uber

by Dmytro Brovkin

由Dmytro Brovkin

Uber是如何制成的 (How Uber was made)

Uber has transformed the world. Indeed, its inconceivable to think of a world without the convenience of the innovative ride sharing service. Tracing its origins in a market which is constantly being deregulated, Uber has emerged triumphant. Operating in over 58 countries and valued roughly at US$ 66 billion, Uber has rapidly expanded to established branches in over 581 cities in over 82 countries with the United States, Brazil, China, Mexico and India being Uber’s most active countries.

优步改变了世界。 的确，如果没有创新的乘车共享服务的便利，就无法想象一个世界。 在不断放松管制的市场中追踪其起源，Uber取得了胜利。 Uber在超过58个国家/地区开展业务，价值约660亿美元，已Swift扩展至82个国家/地区的581个城市中的分支机构，其中美国，巴西，中国，墨西哥和印度是Uber最活跃的国家/地区。

If that wasn’t impressive enough, in 2016 the company completed a total of 2 billion rides in one week. When you consider the fact that the first billion rides took Uber 6 years, and the second billion was garnered in a mere 6 months, it’s not surprising to see Uber emerge as a global business leader. This worldwide phenomenon is built on a simple idea, seductive in its premise - the ability to hail a car with nothing but your smartphone.

如果这还不够令人印象深刻，那么在2016年，该公司将在一周内完成20亿次骑行 。 考虑到Uber最初的10亿骑行花费了6年时间，而第二十亿次骑行仅用了6个月就获得了一个事实，因此看到Uber成为全球业务领导者就不足为奇了。 这种全球现象是建立在一个简单的想法上的，它的前提是很诱人-可以用智能手机来叫车。

It took the problem of hailing a taxi and gave everyone an equitable solution while further capitalizing on the emerging market. And smart people are asking the right question: How do I build an app like Uber for my business needs?

它解决了招呼出租车的问题，为所有人提供了一个公平的解决方案，同时进一步利用了新兴市场。 聪明的人在问一个正确的问题： 如何为我的业务需求构建像Uber这样的应用程序？

卑微的开始 (Humble Beginnings)

It all started in 2008, with the founders of Uber discussing the future of tech at a conference. By 2010, Uber officially launched in San Francisco. In 6 months, they had 6,000 users and provided roughly 20,000 rides. What was the key to their success? For one, Uber’s founders focused on attracting both drivers and riders simultaneously. San Francisco was the heart of the tech community in the US and was thus the perfect sounding board for this form of technological innovation to thrive.

这一切始于2008年，Uber的创始人在一次会议上讨论了科技的未来。 到2010年，Uber在旧金山正式启动。 在6个月内，他们拥有6,000位用户，并提供了大约20,000次乘坐。 他们成功的关键是什么？ 首先，Uber的创始人专注于同时吸引驾驶员和车手。 旧金山是美国科技界的心脏，因此，是这种形式的技术创新蓬勃发展的理想之选。

In the beginning, Uber spread their App through word of mouth, hosting and sponsoring tech events, and giving participants of their events free rides with their app. This form of go-to-marketing persists today - giving 50% discounts to new riders for their first Uber ride. This initial discount incentivized users to become long term riders, and the rest was history. As more and more people took to social media to tell the world about this innovative new App - the sheer brilliance of their marketing strategy paid off.

最初，Uber通过口口相传来推广其应用程序，主办和赞助技术活动，并通过其应用程序为活动参与者提供免费乘车服务。 这种行销方式一直持续到今天-首次骑优步给新骑手提供50％的折扣。 最初的折扣激励用户成为长期骑手，其余的就是历史。 随着越来越多的人进入社交媒体向世界介绍这个创新的新应用程序，他们出色的营销策略获得了回报。

产品技术凝聚力：Uber的运作方式 (Product Technology Cohesion: How Uber Works)

What makes Uber, Uber? For one, it’s the ubiquitous appeal, or the way in which they streamlined their product, software and technology. It was, at the start, fresh, innovative, and had never been seen before. So if one were to replicate the model, they’d need to look at Uber’s branding strategy.

是什么让Uber，Uber？ 首先，这是无处不在的吸引力，或者是他们简化产品，软件和技术的方式。 一开始它是新鲜的，创新的，而且从未见过。 因此，如果要复制该模型，他们需要研究Uber的品牌战略。

To use Uber, you have to download the app, which launched first on iPhone, then extended to Android and Blackberry.

要使用Uber，您必须下载该应用程序，该应用程序首先在iPhone上启动，然后扩展到Android和Blackberry。

Uber’s co-founders, Garret Camp and Travis Kalanick, relied heavily on 6 key technologies based on iOS and Android geolocation. What really sold it though, was its clear core value - the ability to map and track all available taxis in your given area. All other interactions are based on this core value - and its what sets Uber (and will set your app) apart from the crowd. To build an App like Uber, you’ll need to have:

Uber的联合创始人Garret Camp和Travis Kalanick严重依赖基于iOS和Android地理位置的6种关键技术。 真正卖出它的是它的明确核心价值-能够绘制和跟踪给定区域中所有可用出租车的功能。 所有其他互动均基于此核心价值-以及它与众不同的地方在于，它使Uber(并将使您的应用程序)脱颖而出。 要构建像Uber这样的应用程序，您需要具备以下条件：

1. Registering/Log-in features: Uber allows you to register with your first name, last name, phone number and preferred language. Once you’ve signed up, they’ll send you an SMS to verify your number, which will then allow you to set your payment preferences. Trip fares are charged after every ride through this cashless system.

1.注册/登录功能： Uber允许您使用名字，姓氏，电话号码和首选语言进行注册。 注册后，他们会向您发送短信以验证您的电话号码，然后您可以设置自己的付款偏好。 每次乘坐此无现金系统乘车后，均需支付旅行费用。

2. Booking features: This allows drivers the option to accept or deny incoming ride requests and get information on the current location and destination of the customer.

2.预订功能：驾驶员可以选择接受或拒绝传入的乘车请求并获取有关客户当前位置和目的地的信息。

3. The ability to Identify a Device’s location: Uber, via CoreLocation framework (for iOS platforms) obtains the geographic location and orientation of a device to schedule location and delivery. Understanding iOS and Android geolocation features is crucial for this step, because that’s what your App is running on.

3.识别设备位置的能力： Uber通过CoreLocation框架 (适用于iOS平台)获取设备的地理位置和方向以安排位置和交付。 了解iOS和Android地理位置功能对于此步骤至关重要，因为这就是您的应用程序所运行的。

4. Point to Point Directions: The Uber App provides directions to both the driver and the user. Developers of the Uber App use MapKit for iOS and Google Maps Android API for Android to calculate the route and make directions available. They further implemented Google Maps for iPhone and Android, but cleverly adapted technology from other mapping companies to solve any logistical issues that might come up.

4.点对点路线： Uber应用程序向驾驶员和用户提供路线。 Uber App的开发人员使用iOS版MapKit和Android版Google Maps Android API来计算路线并提供路线。 他们进一步实施了适用于iPhone和Android的Google Maps，但巧妙地采用了其他制图公司的技术来解决可能出现的任何物流问题。

5. Push Notifications and SMS: You get up to 3 notifications instantly from Uber when you book a ride.

5.推送通知和短信：预订行程时，您会立即从Uber即时收到3条通知。

• A notification telling you when the driver accepts your request通知告知您驾驶员何时接受您的请求
• One when the driver is close to your location当驾驶员靠近您的位置时一个
• One in the off chance your ride has been cancelled一个偶然的机会您的旅程已被取消

You further get the full update on your driver’s status, down to the vehicle make and license number, and an ETA on the taxi’s time of arrival.

您还将获得有关驾驶员身份的完整更新，包括车辆制造商和许可证号，以及出租车到达时间的预计到达时间。

6. Price Calculator: Uber offers a cashless payment system, paying drivers automatically after every ride, processed through the user’s credit card. Uber takes 25% of the driver’s fare, making for easy profit. They paired with Braintree, a world leader in the mobile payment industry, but other good options avaible are Stripe, or Paypal, via Card.io.

6.价格计算器： Uber提供了一种无现金支付系统，每次乘车后自动通过驾驶员的信用卡付款给驾驶员。 优步收取驾驶员票价的25％，从而轻松获利。 他们与移动支付行业的全球领导者Braintree配对，但其他可用的好选择是通过Card.io的 Stripe或Paypal。

Here are few more much sought after features for the user’s side of the App:

以下是针对应用程序用户方面的更多追捧功能：

• The ability to see the driver’s profile and status: Your customers will feel safer being able to see your driver’s verification, and it’s makes good security sense to ensure you know who’s using your App for profit.

  查看驾驶员个人资料和状态的能力：您的客户能够看到驾驶员的身份验证会更安全，并且从安全性的角度出发，确保您知道谁在使用您的应用程序是牟利的。

• The ability to receive alerts: Receive immediate notifications about the status of your ride and any cancellations.

  接收警报的能力：接收有关您的乘车状态和任何取消的即时通知。

• The ability to see the route from Their Phones (An In built Navigation system): This is intrinsically linked to your geolocation features, you want to be able to direct your taxis to the quickest, most available routes.

  可以从其电话查看路线的功能(内置导航系统)：这与您的地理位置功能紧密相关，您希望能够将出租车引导到最快，最可用的路线。

• Price calculation: Calculating a price on demand and implementing a cashless payment system.

  价格计算：计算按需价格并实施无现金支付系统。

• A “spilt fare” option: Uber introduced this option wit great success. It allows friends to spilt the price of the ride.

  “加价”选项： Uber引入此选项取得了巨大成功。 它可以让朋友们大跌眼镜的价格。

• Requesting previous drivers: It’s a little like having your favourite taxi man on speed dial, and is a good way of ensuring repeat customers.

  要求以前的驾驶员：这有点像让您最喜欢的出租车司机快速拨号，这是确保回头客的好方法。

• Waitlist instead of surge pricing: Avoid the media hassle of employing surge pricing by employing a wait list feature, so your users can be added to a waiting list rather than be charged more than they should, and to keep them from refreshing the App during peak hours, reducing the resources required by your backend infrastructure.

  等待列表而不是激增定价：通过使用等待列表功能避免媒体采用激增定价的麻烦，因此可以将用户添加到等待列表中，而不是向他们收取不必要的费用，并防止他们在高峰期刷新应用程序小时，从而减少了后端基础架构所需的资源。

Another key to Uber’s success, that should be noted by potential developers of similar Apps, is the way in which Uber operates. They tap into more than one market which equates to more riders, more drivers, and more business for the company. Uber has mastered the art of localization - the ability to beat out pre-existing markets and competitors, which further retains their customer base by improving their own business strategy.

类似应用程序的潜在开发人员应注意，Uber成功的另一个关键是Uber的运营方式。 他们打入了不止一个市场，这等于意味着更多的车手，更多的驾驶员以及公司的更多业务。 Uber掌握了本地化的技巧-击败现有的市场和竞争对手的能力，从而通过改进自己的业务策略来进一步保留其客户群。

They’ve taken local context and circumstances into consideration. For example, they partnered with Paypal in November 2013 to provide as many people in Germany don’t use credit cards, and switched to services based on SMS messages in Asia as there are more people but fewer smart phones per capita. This helps them cater to various markets and and optimize profits.

他们考虑了当地情况和情况。 例如，他们在2013年11月与贝宝(Paypal)合作，为尽可能多的德国人不使用信用卡提供服务，并在亚洲转而使用基于SMS消息的服务，因为人均使用智能手机的人数有所增加。 这有助于他们迎合各种市场并优化利润。

The Uber marketing strategy isn’t static - it’s dynamic. Expansion was necessary, and the business model reaps profits from saturating the taxi market with their customers and drivers, driving their exponential growth. What aspiring App developers can take from this is that you need to design your App for flexibility.

Uber的营销策略不是静态的，而是动态的。 扩展是必要的，并且商业模式通过与客户和驾驶员一起使出租车市场饱和，从而推动其指数级增长而获得利润。 有抱负的App开发人员可以从中得到的是，您需要设计自己的App以提高灵活性。

Design your App in a way that’s going to let it take a hit and roll with punches. Having a system in place that allows you to build and integrate changes effectively within the App and allows team members to communicate effectively is of paramount importance.

设计您的应用程序的方式可以使其一劳永逸。 拥有一个可让您在App中有效构建和集成更改并允许团队成员有效沟通的系统至关重要。

What made Uber so successful was its ability to reshape how we think about technology and its operation. Indeed it made the market a better, more efficient place through the innovative on-demand service.

优步之所以如此成功，是因为它具有重塑我们对技术及其运营的看法的能力。 实际上，通过创新的按需服务，它使市场成为了更好，更高效的地方。

优步基于什么技术？ (What Technology is Uber Built on?)

The tech side of the App is written largely in JavaScript which is also used to calculate supply and predict demand. With the real time dispatch systems being built on Node.js and Redis. Java, as well as Objective-C is used for the iPhone and Android apps. Twilio is the force behind Uber’s text messages, and push notifications are implemented through Apple Push Notifications Service on the iOS platform and Google Cloud Messaging (GCM) for the Android App.

该应用程序的技术方面主要是用JavaScript编写的，JavaScript还用于计算供应量和预测需求。 借助基于Node.js和Redis构建的实时调度系统。 Java和Objective-C用于iPhone和Android应用程序。 Twilio是Uber短信背后的力量，而推送通知则通过iOS平台上的Apple Push Notifications Service和Android应用程序的Google Cloud Messaging (GCM)实现。

优步赚多少钱？ (How much does Uber make?)

Actually, it’s a lot less than you think. The $66 billion valuation, after the 25% commission (which rounds out to about $0.19 per ride) mostly goes towards credit card processing, interest, tax, compensation for employees, customer support, marketing, and various anti-fraud efforts.

实际上，它比您想象的要少得多。 这笔660亿美元的估值，在收取25％的佣金(每次骑车约合0.19美元)之后，主要用于信用卡处理，利息，税金，员工薪酬，客户支持，市场营销以及各种反欺诈工作。

建立Uber需要多少钱？ (How much does it take to build Uber?)

Uber’s not just one App, it’s two - one for the rider and one for the driver. The cost of developing an App like Uber is dependent on a number of factors

Uber不仅是一个应用程序，还包括两个应用程序-一个供车手使用，一个供驾驶员使用。 开发像Uber这样的App的成本取决于许多因素

• the cost of building an MVP建立MVP的成本
• product development and acquisition产品开发与收购
• getting the economics of marketing sorted整理营销经济学
• the constant cost of building on and improving your App’s analytic capabilities建立和改善您的应用程序分析能力的持续成本

When you make an App like Uber, you’ll invest a fair bit into design services, backend and web development, project management, not to mention Android and iOS native app development. The total man hours round out to around 5000 hours for similar on demand taxi Apps, which puts the cost of developing such an App to around $50,000 (assuming that your team works for $50 dollars an hour). However, since hourly rates roughly range from $20 to $150, median costs could be higher or lower.

当您制作像Uber这样的应用程序时，您将在设计服务，后端和Web开发，项目管理上投入大量资金，更不用说Android和iOS本机应用程序开发了。 对于类似的按需出租车应用程序，总工时约为5000小时，这使得开发此类应用程序的成本约为50,000美元(假设您的团队每小时工作成本为50美元)。 但是，由于每小时费用大约在20到150美元之间，因此中位数费用可能会更高或更低。

结论 (Conclusion)

To wrap up, Ubers success was due to several factors, including a clear business model and interaction based features, and not the other way around combined with a marketing strategy focusing on attracting users.

最后，优步的成功归因于多个因素，包括清晰的业务模型和基于交互的功能，而不是与专注于吸引用户的营销策略相结合。

The question on everyone’s mind of course is how can you reduce the overall risk of failure by making sure that your idea and product are viable when you’re developing an App?

当然，每个人都会想到的问题是，如何在开发应用程序时确保想法和产品可行，从而如何降低整体失败的风险？

One way is to use a Mobile App development partner (such as Octodev) that has worked on many such Apps and understands the processes involved. An advance of using such a partner is they’ve worked on many such App development projects and have the practical experience in product development to avoid the pitfalls and make the most of your vision.

一种方法是使用移动应用程序开发合作伙伴(例如Octodev )，该合作伙伴已经在许多此类应用程序上工作并了解所涉及的流程。 使用这样的合作伙伴的先驱是他们已经参与了许多此类App开发项目，并在产品开发方面具有实践经验，从而避免了陷阱并充分利用了您的视野。

Another important part of ensuring that your App development project is swiftly and smoothly executed is having a clear road map and regular communication during the project. There are many approaches to achieve this and we, at Octodev, use a consultative approach to App development. We draw from our successful App implementations. Get in touch with us now if you want an accurate cost for your own Uber like App idea.

确保您的App开发项目能够快速，顺利地执行的另一个重要部分是，在项目期间要有清晰的路线图并定期进行沟通。 有许多方法可以实现这一目标，在Octodev，我们使用咨询方法进行App开发。 我们借鉴了成功的App实施。 如果您想为自己的Uber(例如App想法)获得准确的价格，请立即与我们联系 。

This article was originally published on the Octodev Blog.

本文最初发表在Octodev Blog上 。

翻译自: https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/how-uber-was-made-da3c631066d0/

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