第四次3D编程作业

本次作业源代码链接：点击此处进行跳转

一. 基本操作演练

下载Fantasy Skybox Free,构建自己的游戏场景
场景总览图：

游玩截图：
写一个简单的总结，总结游戏对象的使用
- 普通3D物体
  普通的3D物体一般用来表示会运动的游戏物体，比如游戏玩家、敌人和机关等，一般都需要设置碰撞体积，以满足某些物理效果
- 摄像机
  摄像机可以作为玩家观察游戏的视角，也可以利用多摄像头实现小地图、望远镜、无人机观察的功能，同时可以收录声音
- 光源
  光源提供光照，为游戏场景可视化提供基本条件，也可以是各种游戏物体发光，使物体更加真实，如：手电筒、火把等
- 地形
  地形一般表示不可改变的游戏物体，不需要运动。
- 声源
  附加在某些物体上使其发声，使游戏更加真实

二. 编程实践：《大主宰》关卡原型设计：

点击该链接查看源代码

阅读天蚕土豆小说《大主宰》第975~981章，这段讲述了男主离开九幽族到神兽之原的途中在太空中穿梭的过程。

小说情景简述：
主角团需要在空间中的陨石间不断穿越以到达目的地神兽之原，在途中还要尽可能收集血泥块提升自身实力，并且在穿越过程中灵力会不断流失。

1. 游戏世界对象和元素

主角牧尘
主角牧尘作为小说主角，玩家需要操作其在陨石上跳跃以到达目的地，同时收集血泥块提升实力，帮助玩家通过关卡较难的部分
简单建一下模型(技术有限，请见谅)：
陨石：用移动的褐色长方体表示陨石，陨石的大小各不相同，且在关卡后半部分只会以一定概率生成，两个陨石之间的间距会变大，从而可以提高游戏难度
血泥块：用扁平的红色圆柱体表示血泥块，需要附着在陨石上，可以被玩家收集
神兽之原、起始陆地、中转陆地：用较大的固定长方体表示

2. 基本玩法与挑战

基本玩法：玩家需要在各陨石上跳跃移动，并最终到达目的地。在游戏过程中，玩家可以收集血泥块以解锁技能(二段跳和冲刺)，以帮助通过关卡的较难部分。

挑战：
(1) 玩家不会附着在移动的陨石上，且陨石只会存在一定时间，移动到一定距离后就会消失
(2) 到了关卡的后半部分，陨石的生成概率会变小，且移动速度会更快，有的时候会出现玩家可能无法跨越的距离，此时玩家就需要进行权衡，是继续前进还是回到中转点等待机会
(3) 玩家掉落虚空会传送回出生点，且先前收集的血泥块与获得的技能都清空
(4) 玩家使用技能需要消耗灵力，玩家需要考虑技能的释放时机和次数

3. 管理游戏物体的运动

(1) 陨石：
陨石一般由起始地点生成，以恒定速度向目的地前进，到达目的地后会被释放。
控制其运动的脚本如下：

// StoneAction.csusing System.Collections;using System.Collections.Generic;using UnityEngine;namespace hw_4{public class StoneAction : MonoBehaviour{Vector3 destination;Vector3 speed;// Update is called once per framevoid Update(){this.gameObject.transform.position += speed*Time.deltaTime;// 向目的地移动if(Vector3.Distance(this.gameObject.transform.position,destination)<0.1f)// 到达目的地后释放Destroy(this.gameObject);}public void set_destination(Vector3 des){destination = des;}public void set_speed(Vector3 s){speed = s;}}}

(2) 玩家：
玩家以第一人称进行游戏，可以解锁二段跳和冲刺。

 using System.Collections;using System.Collections.Generic;using UnityEngine;using System;namespace hw_4{public partial interface ISceneController{void reset();}public class PlayControl : MonoBehaviour{float cameraAngle;  //摄像机（头）旋转的角度float bodyAngle;   //身体旋转的角度float min,max;private CharacterController player;private Vector3 speed;private float dy;private float pp;// 灵力值private Camera camera;private int jump_times;// 跳跃次数private int blood_num;// 血泥块数量private ISceneController controller;// Start is called before the first frame updatevoid Start(){player = this.gameObject.AddComponent<CharacterController>();player.skinWidth = 0.01f;speed = Vector3.zero;cameraAngle = 0;bodyAngle = 0;min = -55;max = 30;camera = new GameObject().AddComponent<Camera>();camera.gameObject.transform.parent = this.gameObject.transform;camera.gameObject.transform.localPosition = new Vector3(0,1,0);Skybox sky = camera.gameObject.AddComponent<Skybox>();sky.material = Resources.Load<Material>("hw_4/sky_material");// 锁定鼠标Cursor.lockState = CursorLockMode.Locked;Cursor.visible = true;jump_times = 0;blood_num = 0;pp = 200f;Physics.autoSyncTransforms = true;}// Update is called once per framevoid Update(){if(this.gameObject.transform.position.y < -10f)controller.reset();turn();jump();move();    }void jump(){if(player.isGrounded)jump_times = 0;if(Input.GetButtonDown("Jump")){if(jump_times == 0){dy = 3;jump_times += 1;}else if(jump_times == 1 && blood_num >= 3 && pp >=10)// 灵力值与血泥块数量足够，发动二段跳{dy = 3;jump_times += 1;pp -= 10;}}dy -= Time.deltaTime*9.8f;}void move(){float dx = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal")*2;float dz = Input.GetAxis("Vertical")*2;// 左Shift冲刺if(Input.GetButton("Fire3") && blood_num >= 10 && pp > 0){pp -= Time.deltaTime*10;dx  *= 3;dz  *= 3;}speed = new Vector3(dx,dy,dz) * Time.deltaTime;player.Move(Quaternion.AngleAxis(bodyAngle,Vector3.up)*speed);}void turn(){bodyAngle = (bodyAngle + Input.GetAxis("Mouse X")) % 360;this.gameObject.transform.rotation = Quaternion.AngleAxis(bodyAngle,Vector3.up); cameraAngle = Mathf.Clamp(cameraAngle += Input.GetAxis("Mouse Y"), min, max);Debug.LogFormat("here:{0}",camera==null);camera.gameObject.transform.localRotation = Quaternion.AngleAxis(cameraAngle,Vector3.left);}public void reset(){this.gameObject.transform.position = new Vector3(30f,5f,8.5f);blood_num = 0;pp = 200f;}public int get_blood_num(){return blood_num;}public int get_pp(){return pp>0?(int)pp:0;}public void set_controller(ISceneController c){controller = c;}public void add_blood(){blood_num += 1;}}}

4. 其他代码

(1) SceneController：场景控制

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;namespace hw_4
{public class SceneController : MonoBehaviour,ISceneController{GameObject stone_origin;GameObject blood_origin;GameObject land_origin;GameObject role;float left_time;// Camera camera;float time1,time2;private MyGUI myGUI;void Awake(){stone_origin = Resources.Load("hw_4/stone") as GameObject;blood_origin = Resources.Load("hw_4/blood") as GameObject;Instantiate(Resources.Load("hw_4/start") as GameObject,new Vector3(30,0,8.5f),Quaternion.Euler(0,0,0));Instantiate(Resources.Load("hw_4/end") as GameObject,new Vector3(-30,0,8.5f),Quaternion.Euler(0,0,0));Instantiate(Resources.Load("hw_4/inter") as GameObject,new Vector3(0,0,8.5f),Quaternion.Euler(0,0,0));role = Instantiate(Resources.Load("hw_4/MuChen") as GameObject,new Vector3(30,1.5f,8.5f),Quaternion.Euler(0,0,0));  role.AddComponent<PlayControl>().set_controller(this);role.GetComponent<PlayControl>();time1 = 0f;time2 = 0f;myGUI = new GameObject().AddComponent<MyGUI>();myGUI.set_controller(this);left_time = 200f;for(int x = 0; x < 50;x += 4){for(int i = -1; i < 2;i++){GameObject new_stone = Instantiate(stone_origin,new Vector3(x,0,i*4),Quaternion.Euler(0,0,0));float random_size = Random.Range(2f,3f);new_stone.transform.localScale = new Vector3(random_size,1,random_size);StoneAction stone_action = new_stone.AddComponent<StoneAction>();stone_action.set_destination(stone_action.gameObject.transform.position + new Vector3(50-x,0,0));stone_action.set_speed(new Vector3(1f,0,0));float blood_rate = Random.Range(0f,1f);if(blood_rate>=0.9f){GameObject new_blood = Instantiate(blood_origin,new Vector3(0,0,i*4),Quaternion.Euler(0,0,0));new_blood.transform.parent = new_stone.transform;new_blood.transform.localPosition = new Vector3(0,0.5f,0);Click click = new_blood.AddComponent<Click>();click.set_controller(this);}}}}// Update is called once per framevoid Update(){left_time -= Time.deltaTime;if(left_time<=0)reset();time1 += Time.deltaTime;time2 += Time.deltaTime;if(time1>4){time1 = 0f;for(int i = -1; i < 2;i++){GameObject new_stone = Instantiate(stone_origin,new Vector3(0,0,i*4),Quaternion.Euler(0,0,0));float random_size = Random.Range(2f,3f);new_stone.transform.localScale = new Vector3(random_size,1,random_size);StoneAction stone_action = new_stone.AddComponent<StoneAction>();stone_action.set_destination(stone_action.gameObject.transform.position + new Vector3(50,0,0));stone_action.set_speed(new Vector3(1f,0,0));float blood_rate = Random.Range(0f,1f);if(blood_rate>=0.9f){GameObject new_blood = Instantiate(blood_origin,new Vector3(0,0,i*4),Quaternion.Euler(0,0,0));new_blood.transform.parent = new_stone.transform;new_blood.transform.localPosition = new Vector3(0,0.5f,0);Click click = new_blood.AddComponent<Click>();click.set_controller(this);}}}if(time2>2){time2 = 0f;for(int i = -1; i < 2;i++){float stone_rate = Random.Range(0f,1f);if(stone_rate>=0.5f){float blood_rate = Random.Range(0f,1f);GameObject new_stone = Instantiate(stone_origin,new Vector3(-40,0,i*4) + new Vector3(0,0,17),Quaternion.Euler(0,0,0));float random_size = Random.Range(2f,3f);new_stone.transform.localScale = new Vector3(random_size,1,random_size);StoneAction stone_action = new_stone.AddComponent<StoneAction>();stone_action.set_destination(stone_action.gameObject.transform.position + new Vector3(50,0,0));stone_action.set_speed(new Vector3(2f,0,0));if(blood_rate>=0.7f){GameObject new_blood = Instantiate(blood_origin,new Vector3(0,0,i*4),Quaternion.Euler(0,0,0));new_blood.transform.parent = new_stone.transform;new_blood.transform.localPosition = new Vector3(0,0.5f,0);Click click = new_blood.AddComponent<Click>();click.set_controller(this);} }}}}public void collect(GameObject stone)// 收集血泥块{if(Vector3.Distance(role.transform.position,stone.transform.position)<2f){Destroy(stone);role.GetComponent<PlayControl>().add_blood();}}public int get_blood_num(){return role.GetComponent<PlayControl>().get_blood_num();}public bool if_double(){return role.GetComponent<PlayControl>().get_blood_num()>=3;}public bool if_dash(){return role.GetComponent<PlayControl>().get_blood_num()>=10;}public int get_pp(){return role.GetComponent<PlayControl>().get_pp();}public void reset(){left_time = 200f;role.GetComponent<PlayControl>().reset();}public int get_left_time(){return (int)left_time;}}
}

(2) MyGUI：绘制GUI

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;namespace hw_4
{public partial interface ISceneController{int get_blood_num();bool if_double();bool if_dash();int get_pp();}public class MyGUI : MonoBehaviour{private Texture cross;private SceneController controller;// Start is called before the first frame updatevoid Start(){cross = Resources.Load("hw_4/Cross") as Texture;}// Update is called once per framevoid Update(){}void OnGUI(){GUI.DrawTexture(new Rect((Screen.width-cross.width)/2,(Screen.height-cross.height)/2,cross.width,cross.height),cross);int blood_num = controller.get_blood_num();int pp = controller.get_pp();int left_time = controller.get_left_time();GUIStyle pp_text = new GUIStyle();pp_text.alignment=TextAnchor.MiddleLeft;pp_text.fontSize=30;pp_text.normal.textColor=Color.blue;string pp_string = string.Format("灵力值: {0}",pp);GUI.Label(new Rect(10,10,60,60),pp_string,pp_text);GUIStyle blood_text = new GUIStyle();blood_text.alignment=TextAnchor.MiddleLeft;blood_text.fontSize=30;blood_text.normal.textColor=Color.red;string blood_string = string.Format("血泥块数目: {0}",blood_num);GUI.Label(new Rect(10,60,60,60),blood_string,blood_text);GUIStyle time_text = new GUIStyle();time_text.alignment=TextAnchor.MiddleLeft;time_text.fontSize=30;time_text.normal.textColor=left_time>=30?Color.black:Color.red;string time_string = string.Format("剩余时间: {0} s",left_time);GUI.Label(new Rect(Screen.width-250,10,60,60),time_string,time_text);if(controller.if_double()){GUIStyle double_text = new GUIStyle();double_text.alignment=TextAnchor.MiddleLeft;double_text.fontSize=30;double_text.normal.textColor=Color.black;string double_string = string.Format("二段跳");GUI.Label(new Rect(10,110,60,60),double_string,double_text);}if(controller.if_dash()){GUIStyle dash_text = new GUIStyle();dash_text.alignment=TextAnchor.MiddleLeft;dash_text.fontSize=30;dash_text.normal.textColor=Color.black;string dash_string = string.Format("冲刺(L_shift)");GUI.Label(new Rect(10,160,60,60),dash_string,dash_text);}         }public void set_controller(SceneController c){controller = c;}}
}

(3) Click：实现点击收集血泥块的脚本

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;namespace hw_4
{public partial interface ISceneController{void collect(GameObject b);}public class Click : MonoBehaviour{ISceneController controller;    // Start is called before the first frame updatevoid Start(){}// Update is called once per framevoid Update(){}public void OnMouseDown(){controller.collect(this.gameObject);}public void set_controller(ISceneController controller){this.controller = controller;}}
}

5. 演示视频：请点击该链接进行查看

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