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1. 项目结构

• 本项目使用maven进行项目管理，搭建一个简单的Hibernate框架需要四步。

• 本项目未使用注解方式进行搭建

  1.1 pom.xml

• 使用maven引入依赖jar包，若未使用maven，则自己下载所需jar包放到lib目录下

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>org.imooc</groupId><artifactId>Hibernate_001</artifactId><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version><packaging>jar</packaging><properties><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding></properties><dependencies><!-- junit --><dependency><groupId>junit</groupId><artifactId>junit</artifactId><version>4.12</version><scope>test</scope></dependency><!-- Hibernate --><dependency><groupId>org.hibernate</groupId><artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId><version>5.1.5.Final</version></dependency><!-- mysql-connector-java --><dependency><groupId>mysql</groupId><artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId><version>5.1.22</version></dependency></dependencies><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId><version>3.6.1</version><configuration><target>1.7</target><source>1.7</source><encoding>UTF-8</encoding></configuration></plugin></plugins></build></project>

1.2 hibernate.cfg.xml

• 在hibernate.cfg.xml中配置三方面的信息。
  • 连接数据库的信息，比如驱动、url、连接名、密码等。
  • hibernate本身的配置，比如方言、是否展示SQL，SQL格式化、建表策略等。
  • 引入映射文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration><session-factory><!-- 数据库连接名 --><property name="connection.username">root</property><!-- 数据库连接密码 --><property name="connection.password">20121221</property><!-- 数据库驱动 --><property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property><!-- 数据库连接url --><property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hibernate?useSSL=true&amp;useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8</property><!-- 方言 --><property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect</property><!-- 展示SQL --><property name="show_sql">true</property><!-- 格式化SQL --><property name="format_sql">false</property><!-- 建表策略 --><property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property><!-- 指定映射文件 --><mapping resource="hbm/student.hbm.xml"/></session-factory></hibernate-configuration>

1.3 entity

• entity是实体类，对应数据库中的表结构，仅实现setter和getter方法即可

package com.imooc.hibernate.model;import java.util.Date;public class Student {private int sid; // 学号private String sname; // 姓名private String gender; // 性别private Date birthday; // 出生日期private String address; // 地址public Student() {}public Student(int sid, String sname, String gender, Date birthday, String address) {this.sid = sid;this.sname = sname;this.gender = gender;this.birthday = birthday;this.address = address;}public int getSid() {return sid;}public void setSid(int sid) {this.sid = sid;}public String getSname() {return sname;}public void setSname(String sname) {this.sname = sname;}public String getGender() {return gender;}public void setGender(String gender) {this.gender = gender;}public Date getBirthday() {return birthday;}public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {this.birthday = birthday;}public String getAddress() {return address;}public void setAddress(String address) {this.address = address;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "Student [sid=" + sid + ", sname=" + sname + ", gender=" + gender + ", birthday=" + birthday + ", address=" + address + "]";}}

1.4 entity.hbm.xml

• entity.hbm.xml是映射文件，将数据库表与entity进行对应

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN""http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping><class name="com.imooc.hibernate.model.Student"><id name="sid" type="int"><column name="SID"/><generator class="assigned"/> <!-- 主键生成策略 --></id><property name="sname" type="java.lang.String"><column name="SNAME"/></property><property name="gender" type="java.lang.String"><column name="GENDER"></column></property><property name="birthday" type="java.util.Date"><column name="BIRTHDAY"/></property><property name="address" type="java.lang.String"><column name="ADDRESS"></column></property></class></hibernate-mapping>

2. 测试

• 使用junit进行测试

package com.imooc.hibernate.test;import java.util.Date;import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;import com.imooc.hibernate.model.Student;public class StudentTest {private SessionFactory sessionFactory;private Session session;private Transaction transaction;@Testpublic void testSaveStudent() {// 生成学生对象Student s = new Student(3, "张三丰", "男", new Date(), "武当山");session.save(s);}@Beforepublic void init() {// 创建会话工厂对象sessionFactory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();// 创建会话对象session = sessionFactory.openSession();// 开始事务transaction = session.beginTransaction();}@Afterpublic void destory () {// 提交事务transaction.commit();// 关闭会话session.close();// 关闭会话工厂sessionFactory.close();}}

3. 总结

Hibernate初步搭建很简单，主要是使用hibernate.cfg.xml进行数据库连接的配置，使用entity.hbm.xml进行数据库表结构与实体类进行映射。

参考：Hibernate初探之单表映射

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