一般Servlet只初始化一次(只有一个实例)。对于更多的客户端请求,Server创建新的请求和响应对象,仍然激活此Servlet的service()方法,将这两个对象作为参数传递给该方法。如此重复以上的循环,但无需再调用init()方法。

原因:

出于性能的考虑:特别的对于门户网站而言,每一个Servlet在每一秒内的并发访问量都可以是成千上万的。在一个面向模块化开发的现在,常常一个点击操作就被定义为一个Servlet的实现,而如果Servlet的每一次被访问,都创建一个新的实例的话,服务器的可用资源消耗量将是一个相当重要的问题。
退一步,一般Servlet的访问是很快的,每一个实例被快速的创建,又被快速的回收,GC的回收速度也跟不上,频繁的内存操作也将可能带来次生的问题。

所以,Servlet的“单一实例化”是一个很重要的策略。

此时为了更好理解servlet,这里附上servlet、httpservlet代码:

Servlet源代码:

package javax.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
// Referenced classes of package javax.servlet:
// ServletException, ServletConfig, ServletRequest, ServletResponse
public interface Servlet
{  public abstract void init(ServletConfig servletconfig)  throws ServletException;  public abstract ServletConfig getServletConfig();  public abstract void service(ServletRequest servletrequest, ServletResponse servletresponse)  throws ServletException, IOException;  public abstract String getServletInfo();  public abstract void destroy();
}  

HttpServlet源代码:

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.text.MessageFormat;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.ResourceBundle;
import javax.servlet.*;
// Referenced classes of package javax.servlet.http:
//            NoBodyResponse, HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse
public abstract class HttpServlet extends GenericServlet  implements Serializable
{  public HttpServlet()  {  }  protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)  throws ServletException, IOException  {  String protocol = req.getProtocol();  String msg = lStrings.getString("http.method_get_not_supported");  if(protocol.endsWith("1.1"))  resp.sendError(405, msg);  else  resp.sendError(400, msg);  }  protected long getLastModified(HttpServletRequest req)  {  return -1L;  }  protected void doHead(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)  throws ServletException, IOException  {  NoBodyResponse response = new NoBodyResponse(resp);  doGet(req, response);  response.setContentLength();  }  protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)  throws ServletException, IOException  {  String protocol = req.getProtocol();  String msg = lStrings.getString("http.method_post_not_supported");  if(protocol.endsWith("1.1"))  resp.sendError(405, msg);  else  resp.sendError(400, msg);  }  protected void doPut(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)  throws ServletException, IOException  {  String protocol = req.getProtocol();  String msg = lStrings.getString("http.method_put_not_supported");  if(protocol.endsWith("1.1"))  resp.sendError(405, msg);  else  resp.sendError(400, msg);  }  protected void doDelete(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)  throws ServletException, IOException  {  String protocol = req.getProtocol();  String msg = lStrings.getString("http.method_delete_not_supported");  if(protocol.endsWith("1.1"))  resp.sendError(405, msg);  else  resp.sendError(400, msg);  }  private Method[] getAllDeclaredMethods(Class c)  {  if(c.equals(javax/servlet/http/HttpServlet))  return null;  Method parentMethods[] = getAllDeclaredMethods(c.getSuperclass());  Method thisMethods[] = c.getDeclaredMethods();  if(parentMethods != null && parentMethods.length > 0)  {  Method allMethods[] = new Method[parentMethods.length + thisMethods.length];  System.arraycopy(parentMethods, 0, allMethods, 0, parentMethods.length);  System.arraycopy(thisMethods, 0, allMethods, parentMethods.length, thisMethods.length);  thisMethods = allMethods;  }  return thisMethods;  }  protected void doOptions(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)  throws ServletException, IOException  {  Method methods[] = getAllDeclaredMethods(getClass());  boolean ALLOW_GET = false;  boolean ALLOW_HEAD = false;  boolean ALLOW_POST = false;  boolean ALLOW_PUT = false;  boolean ALLOW_DELETE = false;  boolean ALLOW_TRACE = true;  boolean ALLOW_OPTIONS = true;  for(int i = 0; i < methods.length; i++)  {  Method m = methods[i];  if(m.getName().equals("doGet"))  {  ALLOW_GET = true;  ALLOW_HEAD = true;  }  if(m.getName().equals("doPost"))  ALLOW_POST = true;  if(m.getName().equals("doPut"))  ALLOW_PUT = true;  if(m.getName().equals("doDelete"))  ALLOW_DELETE = true;  }  String allow = null;  if(ALLOW_GET && allow == null)  allow = "GET";  if(ALLOW_HEAD)  if(allow == null)  allow = "HEAD";  else  allow = (new StringBuilder()).append(allow).append(", HEAD").toString();  if(ALLOW_POST)  if(allow == null)  allow = "POST";  else  allow = (new StringBuilder()).append(allow).append(", POST").toString();  if(ALLOW_PUT)  if(allow == null)  allow = "PUT";  else  allow = (new StringBuilder()).append(allow).append(", PUT").toString();  if(ALLOW_DELETE)  if(allow == null)  allow = "DELETE";  else  allow = (new StringBuilder()).append(allow).append(", DELETE").toString();  if(ALLOW_TRACE)  if(allow == null)  allow = "TRACE";  else  allow = (new StringBuilder()).append(allow).append(", TRACE").toString();  if(ALLOW_OPTIONS)  if(allow == null)  allow = "OPTIONS";  else  allow = (new StringBuilder()).append(allow).append(", OPTIONS").toString();  resp.setHeader("Allow", allow);  }  protected void doTrace(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)  throws ServletException, IOException  {  String CRLF = "\r\n";  String responseString = (new StringBuilder()).append("TRACE ").append(req.getRequestURI()).append(" ").append(req.getProtocol()).toString();  for(Enumeration reqHeaderEnum = req.getHeaderNames(); reqHeaderEnum.hasMoreElements();)  {  String headerName = (String)reqHeaderEnum.nextElement();  responseString = (new StringBuilder()).append(responseString).append(CRLF).append(headerName).append(": ").append(req.getHeader(headerName)).toString();  }  responseString = (new StringBuilder()).append(responseString).append(CRLF).toString();  int responseLength = responseString.length();  resp.setContentType("message/http");  resp.setContentLength(responseLength);  ServletOutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream();  out.print(responseString);  out.close();  }  protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)  throws ServletException, IOException  {  String method = req.getMethod();  if(method.equals("GET"))  {  long lastModified = getLastModified(req);  if(lastModified == -1L)  {  doGet(req, resp);  } else  {  long ifModifiedSince = req.getDateHeader("If-Modified-Since");  if(ifModifiedSince < (lastModified / 1000L) * 1000L)  {  maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);  doGet(req, resp);  } else  {  resp.setStatus(304);  }  }  } else  if(method.equals("HEAD"))  {  long lastModified = getLastModified(req);  maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);  doHead(req, resp);  } else  if(method.equals("POST"))  doPost(req, resp);  else  if(method.equals("PUT"))  doPut(req, resp);  else  if(method.equals("DELETE"))  doDelete(req, resp);  else  if(method.equals("OPTIONS"))  doOptions(req, resp);  else  if(method.equals("TRACE"))  {  doTrace(req, resp);  } else  {  String errMsg = lStrings.getString("http.method_not_implemented");  Object errArgs[] = new Object[1];  errArgs[0] = method;  errMsg = MessageFormat.format(errMsg, errArgs);  resp.sendError(501, errMsg);  }  }  private void maybeSetLastModified(HttpServletResponse resp, long lastModified)  {  if(resp.containsHeader("Last-Modified"))  return;  if(lastModified >= 0L)  resp.setDateHeader("Last-Modified", lastModified);  }  public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)  throws ServletException, IOException  {  HttpServletRequest request;  HttpServletResponse response;  try  {  request = (HttpServletRequest)req;  response = (HttpServletResponse)res;  }  catch(ClassCastException e)  {  throw new ServletException("non-HTTP request or response");  }  service(request, response);  }  private static final String METHOD_DELETE = "DELETE";  private static final String METHOD_HEAD = "HEAD";  private static final String METHOD_GET = "GET";  private static final String METHOD_OPTIONS = "OPTIONS";  private static final String METHOD_POST = "POST";  private static final String METHOD_PUT = "PUT";  private static final String METHOD_TRACE = "TRACE";  private static final String HEADER_IFMODSINCE = "If-Modified-Since";  private static final String HEADER_LASTMOD = "Last-Modified";  private static final String LSTRING_FILE = "javax.servlet.http.LocalStrings";  private static ResourceBundle lStrings = ResourceBundle.getBundle("javax.servlet.http.LocalStrings");
}  

参考:《.init()方法成功完成后,Servlet可以接受请求.默认有多少个Servlet实例被创建》、《Java Servlet(二):servlet配置及生命周期相关(jdk7+tomcat7+eclipse)》

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/yy3b2007com/p/8784816.html

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