深入解析Android中View的工作原理

Android中的任何一个布局、任何一个控件其实都是直接或间接继承自View实现的，当然也包括我们在平时开发中所写的各种炫酷的自定义控件了，所以学习View的工作原理对于我们来说显得格外重要，本篇博客，我们将一起深入学习Android中View的工作原理。

ViewRoot和DecorView

1.ViewRoot对应于ViewRootImpl类，是连接WindowManager和DecorView的纽带，View的三大流程均是通过ViewRoot来完成的。在ActivityThread中，当Activity对象被创建完毕后，会将DecorView添加到Window中，同时会创建ViewRootImpl对象，并将ViewRootImpl对象和DecorView建立关联。

2.View的绘制流程从ViewRoot的performTraversals开始，经过measure、layout和draw三个过程才可以把一个View绘制出来，其中measure用来测量View的宽高，layout用来确定View在父容器中的放置位置，而draw则负责将View绘制到屏幕上。

3.performTraversals会依次调用performMeasure、performLayout和performDraw三个方法，这三个方法分别完成顶级View的measure、layout和draw这三大流程。其中performMeasure中会调用measure方法，在measure方法中又会调用onMeasure方法，在onMeasure方法中则会对所有子元素进行measure过程，这样就完成了一次measure过程；子元素会重复父容器的measure过程，如此反复完成了整个View数的遍历。

measure过程决定了View的宽/高，完成后可通过getMeasuredWidth/getMeasureHeight方法来获取View测量后的宽/高。Layout过程决定了View的四个顶点的坐标和实际View的宽高，完成后可通过getTop、getBotton、getLeft和getRight拿到View的四个定点坐标。Draw过程决定了View的显示，完成后View的内容才能呈现到屏幕上。

DecorView作为顶级View，一般情况下它内部包含了一个竖直方向的LinearLayout，里面分为两个部分（具体情况和Android版本和主题有关），上面是标题栏，下面是内容栏。在Activity通过setContextView所设置的布局文件其实就是被加载到内容栏之中的。

//获取内容栏
ViewGroup content = findViewById(R.android.id.content);
//获取我们设置的Viewcontext.getChildAt(0);
DecorView其实是一个FrameLayout，View层的事件都先经过DecorView，然后才传给我们的View。

MeasureSpec

1.MeasureSpec很大程度上决定一个View的尺寸规格，测量过程中，系统会将View的layoutParams根据父容器所施加的规则转换成对应的MeasureSpec，再根据这个measureSpec来测量出View的宽/高。
2.MeasureSpec代表一个32位的int值，高2位为SpecMode，低30位为SpecSize，SpecMode是指测量模式，SpecSize是指在某种测量模式下的规格大小。

MpecMode有三类；
1.UNSPECIFIED 父容器不对View进行任何限制，要多大给多大，一般用于系统内部
2.EXACTLY 父容器检测到View所需要的精确大小，这时候View的最终大小就是SpecSize所指定的值，对应LayoutParams中的match_parent和具体数值这两种模式。
3.AT_MOST 父容器指定了一个可用大小即SpecSize，View的大小不能大于这个值，不同View实现不同，对应LayoutParams中的wrap_content。

当View采用固定宽/高的时候，不管父容器的MeasureSpec的是什么，View的MeasureSpec都是精确模式兵其大小遵循Layoutparams的大小。当View的宽/高是match_parent时，如果他的父容器的模式是精确模式，那View也是精确模式并且大小是父容器的剩余空间；如果父容器是最大模式，那么View也是最大模式并且起大小不会超过父容器的剩余空间。当View的宽/高是wrap_content时，不管父容器的模式是精确还是最大化，View的模式总是最大化并且不能超过父容器的剩余空间。

对于DecorView，它的MeasureSpec由Window的尺寸和其自身的LayoutParams来共同确定，对于普通的View，其MeasureSpec由父容器的MeasureSpec和自身的Layoutparams来共同确定。

对于 DecorView，在ViewRootImpl源码中的measureHierarchy有如下一段代码：

.........
if (baseSize != 0 && desiredWindowWidth > baseSize) {childWidthMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(baseSize, lp.width);childHeightMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(desiredWindowHeight, lp.height);performMeasure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);if (DEBUG_DIALOG) Log.v(TAG, "Window " + mView + ": measured ("+ host.getMeasuredWidth() + "," + host.getMeasuredHeight() + ")");if ((host.getMeasuredWidthAndState()&View.MEASURED_STATE_TOO_SMALL) == 0) {goodMeasure = true;
.........

我们查看一下getRootMeasureSpec方法的源码：

 private static int getRootMeasureSpec(int windowSize, int rootDimension) {int measureSpec;switch (rootDimension) {case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT:// Window can't resize. Force root view to be windowSize.measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);break;case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT:// Window can resize. Set max size for root view.measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.AT_MOST);break;default:// Window wants to be an exact size. Force root view to be that size.measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(rootDimension, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);break;}return measureSpec;}

从上面的代码中就可以很容理解DecorView的MeasureSpec是如何产生的，rootDimension就是DecorView自身的LayoutParams，然后会根据这个值进行判断
LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT：DecorView的MeasureSpec被赋值为精确模式，DecorView的大小就是Window的大小

ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT：DecorView的MeasureSpec被赋值为最大模式，DecorView的大小不定，但是不能超过Window的大小

默认情况：DecorView的MeasureSpec被赋值为精确模式，DecorView的大小为自身LayoutParams设置的值，也就是rootDimension

接着是对于普通的View，也就是布局中的View，它的Measure过程由ViewGroup传递而来，其中有一个方法是measureChildWithMargins

 protected void measureChildWithMargins(View child,int parentWidthMeasureSpec, int widthUsed,int parentHeightMeasureSpec, int heightUsed) {final MarginLayoutParams lp = (MarginLayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin+ widthUsed, lp.width);final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin+ heightUsed, lp.height);child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);}

在对子view进行measure之前会先调用getChildMeasureSpec方法来获取子view的MeasureSpec，从这段代码就可以看出来子view的MeasureSpec的确定与父容器的MeasureSpec（parentWidthMeasureSpec）还有自身的LayoutParams（lp.height和lp.width），还有View自己的Margin和Padding有关

接下来查看getChildMeasureSpec方法源码：

public static int getChildMeasureSpec(int spec, int padding, int childDimension) {int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(spec);int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec);int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding);int resultSize = 0;int resultMode = 0;switch (specMode) {// Parent has imposed an exact size on uscase MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:if (childDimension >= 0) {resultSize = childDimension;resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {// Child wants to be our size. So be it.resultSize = size;resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {// Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be// bigger than us.resultSize = size;resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;}break;// Parent has imposed a maximum size on uscase MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:if (childDimension >= 0) {// Child wants a specific size... so be itresultSize = childDimension;resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {// Child wants to be our size, but our size is not fixed.// Constrain child to not be bigger than us.resultSize = size;resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {// Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be// bigger than us.resultSize = size;resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;}break;// Parent asked to see how big we want to becase MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:if (childDimension >= 0) {// Child wants a specific size... let him have itresultSize = childDimension;resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {// Child wants to be our size... find out how big it should// beresultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {// Child wants to determine its own size.... find out how// big it should beresultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;}break;}return MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultSize, resultMode);}

这里参数中的padding是指父容器的padding，这里是父容器所占用的空间，所以子view能使用的空间要减去这个padding的值。同时这个方法内部其实就是根据父容器的MeasureSpec结合子view的LayoutParams来确定子view的MeasureSpec

View的绘制流程

measure的过程
如果只是一个View，那么通过measure方法就完成了其测量的过程，如果是一个ViewGroup，除了测量自身外，还会调用子孩子的measure方法

1.View的measure过程
View的measure过程由其measure方法完成，其中有下面一段内容

.........
int cacheIndex = (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT) == PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT ? -1 :mMeasureCache.indexOfKey(key);if (cacheIndex < 0 || sIgnoreMeasureCache) {// measure ourselves, this should set the measured dimension flag backonMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT;} else {long value = mMeasureCache.valueAt(cacheIndex);// Casting a long to int drops the high 32 bits, no mask neededsetMeasuredDimensionRaw((int) (value >> 32), (int) value);mPrivateFlags3 |= PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT;}
.........

可以知道View的measure方法内，其实调用了自身的onMeasure方法

protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));
}
//里面有一个getDefaultSize方法
public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) {int result = size;int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);switch (specMode) {case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:result = size;break;case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:result = specSize;break;}return result;}

一般我们只需要看MeasureSpec.AT_MOST和MeasureSpec.EXACTLY两种情况，这两种情况返回的result其实都是measureSpec中取得的specSize，这个specSize就是View测量后的大小，这里之所以是View测量后的大小，是因为View的最终大小是在layout阶段确定的，所以要加已区分，一般情况下View测量大小和最终大小是一样的。

UNSPECIFIED情况下，result的值就是getSuggestedMinimumWidth()方法和getSuggestedMinimumHeight()返回的值，查看这两个方法

protected int getSuggestedMinimumWidth() {return (mBackground == null) ? mMinWidth : max(mMinWidth, mBackground.getMinimumWidth());}protected int getSuggestedMinimumHeight() {return (mBackground == null) ? mMinHeight : max(mMinHeight, mBackground.getMinimumHeight());}

从getSuggestedMinimumWidth代码可以看出，如果View没有设置背景，那么宽度就为mMinWidth，这个值对应android：minWidth这个属性所设定的值，如果View设置了背景，则为max(mMinWidth, mBackground.getMinimumWidth())

 public int getMinimumWidth() {final int intrinsicWidth = getIntrinsicWidth();return intrinsicWidth > 0 ? intrinsicWidth : 0;}

查看mBackground.getMinimumWidth()方法，它其实是Drawable的方法，如果intrinsicHeight也就是原始的宽度不为0，就返回它，如果为0，就返回0。

从View的getDefaultSize方法可以得出结论：View的宽高由specSize决定，如果我们通过继承View来自定义控件需要重写onMeasure方法，并设置WRAP_CONTENT时的大小，否则在布局中使用WRAP_CONTENT相当于使用MATCH_PARENT

原因：因为View在布局中使用WRAP_CONTENT就相当于specMode为AT_MOST，而这种情况下，result = specSize，这个specSize的大小为parentSize, parentSize就是父容器目前可用的大小，也就是父容器当前剩余空间的大小，那这时候和在布局中使用MATCH_PARENT效果是一样的

所以在AT_MOST模式下，我们一般都会给View设定默认的内部宽高，并在WRAP_CONTENT时设置此宽高即可。
可以通过查看TextView、ImageView的源码，可以得知在WRAP_CONTENT下，onMeasure方法均做了特殊的处理，下面是TextView的onMeasure中的一段内容

if (widthMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) {width = Math.min(widthSize, width);}

2.ViewGroup的measure流程
ViewGroup是一个抽象类，它没有重写View的onMeasure方法，而是自己提供了一个measureChildren方法

protected void measureChildren(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {final int size = mChildrenCount;final View[] children = mChildren;for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {final View child = children[i];if ((child.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) != GONE) {measureChild(child, widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);}}}

里面会对子元素进行遍历，然后调用measureChild方法去测量每一个子元素的宽高

protected void measureChild(View child, int parentWidthMeasureSpec,int parentHeightMeasureSpec) {final LayoutParams lp = child.getLayoutParams();final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight, lp.width);final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom, lp.height);child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
}

在对子view进行measure之前会先调用getChildMeasureSpec方法来获取子孩子的MeasureSpec，从这段代码就可以看出来子view的MeasureSpec的确定与父容器的MeasureSpec（parentWidthMeasureSpec和parentHeightMeasureSpec）还有自身的LayoutParams（lp.height和lp.width），还有View自己的Margin和Padding有关，最后就是调用子view的measure方法

ViewGroup并没有去定义测量的具体过程，这是因为ViewGroup是一个抽象类，其onMeasure方法需要各个子类去实现，因为每个ViewGroup的实现类，例如LinearLayout,RelativeLayout等的布局方式都是不同的，所以不可能一概而论的来写onMeasure方法。

接下来分析LinearLayout的onMeasure方法：

protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {if (mOrientation == VERTICAL) {measureVertical(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);} else {measureHorizontal(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);}
}

查看measureVertical方法

// See how tall everyone is. Also remember max width.for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {final View child = getVirtualChildAt(i);if (child == null) {mTotalLength += measureNullChild(i);continue;}if (child.getVisibility() == View.GONE) {i += getChildrenSkipCount(child, i);continue;}if (hasDividerBeforeChildAt(i)) {mTotalLength += mDividerHeight;}LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp = (LinearLayout.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();totalWeight += lp.weight;if (heightMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY && lp.height == 0 && lp.weight > 0) {// Optimization: don't bother measuring children who are going to use// leftover space. These views will get measured again down below if// there is any leftover space.final int totalLength = mTotalLength;mTotalLength = Math.max(totalLength, totalLength + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin);skippedMeasure = true;} else {int oldHeight = Integer.MIN_VALUE;if (lp.height == 0 && lp.weight > 0) {// heightMode is either UNSPECIFIED or AT_MOST, and this// child wanted to stretch to fill available space.// Translate that to WRAP_CONTENT so that it does not end up// with a height of 0oldHeight = 0;lp.height = LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;}// Determine how big this child would like to be. If this or// previous children have given a weight, then we allow it to// use all available space (and we will shrink things later// if needed).measureChildBeforeLayout(child, i, widthMeasureSpec, 0, heightMeasureSpec,totalWeight == 0 ? mTotalLength : 0);if (oldHeight != Integer.MIN_VALUE) {lp.height = oldHeight;}final int childHeight = child.getMeasuredHeight();final int totalLength = mTotalLength;mTotalLength = Math.max(totalLength, totalLength + childHeight + lp.topMargin +lp.bottomMargin + getNextLocationOffset(child));if (useLargestChild) {largestChildHeight = Math.max(childHeight, largestChildHeight);}}/*** If applicable, compute the additional offset to the child's baseline* we'll need later when asked {@link #getBaseline}.*/if ((baselineChildIndex >= 0) && (baselineChildIndex == i + 1)) {mBaselineChildTop = mTotalLength;}// if we are trying to use a child index for our baseline, the above// book keeping only works if there are no children above it with// weight.  fail fast to aid the developer.if (i < baselineChildIndex && lp.weight > 0) {throw new RuntimeException("A child of LinearLayout with index "+ "less than mBaselineAlignedChildIndex has weight > 0, which "+ "won't work.  Either remove the weight, or don't set "+ "mBaselineAlignedChildIndex.");}boolean matchWidthLocally = false;if (widthMode != MeasureSpec.EXACTLY && lp.width == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {// The width of the linear layout will scale, and at least one// child said it wanted to match our width. Set a flag// indicating that we need to remeasure at least that view when// we know our width.matchWidth = true;matchWidthLocally = true;}final int margin = lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin;final int measuredWidth = child.getMeasuredWidth() + margin;maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth, measuredWidth);childState = combineMeasuredStates(childState, child.getMeasuredState());allFillParent = allFillParent && lp.width == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT;if (lp.weight > 0) {/** Widths of weighted Views are bogus if we end up* remeasuring, so keep them separate.*/weightedMaxWidth = Math.max(weightedMaxWidth,matchWidthLocally ? margin : measuredWidth);} else {alternativeMaxWidth = Math.max(alternativeMaxWidth,matchWidthLocally ? margin : measuredWidth);}i += getChildrenSkipCount(child, i);}

遍历子元素，调用他们的measureChildBeforeLayout方法，这个方法内会测量子孩子的宽高，并且有一个mTotalLength来记录LinearLayout 在竖直方向的初步高度，每测量一次子元素，mTotalLength都会增加，增加部分包括子元素的高度以及子元素竖直方向的margin

void measureChildBeforeLayout(View child, int childIndex,int widthMeasureSpec, int totalWidth, int heightMeasureSpec,int totalHeight) {measureChildWithMargins(child, widthMeasureSpec, totalWidth,heightMeasureSpec, totalHeight);}
里面调用了child.measure方法，也就是子孩子的measure方法
protected void measureChildWithMargins(View child,int parentWidthMeasureSpec, int widthUsed,int parentHeightMeasureSpec, int heightUsed) {final MarginLayoutParams lp = (MarginLayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin+ widthUsed, lp.width);final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin+ heightUsed, lp.height);child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
}

当子元素测量完毕后，LinearLayout会测量自身的大小，对于竖直的LinearLayout，它在水平方向上的测量过程，遵循View的测量过程，在竖直方向上，如果采用的是match_parent或者具体的数值，那么它的测量过程和View的一致，即高度为specSize；如果它的布局中高度采用wrap_content，那么高度是子元素所占用的高度总和，但这个和不能超过父容器的剩余空间，当然还要考虑padding，竖直方向的结论可以从下面代码得知：

public static int resolveSizeAndState(int size, int measureSpec, int childMeasuredState) {final int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);final int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);final int result;switch (specMode) {case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:if (specSize < size) {result = specSize | MEASURED_STATE_TOO_SMALL;} else {result = size;}break;case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:result = specSize;break;case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:default:result = size;}return result | (childMeasuredState & MEASURED_STATE_MASK);
}

有时候onMeasure中拿到的测量宽高可能是不准确的，比较好的习惯是在onLayout中去获取View的测量宽高和最终宽高

在Activity中，在onCreate,onStart,onResume中均无法正确获得View的宽高信息，这是因为measure和Activity的生命周期是不同步的，所以很可能View没有测量完毕，获得的宽高是0.

measure总结
1.measure过程主要就是从顶层父View向子View递归调用view.measure方法（measure中又回调onMeasure方法）的过程。具体measure核心主要有如下几点：

2.MeasureSpec（View的内部类）测量规格为int型，值由高2位规格模式specMode和低30位具体尺寸specSize组成。其中specMode只有三种值：

MeasureSpec.EXACTLY //确定模式，父View希望子View的大小是确定的，由specSize决定；
MeasureSpec.AT_MOST //最多模式，父View希望子View的大小最多是specSize指定的值；
MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED //未指定模式，父View完全依据子View的设计值来决定；

3.View的measure方法是final的，不允许重载，View子类只能重载onMeasure来完成自己的测量逻辑。

4.最顶层DecorView测量时的MeasureSpec是由ViewRootImpl中getRootMeasureSpec方法确定的（LayoutParams宽高参数均为MATCH_PARENT，specMode是EXACTLY，specSize为物理屏幕大小）。

5.ViewGroup类提供了measureChild，measureChild和measureChildWithMargins方法，简化了父子View的尺寸计算。

6.只要是ViewGroup的子类就必须要求LayoutParams继承子MarginLayoutParams，否则无法使用layout_margin参数。

7.View的布局大小由父View和子View共同决定。

8.使用View的getMeasuredWidth()和getMeasuredHeight()方法来获取View测量的宽高，必须保证这两个方法在onMeasure流程之后被调用才能返回有效值。

layout的过程
ViewGroup的位置确定后，它在onLayout中会遍历所有的子元素并调用子元素layout方法，子元素layout方法中又会调用onLayout方法，View的layout方法确定自身的位置，而onLayout方法方法确定子孩子的位置

public void layout(int l, int t, int r, int b) {if ((mPrivateFlags3 & PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT) != 0) {onMeasure(mOldWidthMeasureSpec, mOldHeightMeasureSpec);mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT;}int oldL = mLeft;int oldT = mTop;int oldB = mBottom;int oldR = mRight;boolean changed = isLayoutModeOptical(mParent) ?setOpticalFrame(l, t, r, b) : setFrame(l, t, r, b);if (changed || (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED) == PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED) {onLayout(changed, l, t, r, b);mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED;ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;if (li != null && li.mOnLayoutChangeListeners != null) {ArrayList<OnLayoutChangeListener> listenersCopy =(ArrayList<OnLayoutChangeListener>)li.mOnLayoutChangeListeners.clone();int numListeners = listenersCopy.size();for (int i = 0; i < numListeners; ++i) {listenersCopy.get(i).onLayoutChange(this, l, t, r, b, oldL, oldT, oldR, oldB);}}}mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT;mPrivateFlags3 |= PFLAG3_IS_LAID_OUT;
}

layout方法的大致流程如下：首先会通过setFrame方法来确定mLeft;mTop;mBottom;
mRight;只要这四个点一旦确定，那么View在父容器中的位置就确定了，接着会调用onLayout方法，该方法目的是父容器来确定子元素的位置，无论是View还是ViewGroup都没有实现onLayout方法，我们查看LinearLayout的onLayout方法

@Overrideprotected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b) {if (mOrientation == VERTICAL) {layoutVertical(l, t, r, b);} else {layoutHorizontal(l, t, r, b);}
}

查看layoutVertical中关键代码

for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {final View child = getVirtualChildAt(i);if (child == null) {childTop += measureNullChild(i);} else if (child.getVisibility() != GONE) {final int childWidth = child.getMeasuredWidth();final int childHeight = child.getMeasuredHeight();final LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp =(LinearLayout.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();int gravity = lp.gravity;if (gravity < 0) {gravity = minorGravity;}final int layoutDirection = getLayoutDirection();final int absoluteGravity = Gravity.getAbsoluteGravity(gravity, layoutDirection);switch (absoluteGravity & Gravity.HORIZONTAL_GRAVITY_MASK) {case Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL:childLeft = paddingLeft + ((childSpace - childWidth) / 2)+ lp.leftMargin - lp.rightMargin;break;case Gravity.RIGHT:childLeft = childRight - childWidth - lp.rightMargin;break;case Gravity.LEFT:default:childLeft = paddingLeft + lp.leftMargin;break;}if (hasDividerBeforeChildAt(i)) {childTop += mDividerHeight;}childTop += lp.topMargin;setChildFrame(child, childLeft, childTop + getLocationOffset(child),childWidth, childHeight);childTop += childHeight + lp.bottomMargin + getNextLocationOffset(child);i += getChildrenSkipCount(child, i);}}

这个方法会遍历所有的子元素并调用setChildFrame方法来为子元素指定对应的位置，其中childTop的数值会不断的增大，这意味着后面的子元素还位于靠下的位置，刚好符合竖直的LinearLayout的特性，setChildFrame方法中不过是调用了子元素的Layout方法而已

private void setChildFrame(View child, int left, int top, int width, int height) {        child.layout(left, top, left + width, top + height);
}

同时，会发现setChildFrame中的width和height实际上就是子元素的测量宽高

final int childWidth = child.getMeasuredWidth();final int childHeight = child.getMeasuredHeight();

View的layout方法中会通过setFrame方法去设置子元素四个顶点的位置，这样子元素的位置就可以确定

int oldWidth = mRight - mLeft;int oldHeight = mBottom - mTop;int newWidth = right - left;int newHeight = bottom - top;boolean sizeChanged = (newWidth != oldWidth) || (newHeight != oldHeight);// Invalidate our old positioninvalidate(sizeChanged);mLeft = left;mTop = top;mRight = right;mBottom = bottom;mRenderNode.setLeftTopRightBottom(mLeft, mTop, mRight, mBottom);

接下来是View的getWidth和getHeight方法，结合里面的实现，可以发现他们分别返回的就是View测量的宽度和高度

@ViewDebug.ExportedProperty(category = "layout")public final int getWidth() {return mRight - mLeft;}/*** Return the height of your view.** @return The height of your view, in pixels.*/@ViewDebug.ExportedProperty(category = "layout")public final int getHeight() {return mBottom - mTop;
}

layout总结
1.layout也是从顶层父View向子View的递归调用view.layout方法的过程，即父View根据上一步measure子View所得到的布局大小和布局参数，将子View放在合适的位置上。

2.View.layout方法可被重载，ViewGroup.layout为final的不可重载，ViewGroup.onLayout为abstract的，子类必须重载实现自己的位置逻辑。

3.measure操作完成后得到的是对每个View经测量过的measuredWidth和measuredHeight，layout操作完成之后得到的是对每个View进行位置分配后的mLeft、mTop、mRight、mBottom，这些值都是相对于父View来说的。

4.凡是layout_XXX的布局属性基本都针对的是包含子View的ViewGroup的，当对一个没有父容器的View设置相关layout_XXX属性是没有任何意义的。

5.使用View的getWidth()和getHeight()方法来获取View测量的宽高，必须保证这两个方法在onLayout流程之后被调用才能返回有效值。
draw的过程
View的绘制过程遵循以下几步：
1)绘制背景background.draw(canvas)
2)绘制自己（onDraw）
3)绘制 children（dispatchDraw）
4)绘制装饰（onDrawScrollBars）

public void draw(Canvas canvas) {final int privateFlags = mPrivateFlags;final boolean dirtyOpaque = (privateFlags & PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK) == PFLAG_DIRTY_OPAQUE &&(mAttachInfo == null || !mAttachInfo.mIgnoreDirtyState);mPrivateFlags = (privateFlags & ~PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK) | PFLAG_DRAWN;/** Draw traversal performs several drawing steps which must be executed* in the appropriate order:**      1. Draw the background*      2. If necessary, save the canvas' layers to prepare for fading*      3. Draw view's content*      4. Draw children*      5. If necessary, draw the fading edges and restore layers*      6. Draw decorations (scrollbars for instance)*/// Step 1, draw the background, if neededint saveCount;if (!dirtyOpaque) {drawBackground(canvas);}// skip step 2 & 5 if possible (common case)final int viewFlags = mViewFlags;boolean horizontalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_HORIZONTAL) != 0;boolean verticalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_VERTICAL) != 0;if (!verticalEdges && !horizontalEdges) {// Step 3, draw the contentif (!dirtyOpaque) onDraw(canvas);// Step 4, draw the childrendispatchDraw(canvas);// Overlay is part of the content and draws beneath Foregroundif (mOverlay != null && !mOverlay.isEmpty()) {mOverlay.getOverlayView().dispatchDraw(canvas);}// Step 6, draw decorations (foreground, scrollbars)onDrawForeground(canvas);// we're done...return;}/** Here we do the full fledged routine...* (this is an uncommon case where speed matters less,* this is why we repeat some of the tests that have been* done above)*/boolean drawTop = false;boolean drawBottom = false;boolean drawLeft = false;boolean drawRight = false;float topFadeStrength = 0.0f;float bottomFadeStrength = 0.0f;float leftFadeStrength = 0.0f;float rightFadeStrength = 0.0f;// Step 2, save the canvas' layersint paddingLeft = mPaddingLeft;final boolean offsetRequired = isPaddingOffsetRequired();if (offsetRequired) {paddingLeft += getLeftPaddingOffset();}int left = mScrollX + paddingLeft;int right = left + mRight - mLeft - mPaddingRight - paddingLeft;int top = mScrollY + getFadeTop(offsetRequired);int bottom = top + getFadeHeight(offsetRequired);if (offsetRequired) {right += getRightPaddingOffset();bottom += getBottomPaddingOffset();}final ScrollabilityCache scrollabilityCache = mScrollCache;final float fadeHeight = scrollabilityCache.fadingEdgeLength;int length = (int) fadeHeight;// clip the fade length if top and bottom fades overlap// overlapping fades produce odd-looking artifactsif (verticalEdges && (top + length > bottom - length)) {length = (bottom - top) / 2;}// also clip horizontal fades if necessaryif (horizontalEdges && (left + length > right - length)) {length = (right - left) / 2;}if (verticalEdges) {topFadeStrength = Math.max(0.0f, Math.min(1.0f, getTopFadingEdgeStrength()));drawTop = topFadeStrength * fadeHeight > 1.0f;bottomFadeStrength = Math.max(0.0f, Math.min(1.0f, getBottomFadingEdgeStrength()));drawBottom = bottomFadeStrength * fadeHeight > 1.0f;}if (horizontalEdges) {leftFadeStrength = Math.max(0.0f, Math.min(1.0f, getLeftFadingEdgeStrength()));drawLeft = leftFadeStrength * fadeHeight > 1.0f;rightFadeStrength = Math.max(0.0f, Math.min(1.0f, getRightFadingEdgeStrength()));drawRight = rightFadeStrength * fadeHeight > 1.0f;}saveCount = canvas.getSaveCount();int solidColor = getSolidColor();if (solidColor == 0) {final int flags = Canvas.HAS_ALPHA_LAYER_SAVE_FLAG;if (drawTop) {canvas.saveLayer(left, top, right, top + length, null, flags);}if (drawBottom) {canvas.saveLayer(left, bottom - length, right, bottom, null, flags);}if (drawLeft) {canvas.saveLayer(left, top, left + length, bottom, null, flags);}if (drawRight) {canvas.saveLayer(right - length, top, right, bottom, null, flags);}} else {scrollabilityCache.setFadeColor(solidColor);}// Step 3, draw the contentif (!dirtyOpaque) onDraw(canvas);// Step 4, draw the childrendispatchDraw(canvas);// Step 5, draw the fade effect and restore layersfinal Paint p = scrollabilityCache.paint;final Matrix matrix = scrollabilityCache.matrix;final Shader fade = scrollabilityCache.shader;if (drawTop) {matrix.setScale(1, fadeHeight * topFadeStrength);matrix.postTranslate(left, top);fade.setLocalMatrix(matrix);p.setShader(fade);canvas.drawRect(left, top, right, top + length, p);}if (drawBottom) {matrix.setScale(1, fadeHeight * bottomFadeStrength);matrix.postRotate(180);matrix.postTranslate(left, bottom);fade.setLocalMatrix(matrix);p.setShader(fade);canvas.drawRect(left, bottom - length, right, bottom, p);}if (drawLeft) {matrix.setScale(1, fadeHeight * leftFadeStrength);matrix.postRotate(-90);matrix.postTranslate(left, top);fade.setLocalMatrix(matrix);p.setShader(fade);canvas.drawRect(left, top, left + length, bottom, p);}if (drawRight) {matrix.setScale(1, fadeHeight * rightFadeStrength);matrix.postRotate(90);matrix.postTranslate(right, top);fade.setLocalMatrix(matrix);p.setShader(fade);canvas.drawRect(right - length, top, right, bottom, p);}canvas.restoreToCount(saveCount);// Overlay is part of the content and draws beneath Foregroundif (mOverlay != null && !mOverlay.isEmpty()) {mOverlay.getOverlayView().dispatchDraw(canvas);}// Step 6, draw decorations (foreground, scrollbars)onDrawForeground(canvas);
}

View的绘制过程的传递是通过dispatchDraw实现的，dispatchdraw会遍历调用所有子元素的draw方法。如此draw事件就一层一层的传递下去。

draw总结
1.如果该View是一个ViewGroup，则需要递归绘制其所包含的所有子View。

2.View默认不会绘制任何内容，真正的绘制都需要自己在子类中实现。

3.View的绘制是借助onDraw方法传入的Canvas类来进行的。

4.在获取画布剪切区（每个View的draw中传入的Canvas）时会自动处理掉padding，子View获取Canvas不用关注这些逻辑，只用关心如何绘制即可。

5.默认情况下子View的ViewGroup.drawChild绘制顺序和子View被添加的顺序一致，但是你也可以重载ViewGroup.getChildDrawingOrder()方法提供不同顺序。

参考资料
《Android开发艺术探索》