3D游戏编程与设计作业2-太阳系-Priests and Devils

简答题

一、游戏对象运动的本质是什么？

游戏对象的本质是游戏对象每一帧的由空间属性决定的坐标随时间发生改变，其中空间属性包括对象transform属性中的空间位置Position属性、旋转角度Rotation属性、大小Scale属性。

二、用三种以上方法实现物体的抛物线运动

1.修改游戏对象Transfrom属性中的Position
将游戏对象做平抛运动的速度分解为沿水平和竖直两个方向的分速度，在水平方向上做匀速直线运动，每单位时间变化xspeed个单位坐标，在数值方向上做初速度为0的匀加速直线运动，加速度为g，每单位时间变化yspeed个单位坐标。

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;public class move1 : MonoBehaviour {public float xspeed = 1.0;public float yspeed = 0;public int g=1;//use this for initializationvoid start(){Debug.Log("Start!");}//Update is called once per framevoid Update(){yspeed += g;this.transform.position += Vector3.right * Time.deltaTime * xspeed;this.transform.position += Vector3.down * Time.deltaTime * yspeed;}}

2.使用向量Vector
直接创建一个Vector3变量并定义其水平方向上是一个不变的数值，竖直方向上是一个从0开始均匀增加的数值，最后将游戏对象的Position属性与该Vector3相加，代码如下：

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;public class move1 : MonoBehaviour {public float xspeed = 1.0;public float yspeed = 0;public int g=1;//use this for initializationvoid start(){Debug.Log("Start!");}//Update is called once per framevoid Update(){yspeed += g;Vector3 vchange = new Vector3(Time.deltaTime * xspeed , -1 * Time.deltaTime * yspeed , 0);this.transform.position += vchange;}}

3.使用transform中的transform.Translate函数改变坐标
将方法2中的变化向量Vector3传入Translate函数，实现position的改变，代码如下：

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;public class move1 : MonoBehaviour {public float xspeed = 1.0;public float yspeed = 0;public int g=1;//use this for initializationvoid start(){Debug.Log("Start!");}//Update is called once per framevoid Update(){yspeed += g;Vector3 vchange = new Vector3(Time.deltaTime * xspeed , -1 * Time.deltaTime * yspeed , 0);this.transform.Translate(vchange);}}

三、写一个程序实现一个完整的太阳系（星球转速不同且法平面不同）

首先创建10个Sphere游戏对象，分别命名为太阳、水星、金星、地球、月球、火星、木星、土星、天王星、海王星，调整合适的位置和比例并将月球设为地球的子对象，将八大行星设为太阳的子对象。创建完成后目录结构如下：

3D视图和2D视图如下：

接着将游戏对象的贴图导入进Assets：

将贴图覆盖到游戏对象上：

并将太阳的Materials的Shader属性改为Legacy Shaders-Self Illumin - Diifuse（自发光）：

为了更贴近太阳系的真实情况（只有太阳这一自发光的光源），删除Directional Light。另外为了让太阳发出光照亮其他行星，在太阳中添加子物体Point Light,调整其颜色范围和亮度如下：

然后将Main Camera的Clear Flags属性改为Solid Color，并将背景颜色更改为黑色，完成后运行画面如下：

编写spin.cs代码文件实现各天体的法平面和速度不同的公转以及速度不同的自转，代码如下：

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;public class spin : MonoBehaviour
{// Start is called before the first frame updatevoid Start(){}// Update is called once per framevoid Update(){GameObject.Find("Sun").transform.Rotate(Vector3.up * Time.deltaTime * 5 );  //太阳自转GameObject.Find("Mercury").transform.RotateAround(Vector3.zero, new Vector3(0.1f, 1, 0), 60 * Time.deltaTime);//设置公转的方向和速度  方向轴为（0， 1， 0） 速度为 60GameObject.Find("Mercury").transform.Rotate(Vector3.up * Time.deltaTime * 10000 / 58);//设置自转 自转速度为10000/58   58是水星的自传周期GameObject.Find("Venus").transform.RotateAround(Vector3.zero, new Vector3(0, 1, -0.1f), 55 * Time.deltaTime);GameObject.Find("Venus").transform.Rotate(Vector3.up * Time.deltaTime * 10000 / 243);GameObject.Find("Earth").transform.RotateAround(Vector3.zero, new Vector3(0, 1, 0), 50 * Time.deltaTime);GameObject.Find("Earth").transform.Rotate(Vector3.up * Time.deltaTime * 10000);GameObject.Find("Moon").transform.RotateAround(Vector3.zero, new Vector3(0, 1, 0), 5 * Time.deltaTime);GameObject.Find("Moon").transform.Rotate(Vector3.up * Time.deltaTime * 10000/27);GameObject.Find("Mars").transform.RotateAround(Vector3.zero, new Vector3(0.2f, 1, 0), 45 * Time.deltaTime);GameObject.Find("Mars").transform.Rotate(Vector3.up * Time.deltaTime * 10000);GameObject.Find("Jupiter").transform.RotateAround(Vector3.zero, new Vector3(-0.1f, 2, 0), 35 * Time.deltaTime);GameObject.Find("Jupiter").transform.Rotate(Vector3.up * Time.deltaTime * 10000 / 0.3f);GameObject.Find("Saturn").transform.RotateAround(Vector3.zero, new Vector3(0, 1, 0.2f), 20 * Time.deltaTime);GameObject.Find("Saturn").transform.Rotate(Vector3.up * Time.deltaTime * 10000 / 0.4f);GameObject.Find("Uranus").transform.RotateAround(Vector3.zero, new Vector3(0, 2, 0.1f), 15 * Time.deltaTime);GameObject.Find("Uranus").transform.Rotate(Vector3.up * Time.deltaTime * 10000 / 0.6f);GameObject.Find("Neptune").transform.RotateAround(Vector3.zero, new Vector3(-0.1f, 1, -0.1f), 10 * Time.deltaTime);GameObject.Find("Neptune").transform.Rotate(Vector3.up * Time.deltaTime * 10000 / 0.7f);}
}

编写完成后将cs文件拖到Sun对象上即可。最后调整Camera的属性（位置和拍摄角度）使其能完整清晰地看到整个太阳系：

运行结果如下：

编程实践

阅读以下游戏脚本：

Priests and Devils
Priests and Devils is a puzzle game in which you will help the Priests and Devils to cross the river within the time limit . There are 3 priests and 3 devils at one side of the river . They all want to get to the other side of this river , but there is only one boat and this boat can only carry two persons each time . And there must be one person steering the boat from one side to the other side . In the flash game , you can click on them to move them and click the go buton to move the boat to the other direction . If the priests are outnumbered by the devils on either side of the river , they get killed and the game is over . You can try it in many ways . Keep al priests alive ! Good luck !

游戏中提及的事物：
&emsp&emsp牧师（3个）、魔鬼（3个）、小船（1艘）、河岸（左右两边）、河流。
用表格列出玩家动作表（规则表），动作越少越好

当前状态	玩家操作	结果
牧师或恶魔在岸边，船上有空位	玩家点击靠近船一侧岸上的恶魔或牧师	恶魔或牧师上船
牧师或恶魔在船上且船过河靠岸	玩家点击船上的恶魔或牧师	恶魔或牧师上岸
其中一侧的恶魔多于牧师		显示玩家输
恶魔和牧师全部到达河对岸		显示玩家赢

将游戏中对象做成预制
创建5个Prefab：“Boat”、“Priest”、“Devil”、“water”、“MyCoast”，创建完成后的各Prefab如下：

根据MVC架构（Model、View、Controller）：

我们首先构造一个Main空对象，并挂载MySceneController代码：

MySceneController实现游戏的初始化和每一步的加载，代码如下：

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using Com.Engine;public class MySceneController : MonoBehaviour, SceneController, UserAction{//对界面的控制readonly Vector3 water_pos = new Vector3 (0, 0.5f, 0);//初始化水的位置UserGUI user;//定义用户操作//在这个类里面需要放上需要的所有游戏对象，这样才能集中在一起管理public CoastController fromCoast;public CoastController toCoast;public BoatController boat;//private MyCharacterController[] characters;private List<MyCharacterController> team;void Update(){//Debug.Log("asd");}void Awake(){Director director = Director.get_Instance ();//实例化导演director.curren = this;user = gameObject.AddComponent<UserGUI> () as UserGUI;//添加GUI控制//characters = new MyCharacterController[6];team = new List<MyCharacterController>();loadResources ();}public void loadResources(){//资源的初始化加载GameObject water = Instantiate (Resources.Load ("Prefabs/water", typeof(GameObject)), water_pos, Quaternion.identity, null) as GameObject;water.name = "water";fromCoast = new CoastController ("from");toCoast = new CoastController ("to");boat = new BoatController ();for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {//对人物的加载MyCharacterController tem = new MyCharacterController ("priest");tem.setName ("priest" + i);tem.setPosition (fromCoast.getEmptyPosition ());tem.getOnCoast (fromCoast);fromCoast.getOnCoast (tem);team.Add (tem);}for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {MyCharacterController tem = new MyCharacterController ("devil");tem.setName ("devil" + i);tem.setPosition (fromCoast.getEmptyPosition ());tem.getOnCoast (fromCoast);fromCoast.getOnCoast (tem);team.Add (tem);}}public void moveboat(){if (boat.IfEmpty ())return;boat.boatMove ();//check whether game overuser.if_win_or_not = checkGameOver();}public void isClickChar (MyCharacterController tem_char){if (moveable.cn_move == 1)return;if (tem_char._isOnBoat ()) {CoastController tem_coast;if (boat.getTFflag () == -1) {tem_coast = toCoast;} else {tem_coast = fromCoast;}boat.getOffBoat (tem_char.getName ());tem_char.moveToPosition (tem_coast.getEmptyPosition ());tem_char.getOnCoast (tem_coast);tem_coast.getOnCoast (tem_char);} else {CoastController tem_coast2 = tem_char.getCoastController ();if (boat.getEmptyIndex () == -1)return;if (boat.getTFflag () != tem_coast2.getTFflag ())return;tem_coast2.getOffCoast (tem_char.getName());tem_char.moveToPosition (boat.getEmptyPosition ());tem_char.getOnBoat (boat);boat.getOnBoat (tem_char);}//check whether game over;user.if_win_or_not = checkGameOver();}public void restart(){boat.reset ();fromCoast.reset ();toCoast.reset ();foreach (MyCharacterController i in team) {i.reset ();}moveable.cn_move = 0;}public void pause(){boat.Mypause ();foreach (MyCharacterController i in team) {i.Mypause();}}public void Coninu (){boat.MyConti ();foreach (MyCharacterController i in team) {i.MyConti();}}private int checkGameOver(){if (moveable.cn_move == 1)return 0;int from_priest = 0;int from_devil = 0;int to_priest = 0;int to_devil = 0;int[] from_count = fromCoast.getCharacterNum ();from_priest = from_count [0];from_devil = from_count [1];int[] to_count = toCoast.getCharacterNum ();to_priest = to_count [0];to_devil = to_count [1];if (to_devil + to_priest == 6)return 1;//you winint[] boat_count = boat.getCharacterNum();if (boat.getTFflag () == 1) {from_priest += boat_count [0];from_devil += boat_count [1];} else {to_priest += boat_count [0];to_devil += boat_count [1];}if (from_priest < from_devil && from_priest > 0)return -1;//you loseif(to_priest < to_devil && to_priest > 0)return -1;//you losereturn 0;//not yet finish}}

然后我们需要定义一个导演类Director来实现以下功能：

1.获取当前游戏的场景；
2.控制场景运行、切换、入栈与出栈；
3.暂停、恢复、退出；
4.管理游戏全局状态；
5.设定游戏的配置；
6.设定游戏全局视图。

还有movable类来实现游戏对象的移动，CoastController类控制河岸的初始化和响应，CharacterController类控制游戏对象的初始化和对点击事件及游戏状态的响应，BoatController类控制船的初始化和响应。因为这几个类的结构和功能都比较相近所以整合在一个cs文件Base,cs中。具体代码如下：

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;namespace Com.Engine
{public class Director: System.Object{private static Director _instance;//实例化唯一的一个导演来控制public SceneController curren{ get; set;}public static Director get_Instance(){if (_instance == null){_instance = new Director();}return _instance;}}public interface SceneController{void loadResources();}public interface UserAction{//用户行为接口void moveboat();void isClickChar (MyCharacterController tem_char);void restart();void pause();void Coninu ();}//------------moveable---------------------------public class moveable: MonoBehaviour//对移动这一事件的控制{readonly float move_speed = 20;private int move_to_where;//0->not move, 1->to middle, 2->to destinationprivate Vector3 dest;private Vector3 middle;public static int cn_move = 0;//0->can move, 1->cant movevoid Update(){if (cn_move == 1)return;else{if(move_to_where == 1){transform.position = Vector3.MoveTowards(transform.position, middle, move_speed*Time.deltaTime);if (transform.position == middle)move_to_where = 2;}else if(move_to_where == 2){transform.position = Vector3.MoveTowards(transform.position, dest, move_speed*Time.deltaTime);if (transform.position == dest)move_to_where = 0;}}}public void SetDestination(Vector3 _dest){if (cn_move == 1)return;else{middle = _dest;dest = _dest;if (_dest.y < transform.position.y) {middle.y = transform.position.y;} else {middle.x = transform.position.x;}move_to_where = 1;}}public void reset(){if (cn_move == 1)return;else{move_to_where = 0;}}}//-----------CoastController---------------------public class CoastController{//对河岸的控制readonly GameObject coast;readonly Vector3 from_pos = new Vector3(9,1,0);//右岸的位置readonly Vector3 to_pos = new Vector3(-9,1,0);//左岸的位置readonly Vector3[] postion;//岸上的人物站的位置readonly int TFflag;//-1->to, 1->fromprivate MyCharacterController[] passengerPlaner;//河岸上的魔鬼与牧师public CoastController(string to_or_from){postion = new Vector3[] {//初始化人物可以站的位置new Vector3 (6.5f, 2.25f, 0),new Vector3 (7.5f, 2.25f, 0),new Vector3 (8.5f, 2.25f, 0),new Vector3 (9.5f, 2.25f, 0),new Vector3 (10.5f, 2.25f, 0),new Vector3 (11.5f, 2.25f, 0)};passengerPlaner = new MyCharacterController[6];//一个河岸最多6个人物if(to_or_from == "from"){//创建河岸coast = Object.Instantiate(Resources.Load("Prefabs/Mycoast", typeof(GameObject)), from_pos, Quaternion.identity, null) as GameObject;coast.name = "from";TFflag = 1;}else{coast = Object.Instantiate(Resources.Load("Prefabs/Mycoast", typeof(GameObject)), to_pos, Quaternion.identity, null) as GameObject;coast.name = "to";TFflag = -1;}}public int getTFflag(){return TFflag;}public MyCharacterController getOffCoast(string object_name){for(int i=0; i<passengerPlaner.Length; i++){if(passengerPlaner[i] != null && passengerPlaner[i].getName() == object_name){MyCharacterController myCharacter = passengerPlaner[i];passengerPlaner[i] = null;return myCharacter;}}return null;}public int getEmptyIndex(){for(int i=0; i<passengerPlaner.Length; i++){if(passengerPlaner[i] == null){return i;}}return -1;}public Vector3 getEmptyPosition(){int index = getEmptyIndex();Vector3 pos = postion[index];pos.x *= TFflag;return pos;}public void getOnCoast(MyCharacterController myCharacter){int index = getEmptyIndex();passengerPlaner[index] = myCharacter;}public int[] getCharacterNum(){int[] count = {0,0};for(int i=0; i<passengerPlaner.Length; i++){if(passengerPlaner[i] == null) continue;if(passengerPlaner[i].getType() == 0) count[0]++;else count[1]++;}return count;}public void reset(){passengerPlaner = new MyCharacterController[6];}}//-----------CharacterController-----------------public class MyCharacterController{//对人物的定义，包括魔鬼与牧师readonly GameObject character;readonly moveable Cmove;readonly ClickGUI clickgui;readonly int Ctype;//0->priset, 1->devilprivate bool isOnboat;private CoastController coastcontroller;public MyCharacterController(string Myname){if(Myname == "priest"){character = Object.Instantiate(Resources.Load("Prefabs/Priest", typeof(GameObject)), Vector3.zero, Quaternion.identity,null) as GameObject;Ctype = 0;}else{character = Object.Instantiate(Resources.Load("Prefabs/Devil", typeof(GameObject)), Vector3.zero, Quaternion.identity,null) as GameObject;Ctype = 1;}Cmove = character.AddComponent(typeof(moveable)) as moveable;clickgui = character.AddComponent(typeof(ClickGUI)) as ClickGUI;clickgui.setController(this);}public int getType(){return Ctype;}public void setName(string name){character.name = name;}public string getName(){return character.name;}public void setPosition(Vector3 postion){character.transform.position = postion;}public void moveToPosition(Vector3 _dest){Cmove.SetDestination (_dest);}public void getOnBoat(BoatController tem_boat){coastcontroller = null;character.transform.parent = tem_boat.getGameObject ().transform;isOnboat = true;}public void getOnCoast(CoastController coastCon){coastcontroller = coastCon;character.transform.parent = null;isOnboat = false;}public bool _isOnBoat(){return isOnboat;}public CoastController getCoastController(){return coastcontroller;}public void reset(){Cmove.reset ();coastcontroller = (Director.get_Instance ().curren as MySceneController).fromCoast;getOnCoast(coastcontroller);setPosition (coastcontroller.getEmptyPosition ());coastcontroller.getOnCoast (this);}public void Mypause(){moveable.cn_move = 1;}public void MyConti(){moveable.cn_move = 0;}}//------------------------------BoatController--------------------------------------public class BoatController{//对船的行为等的定义readonly GameObject boat;readonly moveable Cmove;readonly Vector3 fromPos = new Vector3 (5, 1, 0);//船靠岸时在左岸与右岸的位置readonly Vector3 toPos = new Vector3 (-5, 1, 0);readonly Vector3[] from_pos;//船上的位置readonly Vector3[] to_pos;private int TFflag;//-1->to, 1->fromprivate MyCharacterController[] passenger = new MyCharacterController[2];//船上同时最多2人public BoatController(){TFflag = 1;from_pos = new Vector3[]{ new Vector3 (4.5f, 1.5f, 0), new Vector3 (5.5f, 1.5f, 0) };//初始化船在两岸时人物可站的位置to_pos = new Vector3[]{ new Vector3 (-5.5f, 1.5f, 0), new Vector3 (-4.5f, 1.5f, 0) };boat = Object.Instantiate (Resources.Load ("Prefabs/Boat", typeof(GameObject)), fromPos, Quaternion.identity, null) as GameObject;boat.name = "boat";Cmove = boat.AddComponent (typeof(moveable)) as moveable;boat.AddComponent (typeof(ClickGUI));}public void boatMove(){if (TFflag == 1) {Cmove.SetDestination (toPos);TFflag = -1;} else {Cmove.SetDestination (fromPos);TFflag = 1;}}public void getOnBoat(MyCharacterController tem_cha){int index = getEmptyIndex ();passenger [index] = tem_cha;}public MyCharacterController getOffBoat(string object_name){for (int i = 0; i < passenger.Length; i++) {if (passenger [i] != null && passenger [i].getName () == object_name) {MyCharacterController temp_character = passenger [i];passenger [i] = null;return temp_character;}}return null;}public int getEmptyIndex(){for (int i = 0; i < passenger.Length; i++) {if (passenger [i] == null)return i;}return -1;}public bool IfEmpty(){for (int i = 0; i < passenger.Length; i++) {if (passenger [i] != null)return false;}return true;}public Vector3 getEmptyPosition(){Vector3 pos;int index = getEmptyIndex ();if (TFflag == 1) {pos = from_pos [index];} else {pos = to_pos [index];}return pos;}public GameObject getGameObject(){return boat;}public int getTFflag(){return TFflag;}public int[] getCharacterNum(){int[] count = { 0, 0 };for (int i = 0; i < passenger.Length; i++) {if (passenger [i] == null)continue;if (passenger [i].getType () == 0) {count [0]++;} else {count [1]++;}}return count;}public void reset(){Cmove.reset ();if (TFflag == -1) {boatMove ();}passenger = new MyCharacterController[2];}public void Mypause(){moveable.cn_move = 1;}public void MyConti(){moveable.cn_move = 0;}}
}

ClickGUI用来实现鼠标点击事件的响应：

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using Com.Engine;public class ClickGUI : MonoBehaviour {// Use this for initializationUserAction action;MyCharacterController character;public void setController(MyCharacterController tem){character = tem;}void Start(){action = Director.get_Instance ().curren as UserAction;}void OnMouseDown(){if (gameObject.name == "boat") {action.moveboat ();} else {action.isClickChar (character);}}
}

UserGUI用来搭建玩家交互界面：

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.UI;
using System;
using Com.Engine;public class UserGUI : MonoBehaviour {//用户可操作的行为事件private UserAction action;private GUIStyle MyStyle;//对界面（字体等）的控制private GUIStyle MyButtonStyle;public int if_win_or_not;private int t = 60;private int now, init;public Text lab;private void Update(){/*int temptime = (int)Time.time;now = init - temptime;lab.text = ctt(now);tt += Time.deltaTime;if (tt > 1){t--;GUI.Label(new Rect(10, 10, Screen.width / 8, 30), "" + t);}*/}string ctt(int s){int h = s / 3600;int m = (s - h * 300) / 60;int se = s % 60;return string.Format("{0:D2}", se);}void Start(){action = Director.get_Instance ().curren as UserAction;MyStyle = new GUIStyle ();MyStyle.fontSize = 40;MyStyle.normal.textColor = new Color (255f, 0, 0);MyStyle.alignment = TextAnchor.MiddleCenter;MyButtonStyle = new GUIStyle ("button");MyButtonStyle.fontSize = 30;init = 60;now = 60;//t = 60;//ctt(now);}void reStart(){if (GUI.Button (new Rect (Screen.width/2-Screen.width/8, Screen.height/2+100, 150, 50), "Restart", MyButtonStyle)) {if_win_or_not = 0;action.restart ();moveable.cn_move = 0;}//t = 60;}void IsPause(){//创建暂停与继续键，实际上是没有必要的/*if (GUI.Button (new Rect (Screen.width / 2 - 350, Screen.height / 2 + 100, 150, 50), "Pause", MyButtonStyle)) {if (moveable.cn_move == 0) {action.pause ();moveable.cn_move = 1;} } else if (GUI.Button (new Rect (Screen.width-Screen.width/2, Screen.height / 2 + 100, 150, 50), "Continue", MyButtonStyle)) {if (moveable.cn_move == 1) {action.Coninu();moveable.cn_move = 0;}}*/}private float tt = 0;void OnGUI(){IsPause ();reStart ();if(moveable.cn_move == 1)GUI.Label (new Rect (Screen.width/2-Screen.width/8, 50, 100, 50), "Pausing", MyStyle);if (if_win_or_not == -1) {GUI.Label (new Rect (Screen.width/2-Screen.width/8, 50, 100, 50), "Game Over!!!", MyStyle);IsPause ();reStart ();} else if (if_win_or_not == 1) {GUI.Label (new Rect (Screen.width/2-Screen.width/8, 50, 100, 50), "You Win!!!", MyStyle);IsPause ();reStart ();}}
}

游戏运行结果如下：