一个作业题---用python创建一个通讯录

题目：

一个文本通讯录要求：

内容含有：姓名，电话(手机，座机)，qq，email
存储功能实现：通过命令行输入后保存到文件
读取功能和兼容性：自己程序能读出其他同学创建的通讯录

答案：

#!/usr/bin/env python
#!encoding:utf-8
#filename:contacts_list.py
#QUESTION FROM:http://uliweb.clkg.org/tutorial/view_chapter/183import pickle, pprint
import os, sysdef create_contact(file_path): #初始化通讯录文本exist = os.path.isfile(file_path)if exist:os.remove(file_path)#如果已经存在则删除通讯录，下一步重新建立print "remove old conntact list successfully ! "init_contact = {'lijyt':{'cellphone':'13990000343','tel':'0512-86565544','qq':'45453242','e-mail':'erew@126.com'},'zhanw':{'cellphone':'15992222343','tel':'0523-89565544','qq':'89545445','e-mail':'ujjy@126.com'},'dongf':{'cellphone':'18905555343','tel':'0545-84565544','qq':'12453242','e-mail':'zxzc@126.com'}}f = open(file_path,'w')pickle.dump(init_contact,f)     f.close()print "create new contact list successfully !" def load_contact(file_path):#通讯录加载函数exist = os.path.isfile(file_path)#检查文件是否存在，不存在则退出if not exist:print "The file %s is not exist! check again " % file_pathexitf = open(file_path,'r')contact = pickle.load(f)pprint.pprint(contact)f.close()def add_contact(file_path):#增加用户函数（是否可以先写增加的dict,再通过update更新到contact？）exist = os.path.isfile(file_path)#检查文件是否存在，不存在则退出if not exist:print "The file %s is not exist! check again " % file_pathexitf = open(file_path,'a+')contact = pickle.load(f)#加载通讯录#打开通讯录文本后进行新的用户添加输入name = raw_input('>> name:' )contact[name] = {}cellphone = raw_input('>> cellphone:' )contact[name]['cellphone'] = cellphoneqq = raw_input('>> qq:' )contact[name]['qq'] = qqtel = raw_input('>> tel:' )contact[name]['tel'] = tele_mail = raw_input('>> e-mail:' )contact[name]['e-mail'] = e_mailf.close()#写入文本中f = open(file_path,'w+')pickle.dump(contact,f)#重写通讯录f.close()def menu_choice():#选择查询还是增加用户信息等print " *******Welcome to use this python contact_list******* "usage =  '''FUNCTION YOU CAN USE:(1)SEARCH SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "search"(2)ADDING SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "adding"(3)READING SOMEONE'S CONTACT LIST? INPUT: "reading"(4)(!ATTENTION)RESET CONTACT_LIST OR INITIALIZE: "reset"'''print usage,'\n'try:choice = raw_input('input your choice refered before >>')if choice  == 'reading':#一对if else选择进行读取自己的还是别人的conactinput_dir = raw_input('input someone contact list file path (eg: E:\python\list1.txt)\n >>>')path_others = r'%s' % input_dirload_contact(path_others)else:in_put = raw_input('input your contact list file path (eg: E:\python\list1.txt)\n >>>')path = r'%s' % in_put#path = r'E:\study\python\tmp\contact_list1.txt'if choice == 'search':load_contact(path)elif choice == 'adding':add_contact(path)elif choice == 'reset':create_contact(path)else:print '''retry to run the program!%s''' % usageexcept:print "something wrong!"while True:menu_choice()

实现情况：

根据题目的要求，基本功能应该都实现了，剩下的只是兼容性及容错性的问题，个人觉得可以进行改进的方面如下：

1）对dict的更新，可否用update去实现，并同步到文本？反复加载或者重写对大数据处理可能就变慢了

2）对于读取他人的通讯录，需要进行严格的限制，否则不符合pickle的格式，导致无法读取，有无其他更好的兼容方法？

3）有几个地方可以循环的更流畅，每次选择时，可否只输入一次目录地址，如果没有选择reading，都按默认选项来？这样可以方便反复增加用户，这个应该容易，循环嵌套问题。

4）查询时，可否按名字查询，或者其它选择方式？可以更加明确目标。

5）对某个用户进行删除，该如何做呢？

其它就是过程简化方面的了，暂时想到上面的想法。

下面运行起来看下结果如何：

输出：

>>> ================================ RESTART ================================
>>> *******Welcome to use this python contact_list******* FUNCTION YOU CAN USE:(1)SEARCH SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "search"(2)ADDING SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "adding"(3)READING SOMEONE'S CONTACT LIST? INPUT: "reading"(4)(!ATTENTION)RESET CONTACT_LIST OR INITIALIZE: "reset"input your choice refered before >>search
input your contact list file path (eg: E:\python\list1.txt)>>>D:\test_tmp
The file D:\test_tmp is not exist! check again
something wrong!*******Welcome to use this python contact_list******* FUNCTION YOU CAN USE:(1)SEARCH SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "search"(2)ADDING SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "adding"(3)READING SOMEONE'S CONTACT LIST? INPUT: "reading"(4)(!ATTENTION)RESET CONTACT_LIST OR INITIALIZE: "reset"input your choice refered before >>reset
input your contact list file path (eg: E:\python\list1.txt)>>>D:\test_tmp\contact_list.txt
create new contact list successfully !*******Welcome to use this python contact_list******* FUNCTION YOU CAN USE:(1)SEARCH SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "search"(2)ADDING SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "adding"(3)READING SOMEONE'S CONTACT LIST? INPUT: "reading"(4)(!ATTENTION)RESET CONTACT_LIST OR INITIALIZE: "reset"input your choice refered before >>search
input your contact list file path (eg: E:\python\list1.txt)>>>D:\test_tmp\contact_list.txt
{'dongf': {'cellphone': '18905555343','e-mail': 'zxzc@126.com','qq': '12453242','tel': '0545-84565544'},'lijyt': {'cellphone': '13990000343','e-mail': 'erew@126.com','qq': '45453242','tel': '0512-86565544'},'zhanw': {'cellphone': '15992222343','e-mail': 'ujjy@126.com','qq': '89545445','tel': '0523-89565544'}}*******Welcome to use this python contact_list******* FUNCTION YOU CAN USE:(1)SEARCH SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "search"(2)ADDING SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "adding"(3)READING SOMEONE'S CONTACT LIST? INPUT: "reading"(4)(!ATTENTION)RESET CONTACT_LIST OR INITIALIZE: "reset"input your choice refered before >>adding
input your contact list file path (eg: E:\python\list1.txt)>>>D:\test_tmp\contact_list.txt
>> name:boys
>> cellphone:13487677868
>> qq:3454554655
>> tel:0513-65546567
>> e-mail:56ert@163.com*******Welcome to use this python contact_list******* FUNCTION YOU CAN USE:(1)SEARCH SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "search"(2)ADDING SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "adding"(3)READING SOMEONE'S CONTACT LIST? INPUT: "reading"(4)(!ATTENTION)RESET CONTACT_LIST OR INITIALIZE: "reset"input your choice refered before >>search
input your contact list file path (eg: E:\python\list1.txt)>>>D:\test_tmp\contact_list.txt
{'boys': {'cellphone': '13487677868','e-mail': '56ert@163.com','qq': '3454554655','tel': '0513-65546567'},'dongf': {'cellphone': '18905555343','e-mail': 'zxzc@126.com','qq': '12453242','tel': '0545-84565544'},'lijyt': {'cellphone': '13990000343','e-mail': 'erew@126.com','qq': '45453242','tel': '0512-86565544'},'zhanw': {'cellphone': '15992222343','e-mail': 'ujjy@126.com','qq': '89545445','tel': '0523-89565544'}}*******Welcome to use this python contact_list******* FUNCTION YOU CAN USE:(1)SEARCH SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "search"(2)ADDING SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "adding"(3)READING SOMEONE'S CONTACT LIST? INPUT: "reading"(4)(!ATTENTION)RESET CONTACT_LIST OR INITIALIZE: "reset"input your choice refered before >>reading
input someone contact list file path (eg: E:\python\list1.txt)>>>D:\test_tmp\contact_list.txt
{'boys': {'cellphone': '13487677868','e-mail': '56ert@163.com','qq': '3454554655','tel': '0513-65546567'},'dongf': {'cellphone': '18905555343','e-mail': 'zxzc@126.com','qq': '12453242','tel': '0545-84565544'},'lijyt': {'cellphone': '13990000343','e-mail': 'erew@126.com','qq': '45453242','tel': '0512-86565544'},'zhanw': {'cellphone': '15992222343','e-mail': 'ujjy@126.com','qq': '89545445','tel': '0523-89565544'}}*******Welcome to use this python contact_list******* FUNCTION YOU CAN USE:(1)SEARCH SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "search"(2)ADDING SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "adding"(3)READING SOMEONE'S CONTACT LIST? INPUT: "reading"(4)(!ATTENTION)RESET CONTACT_LIST OR INITIALIZE: "reset"input your choice refered before >>

上面执行的步骤是：

1、文件不存在

2、创建contact list

3、查询

4、增加用户

5、查询是否增加

6、读取其它通讯录（实际中用的是原来的）

整个流程基本是走完了，看样子还行。

总结：

这个程序中用到的知识：

1、文件的操作（打开，移除，创建）

2、pickle模块的使用，加载与生成

3、字典的初始化，增删

4、输入与字典赋值

5、循环的使用if else，while，异常处理等

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