原理

太多了，看这些博客吧
主要参考博客1: http://blog.csdn.net/hjimce/article/details/45716603
主要参考博客2: http://blog.csdn.net/wd1603926823/article/details/49867069
主要参考博客3: http://blog.csdn.net/baimafujinji/article/details/46787837

代码示例

#include <iostream>
#include <math.h>
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui_c.h> using namespace std;
using namespace cv;#define elif else if
#define ATD at<double>// 图像水平梯度的正向计算，即img（i，j+1）-img（i，j）
// img：要计算其梯度的图像
Mat getGradientXp(Mat &img)
{int height = img.rows;int width = img.cols;Mat casimg = repeat(img, 1, 2);  // repeat the input img for two times, they are horizontally arranged.Rect roi = Rect(1, 0, width, height);Mat roimat = casimg(roi);      // roimat is the version of img that the first column is in the last one, the other columns move one column forward.return roimat - img;            // img(i, j + 1) - img(i, j)
}// 图像垂直梯度的正向计算，即img（i+1，j）-img（i，j）
// img：要计算其梯度的图像
Mat getGradientYp(Mat &img)
{int height = img.rows;int width = img.cols;Mat casimg = repeat(img, 2, 1);  // repeat the input img for two times, they are vertically arranged.Rect roi = Rect(0, 1, width, height);Mat roimat = casimg(roi);        // roimat is the version of img that the first row is in the last one, the other rows move one row forward.return roimat - img;         // img(i + 1, j) - img(i, j)
}// 图像水平梯度的负向计算，即img（i，j-1）-img（i，j）
// img：要计算其梯度的图像
Mat getGradientXn(Mat &img) {int height = img.rows;int width = img.cols;Mat casimg = repeat(img, 1, 2);  // repeat the input img for two times, they are horizontally arranged.Rect roi = Rect(width - 1, 0, width, height);Mat roimat = casimg(roi);      // roimat is the version of img that the last column is in the first one, the other columns move one column backward.return roimat - img;           // img(i, j - 1) - img(i, j)
}// 图像垂直梯度的负向计算，即img（i-1，j）-img（i，j）
// img：要计算其梯度的图像
Mat getGradientYn(Mat &img)
{int height = img.rows;int width = img.cols;Mat casimg = repeat(img, 2, 1);  // repeat the input img for two times, they are vertically arranged.Rect roi = Rect(0, height - 1, width, height);Mat roimat = casimg(roi);       // roimat is the version of img that the last row is in the first one, the other rows move one row backward.return roimat - img;            // img(i - 1, j) - img(i, j)
}int getLabel(int i, int j, int height, int width)
{return i * width + j;         // i is in height axis; j is in width axis.
}// 得到矩阵A
Mat getA(int height, int width)
{Mat A = Mat::eye(height * width, height * width, CV_64FC1);A *= -4;// M: the label matrix of roi from im2; divede M into three parts, 0,1,2, respectively.// 0: the corners of roi// 1: boundaries but not corners// 2: inner part of roi// different parts represent different methods to asssign A valuesMat M = Mat::zeros(height, width, CV_64FC1);Mat temp = Mat::ones(height, width - 2, CV_64FC1);Rect roi = Rect(1, 0, width - 2, height);Mat roimat = M(roi);temp.copyTo(roimat);temp = Mat::ones(height - 2, width, CV_64FC1);roi = Rect(0, 1, width, height - 2);roimat = M(roi);temp.copyTo(roimat);temp = Mat::ones(height - 2, width - 2, CV_64FC1);temp *= 2;roi = Rect(1, 1, width - 2, height - 2);roimat = M(roi);temp.copyTo(roimat);// get Matrix Afor (int i = 0; i < height; i++) {for (int j = 0; j < width; j++) {// get index of M(i,j)int label = getLabel(i, j, height, width);// when M(i,j) is the corner, assign coeffients to Aif (M.ATD(i, j) == 0){if (i == 0)  A.ATD(getLabel(i + 1, j, height, width), label) = 1;              // left upperelif(i == height - 1)   A.ATD(getLabel(i - 1, j, height, width), label) = 1;    // right upperif (j == 0)  A.ATD(getLabel(i, j + 1, height, width), label) = 1;             // left lowerelif(j == width - 1)   A.ATD(getLabel(i, j - 1, height, width), label) = 1;     // right lower}// when M(i,j) is the boundary but not corner, assign coeffients to Aelif(M.ATD(i, j) == 1){if (i == 0) {A.ATD(getLabel(i + 1, j, height, width), label) = 1;A.ATD(getLabel(i, j - 1, height, width), label) = 1;A.ATD(getLabel(i, j + 1, height, width), label) = 1;}elif(i == height - 1) {A.ATD(getLabel(i - 1, j, height, width), label) = 1;A.ATD(getLabel(i, j - 1, height, width), label) = 1;A.ATD(getLabel(i, j + 1, height, width), label) = 1;}if (j == 0) {A.ATD(getLabel(i, j + 1, height, width), label) = 1;A.ATD(getLabel(i - 1, j, height, width), label) = 1;A.ATD(getLabel(i + 1, j, height, width), label) = 1;}elif(j == width - 1) {A.ATD(getLabel(i, j - 1, height, width), label) = 1;A.ATD(getLabel(i - 1, j, height, width), label) = 1;A.ATD(getLabel(i + 1, j, height, width), label) = 1;}}// when M(i,j) is the inner point, assign coeffients to Aelse {A.ATD(getLabel(i, j - 1, height, width), label) = 1;A.ATD(getLabel(i, j + 1, height, width), label) = 1;A.ATD(getLabel(i - 1, j, height, width), label) = 1;A.ATD(getLabel(i + 1, j, height, width), label) = 1;}}}return A;
}// 计算b
// 使用getGradient函数。
Mat getB2(Mat &img1, Mat &img2, int posX, int posY, Rect ROI)
{// calculate the divergence of img1Mat MergeGradXp = getGradientXp(img1);Mat GradXp2 = getGradientXp(img2);Mat MergeGradXpROI = MergeGradXp(ROI);GradXp2.copyTo(MergeGradXpROI);Mat MergeGradXn = getGradientXn(img1);Mat GradXn2 = getGradientXn(img2);Mat MergeGradXnROI = MergeGradXn(ROI);GradXn2.copyTo(MergeGradXnROI);Mat MergeGradYp = getGradientYp(img1);Mat GradYp2 = getGradientYp(img2);Mat MergeGradYpROI = MergeGradYp(ROI);GradYp2.copyTo(MergeGradYpROI);Mat MergeGradYn = getGradientYn(img1);Mat GradYn2 = getGradientYn(img2);Mat MergeGradYnROI = MergeGradYn(ROI);GradYn2.copyTo(MergeGradYnROI);Mat grad = MergeGradXp + MergeGradXn + MergeGradYp + MergeGradYn;int roiheight = ROI.height;int roiwidth = ROI.width;Mat B = Mat::zeros(roiheight * roiwidth, 1, CV_64FC1);for (int i = 0; i < roiheight; i++) {for (int j = 0; j < roiwidth; j++) {double temp = 0.0;temp += grad.ATD(i + ROI.y, j + ROI.x);if (i == 0)              temp -= img2.ATD(i - 1 + posY, j + posX);if (i == roiheight - 1)  temp -= img2.ATD(i + 1 + posY, j + posX);if (j == 0)              temp -= img2.ATD(i + posY, j - 1 + posX);if (j == roiwidth - 1)   temp -= img2.ATD(i + posY, j + 1 + posX);B.ATD(getLabel(i, j, roiheight, roiwidth), 0) = temp;}}return B;
}// 求解方程，并将其重塑为正确的高度和宽度。
// Solve equation and reshape it back to the right height and width.
Mat getResult(Mat &A, Mat &B, Rect &ROI) {Mat result;solve(A, B, result);result = result.reshape(0, ROI.height);return  result;
}/// 泊松混合
// img1: 3-channel image, we wanna move something in it into img2.
// img2: 3-channel image, dst image.
// ROI: the position and size of the block we want to move in img1.
// posX, posY: where we want to move the block to in img2
Mat poisson_blending(Mat &img1, Mat &img2, Rect ROI, int posX, int posY)
{int roiheight = ROI.height;int roiwidth = ROI.width;Mat A = getA(roiheight, roiwidth);// we must do the poisson blending to each channel.vector<Mat> rgb1;split(img1, rgb1);vector<Mat> rgb2;split(img2, rgb2);vector<Mat> result;Mat merged, res, Br, Bg, Bb;Br = getB2(rgb1[0], rgb2[0], posX, posY, ROI);res = getResult(A, Br, ROI);result.push_back(res);cout << "R channel finished..." << endl;Bg = getB2(rgb1[1], rgb2[1], posX, posY, ROI);res = getResult(A, Bg, ROI);result.push_back(res);cout << "G channel finished..." << endl;Bb = getB2(rgb1[2], rgb2[2], posX, posY, ROI);res = getResult(A, Bb, ROI);result.push_back(res);cout << "B channel finished..." << endl;// merge the 3 gray images into a 3-channel image merge(result, merged);return merged;
}int main(int argc, char** argv)
{Mat img1, img2;Mat in1 = imread("./image/niao.jpg");Mat in2 = imread("./image/park.jpg");imshow("src", in1);imshow("dst", in2);in1.convertTo(img1, CV_64FC3);in2.convertTo(img2, CV_64FC3);Rect rc = Rect(50, 62, 74, 38);//the part in im2 that we wanna move into im1// img1: 3-channel image, we wanna move something in it into img2.// img2: 3-channel image, dst image.// ROI: the position and size of the block we want to move in img1.// posX, posY: where we want to move the block to in img2Mat result = poisson_blending(img1, img2, rc, 90, 60);result.convertTo(result, CV_8UC1);Rect rc2 = Rect(400, 50, 74, 38);Mat roimat = in2(rc2);result.copyTo(roimat);imshow("roi", result);imshow("result", in2);imwrite("./image/niao_park.jpg", in2);waitKey(0);return 0;
}

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OpenCV小项目：图像融合（泊松融合—Possion Blending）

原理

代码示例

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