《计算机英语(第4版)》练习参考答案

Unit One: Computer and Computer Science

Unit One/Section A

I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1.Charles Babbage; Augusta Ada Byron

2.input; output

3.VLSI

4.workstations; mainframes

5.vacuum; transistors

6.instructions; software

7.digit; eight; byte

8.microminiaturization; chip

II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1.artificial intelligence 人工智能

2.paper-tape reader 纸带阅读器

3.optical computer 光计算机

4.neural network 神经网络

5.instruction set 指令集

6.parallel processing 并行处理

7.difference engine 差分机

8.versatile logical element 通用逻辑元件

9.silicon substrate 硅衬底

10.vacuum tube 真空管

11.数据的存储与处理 the storage and handling of data

12.超大规模集成电路 very large-scale integrated circuit

13.中央处理器 central processing unit

14.个人计算机 personal computer

15.模拟计算机 analogue computer

16.数字计算机 digital computer

17.通用计算机 general-purpose computer

18.处理器芯片 processor chip

19.操作指令 operating instructions

20.输入设备 input device

III.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:

We can define a computer as a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output. According to the mode of processing, computers are either analog or digital. They can also be classified as mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, or microcomputers. All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this categorization provides some indication of the computer’s speed, size, cost, and abilities.

Ever since the advent of computers, there have been constant changes. First-generation computers of historic significance, such as UNIVAC (通用自动计算机), introduced in the early 1950s, were based on vacuum tubes. Second-generation computers, appearing in the early 1960s, were those in which transistors replaced vacuum tubes. In third-generation computers, dating from the 1960s, integrated circuits replaced transistors. In fourth