers can expect. However, be wary about these comparisons:

开发语言具有薪资影响力 ，PHP开发人员的收入约为Clojure开发人员预期的一半。 但是，请注意以下比较：

• Clojure jobs are rare.Clojure工作很少。

• There are many millions of PHP developers working worldwide, which pushes averages lower. 62% consider themselves underpaid, which is little different to other technologies.

  全球有数以百万计PHP开发人员在工作，这降低了平均水平。 62％的人认为自己支付的少 ，这与其他技术几乎没有什么不同。

远程工作 (Remote working)

More than a third of developers can work remotely from home a few days every month. Almost a fifth can spend at least half their time working remotely, but 32% are permanently tied to their office desk.

每个月有超过三分之一的开发人员可以在家中进行远程工作 。 几乎有五分之一的人可以将至少一半的时间花在远程工作上，但是32％的人永久地固定在办公桌上。

Full-time remote working varies considerably across the world. It’s surprisingly low in countries such as Sweden, Switzerland and the Netherlands, which are often rated as the happiest places to live.

世界各地的全职远程工作差异很大 。 在像瑞典，瑞士和荷兰这样的国家(通常被认为是最幸福的居住地)中，这一比例令人惊讶地低。

If you’re desperate to avoid the commute and code all day in your underwear, move to Russia (22.8%) and become a graphic designer (22.3%).

如果您迫切希望避免整天穿着内衣上下班和编码，请移居俄罗斯(22.8％)并成为图形设计师(22.3％) 。

瞬间杂项 (Momentous Miscellaneous Matters)

Tabs or spaces? 43% use tabs, 38% use spaces. 19% use them interchangeably and don’t care one way or the other. I suppose they have more important matters to worry about?

制表符或空格 ？ 43％使用制表符，38％使用空格。 19％的人可以互换使用它们，而不关心其中一种方法。 我想他们还有更重要的事情要担心吗？

Battles have been fought over the correct pronunciation of ‘GIF’. Only 26% use the creator’s preference of “jiff” with a soft ‘g’. Almost 66% (me included) prefer a hard ‘g’ as in “gift”. Another 6% prefer to spell out “gee-eye-eff”, while 2% use some other weird and wonderful pronunciation. “Jeff”?

一直在为“ GIF”的正确发音而战。 只有26％的人使用创建者的偏好“ jiff”和柔和的“ g”。 几乎66％(包括我在内)的人都喜欢在“礼物”中使用硬“ g”。 另外6％的人更喜欢拼出“ gee-eye-eff”，而2％的人则使用其他奇怪而美妙的发音。 “杰夫”？

60% of developers code to music, while 24% prefer deathly silence. 7% want ambient sounds like whale songs, forest sounds or the screech of a fork on a blackboard.

60％的开发人员将代码编码为音乐 ，而24 ％的开发人员更喜欢致命的沉默。 7％的人希望周围的声音如鲸鱼的歌声，森林的声音或黑板上叉子的尖声。

Almost 54% of developers are happy for others to use a noisy keyboard. I’m going to attach an amplifier to mine.

几乎54％的开发人员对其他人使用嘈杂的键盘感到高兴 。 我要给我的放大器加一个放大器。

It’s worth browsing the Stack Overflow Survey, which provides more detail and is easy to navigate. But please remember: 96.4% of all statistics are wrong.

值得浏览Stack Overflow Survey ，它提供了更多详细信息并且易于浏览。 但请记住：96.4％的统计数据是错误的。

翻译自: https://www.sitepoint.com/key-takeaways-stack-overflow-2017-developer-survey/

2019互联网医疗行业洞察