最近要搞一个嵌入式项目，在I.MX6平台上基于linux系统使用QT做界面开发，于是就研究了一下如何对QT 5.9.2版本的代码进行下载和编译。同时，因为编译出来的程序不光要能在I.MX6嵌入式板子上运行，还要能够在桌面端运行以方便调试，因此就涉及到桌面版和嵌入式版两个版本，如下：

pc桌面版，将其命名为qt-5.9.2-pc版本，用于在PC端模拟调试程序。
imx6嵌入式版，将其命名为qt-5.9.2-imx6版本，用于在I.MX6平台上运行程序。

下面就开始详细介绍搭建、安装、编译等全过程的记录。

一、准备工作

1、开发环境介绍

主机系统：win10（64位）；
虚拟工具：Virtualbox 5.2.0；
虚拟系统：Ubuntu 14.04（64位）；

2、下载QT源码

直接去官网（http://download.qt.io/archive/qt/）下载QT的源码即可。

由于某些历史原因，我这里下载的是5.9.2版本。建议大家也同样使用这个版本，毕竟我自己已经亲自验证过了。如果您使用新的版本，可能会遇到一些其他的问题。

这里需要注意的是，我们要下载的是源码压缩包，而不是现成编译好的可执行文件。所以，请进入“single”目录进行下载。我选择的是后缀名为tar.xz的文件（因为它比较小），解压得分两步走，先解开xz，然后再解开tar，命令如下：

xz -d qt-everywhere-src-5.9.2.tar.xz
tar -xvf qt-everywhere-src-5.9.2.tar

3、安装编译工具

请确保系统中已安装gcc、g++和OpenGL。可使用以下命令进行测试并验证它们的具体版本：

I、gcc工具

gcc --version

如果没有响应，或者提示gcc没有安装，则可以使用下述命令进行安装：

sudo apt-get  install  build-essential

安装完成之后，同样使用上述命令查看一下gcc的版本进行确认。

II、g++工具

g++ --version

如果没有响应，或者提示g++没有安装，则可以使用下述命令进行安装：

sudo apt-get install g++

安装完成之后，同样使用上述命令查看一下g++的版本进行确认。

III、OpenGL

glxinfo | grep OpenGL

如果提示“程序“glxinfo”尚未安装”，则可以使用下述命令进行安装：

sudo apt-get install mesa-utils

如果提示OpenGL找不到或者没有安装的话，则可使用下述命令安装（具体的详细过程可参见我的另外一篇博客：如何在Ubuntu 14.04下安装OpenGL开发环境）。

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install build-essential
sudo apt-get install libgl1-mesa-dev
sudo apt-get install libglu1-mesa-dev
sudo apt-get install libegl1-mesa-dev
sudo apt-get install freeglut3-dev

安装完成之后，同样使用上述命令查看一下OpenGL的版本进行确认。

4、搭建目录环境

根据QT官方的说法，建议大家不要在QT源码的目录下直接进行编译，这样会污染源码所在的目录，无法达到多个版本共存编译的效果。可以在QT源码所在的同级目录下，新建一个临时用的编译目录，只为存放编译脚本和编译所产生的临时文件。如下：

leon@Ubuntu:~/tempuse$ ll
总用量 20
drwxrwxr-x  4 leon leon 4096  8月 10 11:10 ./
drwxr-xr-x 30 leon leon 4096  8月 10 11:07 ../
drwxrwxr-x 43 leon leon 4096 10月  4  2017 qt-everywhere-opensource-src-5.9.2/leon@Ubuntu:~/tempuse$ mkdir qt-5.9.2-x11 qt-5.9.2-imx6leon@Ubuntu:~/tempuse$ ll
总用量 32
drwxrwxr-x  7 leon leon 4096  8月 10 11:13 ./
drwxr-xr-x 30 leon leon 4096  8月 10 11:07 ../
drwxrwxr-x  2 leon leon 4096  8月 10 11:13 qt-5.9.2-imx6/
drwxrwxr-x  2 leon leon 4096  8月 10 11:13 qt-5.9.2-pc/
drwxrwxr-x 43 leon leon 4096 10月  4  2017 qt-everywhere-opensource-src-5.9.2/

于是，可以分别在qt-5.9.2-x11 qt-5.9.2-imx6这2个目录下进行不同版本的代码编译，而不会影响到源码所在的目录。

5、目标文件系统

由于最终编译出来的程序是要运行在I.MX6的嵌入式系统中，因此在编译的过程中要引入目标文件系统。我这里将该文件系统（fsl-image-gui-imx6qsabresd）解压放在/opt目录下。请记住这个目录，后面会用的到。

leon@Ubuntu:~$ cd /opt
leon@Ubuntu:/opt$ ll
总用量 32
drwxr-xr-x  8 root root 4096  8月 10 13:39 ./
drwxr-xr-x 23 root root 4096 10月 11  2017 ../
drwxr-xr-x 19 leon leon 4096 11月 14  2017 fsl-image-gui-imx6qsabresd/
drwxr-xr-x  9 root root 4096 10月 11  2017 VBoxGuestAdditions-5.0.20/
drwxr-xr-x  6 root root 4096  6月  9  2017 wps-office_10.1.0.5707~a21_x86_64/

二、pc桌面版

1、创建配置脚本

进入qt-5.9.2-pc目录，新建config.sh文件，输入：

#!/bin/sh./../qt-everywhere-opensource-src-5.9.2/configure \-verbose \-opensource \-release \-shared \-confirm-license \-make libs \-no-feature-cursor \-no-qml-debug \-no-use-gold-linker \-no-iconv \-no-glib \-no-gstreamer \-prefix /opt/qt-5.9.2-pc

这里“-prefix /opt/qt-5.9.2-pc“是用于指定编译之后库文件所安装的位置，你可以按照你自己的规划和要求来更改，但是其他的指令不建议更改。

为config.sh文件增加可运行属性，并运行之。大约1-2分钟之后，结束，提示配置成功：

Configure summary:Build type: linux-g++ (x86_64, CPU features: mmx sse sse2)
Configuration: sse2 sse3 ssse3 sse4_1 sse4_2 avx avx2 compile_examples enable_new_dtags f16c largefile precompile_header shared rpath release c++11 concurrent dbus no-qml-debug reduce_exports reduce_relocations stl
Build options:Mode ................................... releaseOptimize release build for size ........ noBuilding shared libraries .............. yesUsing C++ standard ..................... C++11Using ccache ........................... noUsing gold linker ...................... noUsing new DTAGS ........................ yesUsing precompiled headers .............. yesUsing LTCG ............................. noTarget compiler supports:SSE .................................. SSE2 SSE3 SSSE3 SSE4.1 SSE4.2AVX .................................. AVX AVX2 F16CAVX512 ............................... <none>Build parts ............................ libs
Qt modules and options:Qt Concurrent .......................... yesQt D-Bus ............................... yesQt D-Bus directly linked to libdbus .... noQt Gui ................................. yesQt Network ............................. yesQt Sql ................................. yesQt Testlib ............................. yesQt Widgets ............................. yesQt Xml ................................. yes
Support enabled for:Using pkg-config ....................... yesQML debugging .......................... noudev ................................... noUsing system zlib ...................... yes
Qt Core:DoubleConversion ....................... yesUsing system DoubleConversion ........ noGLib ................................... noiconv .................................. noICU .................................... noLogging backends:journald ............................. nosyslog ............................... noslog2 ................................ noUsing system PCRE2 ..................... no
Qt Network:getaddrinfo() .......................... yesgetifaddrs() ........................... yesIPv6 ifname ............................ yeslibproxy ............................... noOpenSSL ................................ noQt directly linked to OpenSSL ........ noSCTP ................................... noUse system proxies ..................... yes
Qt Gui:Accessibility .......................... yesFreeType ............................... yesUsing system FreeType ................ noHarfBuzz ............................... yesUsing system HarfBuzz ................ noFontconfig ............................. noImage formats:GIF .................................. yesICO .................................. yesJPEG ................................. yesUsing system libjpeg ............... noPNG .................................. yesUsing system libpng ................ noEGL .................................... yesOpenVG ................................. noOpenGL:Desktop OpenGL ....................... yesOpenGL ES 2.0 ........................ noOpenGL ES 3.0 ........................ noOpenGL ES 3.1 ........................ noSession Management ..................... yes
Features used by QPA backends:evdev .................................. yeslibinput ............................... noINTEGRITY HID .......................... nomtdev .................................. notslib .................................. noxkbcommon-evdev ........................ no
QPA backends:DirectFB ............................... noEGLFS .................................. yesEGLFS details:EGLFS i.Mx6 .......................... noEGLFS i.Mx6 Wayland .................. noEGLFS EGLDevice ...................... noEGLFS GBM ............................ noEGLFS Mali ........................... noEGLFS Raspberry Pi ................... noEGL on X11 ........................... yesLinuxFB ................................ yesVNC .................................... yesMir client ............................. noX11:Using system-provided XCB libraries .. noEGL on X11 ........................... yesXinput2 .............................. noXCB XKB .............................. yesXLib ................................. yesXCB render ........................... yesXCB GLX .............................. yesXCB Xlib ............................. yesUsing system-provided xkbcommon ...... no
Qt Widgets:GTK+ ................................... noStyles ................................. Fusion Windows
Qt PrintSupport:CUPS ................................... no
Qt Sql:DB2 (IBM) .............................. noInterBase .............................. noMySql .................................. noOCI (Oracle) ........................... noODBC ................................... noPostgreSQL ............................. noSQLite2 ................................ noSQLite ................................. yesUsing system provided SQLite ......... noTDS (Sybase) ........................... no
Qt SerialBus:Socket CAN ............................. yesSocket CAN FD .......................... yes
QtXmlPatterns:XML schema support ..................... yes
Qt QML:QML interpreter ........................ yesQML network support .................... yes
Qt Quick:Direct3D 12 ............................ noAnimatedImage item ..................... yesCanvas item ............................ yesSupport for Qt Quick Designer .......... yesFlipable item .......................... yesGridView item .......................... yesListView item .......................... yesPath support ........................... yesPathView item .......................... yesPositioner items ....................... yesShaderEffect item ...................... yesSprite item ............................ yes
Qt Gamepad:SDL2 ................................... no
Qt 3D:Assimp ................................. yesSystem Assimp .......................... noOutput Qt3D Job traces ................. noOutput Qt3D GL traces .................. no
Qt 3D GeometryLoaders:Autodesk FBX ........................... no
Qt Wayland Client ........................ no
Qt Wayland Compositor .................... no
Qt Bluetooth:BlueZ .................................. noBlueZ Low Energy ....................... noLinux Crypto API ....................... no
Qt Sensors:sensorfw ............................... no
Qt Quick Controls 2:Styles ................................. Default Material Universal
Qt Quick Templates 2:Hover support .......................... yesMulti-touch support .................... yes
Qt Positioning:Gypsy GPS Daemon ....................... noWinRT Geolocation API .................. no
Qt Location:Geoservice plugins:OpenStreetMap ........................ yesHERE ................................. yesEsri ................................. yesMapbox ............................... yesMapboxGL ............................. noItemsoverlay ......................... yes
Qt Multimedia:ALSA ................................... noGStreamer 1.0 .......................... noGStreamer 0.10 ......................... noVideo for Linux ........................ yesOpenAL ................................. noPulseAudio ............................. noResource Policy (libresourceqt5) ....... noWindows Audio Services ................. noDirectShow ............................. noWindows Media Foundation ............... no
Qt WebEngine:Embedded build ......................... noPepper Plugins ......................... yesPrinting and PDF ....................... yesProprietary Codecs ..................... noSpellchecker ........................... yesWebRTC ................................. yesUsing system ninja ..................... noALSA ................................... noPulseAudio ............................. noSystem libraries:re2 .................................. noICU .................................. nolibwebp and libwebpdemux ............. noOpus ................................. noffmpeg ............................... noNote: Also available for Linux: linux-clang linux-iccNote: Disabling X11 Accessibility Bridge: D-Bus or AT-SPI is missing.Qt is now configured for building. Just run 'make'.
Once everything is built, you must run 'make install'.
Qt will be installed into '/opt/qt-5.9.2-pc'.Prior to reconfiguration, make sure you remove any leftovers from the previous build.

说明：配置的过程中，经过我自己的亲测，有可能会提示一些错误信息，包括下面的make环节和install环节，都有可能会提示一些错误信息。但是只要程序不会自动终止，一般就问题不大。

2、编译和安装

输入下述命令开始编译。由于源码内容较多，编译时间会很长，以我的电脑i3-4160 3.6GHz处理器+4G内存的配置，编译了差不多60分钟。

make -j4 -s                                      # -s表示静默输出，只提示一些错误和警告

编译完成后，输入下述命令便可直接安装到之前预设的目录下：

sudo make install                                # sudo是为了提升权限，如果你的权限够可以不用

三、imx6嵌入式版

1、修改qmake文件

修改qt源码目录下的qtbase/mkspecs/linux-arm-gnueabi-g++目录下的文件qmake.conf文件为以下内容：

#
# qmake configuration for building with arm-linux-gnueabi-g++
#MAKEFILE_GENERATOR = UNIX
CONFIG += incremental
QMAKE_INCREMENTAL_STYLE = sublibIMX6_CFLAGS = -march=armv7-a -mfpu=neon -DLINUX=1 -DEGL_API_FB=1
IMX6_CFLAGS_RELEASE = -O2 $$IMX6_CFLAGS
QMAKE_CFLAGS_DEBUG += $$IMX6_CFLAGS
QMAKE_CXXFLAGS_DEBUG += $$IMX6_CFLAGS
QMAKE_CFLAGS_RELEASE += $$IMX6_CFLAGS_RELEASE
QMAKE_CXXFLAGS_RELEASE += $$IMX6_CFLAGS_RELEASEinclude(../common/linux.conf)
include(../common/gcc-base-unix.conf)
include(../common/g++-unix.conf)POKY_PATH = /opt/poky/1.7/sysroots/x86_64-pokysdk-linux/usr/bin/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi
ROOTFS_PATH = /opt/fsl-image-gui-imx6qsabresd# modifications to g++.conf
QMAKE_CC = $$POKY_PATH/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi-gcc -mfloat-abi=hard
QMAKE_CXX = $$POKY_PATH/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi-g++ -mfloat-abi=hard
QMAKE_LINK = $$POKY_PATH/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi-g++ -mfloat-abi=hard
QMAKE_LINK_SHLIB = $$POKY_PATH/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi-g++ -mfloat-abi=hard# modifications to linux.conf
QMAKE_AR = $$POKY_PATH/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi-ar cqs
QMAKE_OBJCOPY = $$POKY_PATH/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi-objcopy
QMAKE_NM = $$POKY_PATH/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi-nm -P
QMAKE_STRIP = $$POKY_PATH/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi-stripQMAKE_INCDIR += $$ROOTFS_PATH/usr/include
QMAKE_LIBDIR += $$ROOTFS_PATH/usr/libQMAKE_LIBS_EGL += -lEGL -lGAL
QMAKE_LIBS_OPENGL_ES1 += -lGLESv1_CM -lEGL -lGAL
QMAKE_LIBS_OPENGL_ES1CL += -lGLES_CL -lEGL -lGAL
QMAKE_LIBS_OPENGL_ES2 += -lGLESv2 -lEGL -lGAL -lVSC
QMAKE_LIBS_OPENVG += -lOpenVG -lEGL -lGAL -lVSCload(qt_config)

2、创建配置脚本

进入qt-5.9.2-imx6目录，新建config.sh文件，输入：

#!/bin/sh./../qt-everywhere-opensource-src-5.9.2/configure \
-verbose \
-opensource \
-release \
-shared \
-confirm-license \
-eglfs \
-linuxfb \
-openvg \
-make libs \
-no-feature-cursor \
-no-qml-debug \
-no-use-gold-linker \
-no-iconv \
-xplatform linux-arm-gnueabi-g++ \
-prefix /opt/qt-5.9.2-imx6 \
-I/opt/fsl-image-gui-imx6qsabresd/usr/include \
-L/opt/fsl-image-gui-imx6qsabresd/usr/lib

这里“-prefix /opt/qt-5.9.2-imx6“是用于指定编译之后库文件所安装的位置，你可以按照你自己的规划和要求来更改，后面两句话则是用于指定I.MX6文件系统所在的目录位置，你也可以根据你自己的情况修改。但是其他的指令不建议更改。

为config.sh文件增加可运行属性，并运行之。大约1-2分钟之后，结束，提示配置成功：

Configure summary:Building on: linux-g++ (x86_64, CPU features: mmx sse sse2)
Building for: linux-arm-gnueabi-g++ (arm, CPU features: neon)
Configuration: cross_compile compile_examples enable_new_dtags largefile neon precompile_header shared rpath release c++11 c++14 concurrent dbus no-pkg-config no-qml-debug reduce_exports stl
Build options:Mode ................................... releaseOptimize release build for size ........ noBuilding shared libraries .............. yesUsing C++ standard ..................... C++14Using ccache ........................... noUsing gold linker ...................... noUsing new DTAGS ........................ yesUsing precompiled headers .............. yesUsing LTCG ............................. noTarget compiler supports:NEON ................................. yesBuild parts ............................ libs
Qt modules and options:Qt Concurrent .......................... yesQt D-Bus ............................... yesQt D-Bus directly linked to libdbus .... noQt Gui ................................. yesQt Network ............................. yesQt Sql ................................. yesQt Testlib ............................. yesQt Widgets ............................. yesQt Xml ................................. yes
Support enabled for:Using pkg-config ....................... noQML debugging .......................... noudev ................................... noUsing system zlib ...................... no
Qt Core:DoubleConversion ....................... yesUsing system DoubleConversion ........ noGLib ................................... noiconv .................................. noICU .................................... noLogging backends:journald ............................. nosyslog ............................... noslog2 ................................ noUsing system PCRE2 ..................... no
Qt Network:getaddrinfo() .......................... yesgetifaddrs() ........................... yesIPv6 ifname ............................ yeslibproxy ............................... noOpenSSL ................................ noQt directly linked to OpenSSL ........ noSCTP ................................... noUse system proxies ..................... yes
Qt Gui:Accessibility .......................... yesFreeType ............................... yesUsing system FreeType ................ noHarfBuzz ............................... yesUsing system HarfBuzz ................ noFontconfig ............................. noImage formats:GIF .................................. yesICO .................................. yesJPEG ................................. yesUsing system libjpeg ............... noPNG .................................. yesUsing system libpng ................ noEGL .................................... yesOpenVG ................................. yesOpenGL:Desktop OpenGL ....................... noOpenGL ES 2.0 ........................ yesOpenGL ES 3.0 ........................ yesOpenGL ES 3.1 ........................ noSession Management ..................... yes
Features used by QPA backends:evdev .................................. yeslibinput ............................... noINTEGRITY HID .......................... nomtdev .................................. notslib .................................. noxkbcommon-evdev ........................ no
QPA backends:DirectFB ............................... noEGLFS .................................. yesEGLFS details:EGLFS i.Mx6 .......................... yesEGLFS i.Mx6 Wayland .................. noEGLFS EGLDevice ...................... noEGLFS GBM ............................ noEGLFS Mali ........................... noEGLFS Raspberry Pi ................... noEGL on X11 ........................... noLinuxFB ................................ yesVNC .................................... yesMir client ............................. no
Qt Widgets:GTK+ ................................... noStyles ................................. Fusion Windows
Qt PrintSupport:CUPS ................................... no
Qt Sql:DB2 (IBM) .............................. noInterBase .............................. noMySql .................................. noOCI (Oracle) ........................... noODBC ................................... noPostgreSQL ............................. noSQLite2 ................................ noSQLite ................................. yesUsing system provided SQLite ......... noTDS (Sybase) ........................... no
Qt SerialBus:Socket CAN ............................. yesSocket CAN FD .......................... yes
QtXmlPatterns:XML schema support ..................... yes
Qt QML:QML interpreter ........................ yesQML network support .................... yes
Qt Quick:Direct3D 12 ............................ noAnimatedImage item ..................... yesCanvas item ............................ yesSupport for Qt Quick Designer .......... yesFlipable item .......................... yesGridView item .......................... yesListView item .......................... yesPath support ........................... yesPathView item .......................... yesPositioner items ....................... yesShaderEffect item ...................... yesSprite item ............................ yes
Qt Gamepad:SDL2 ................................... no
Qt 3D:Assimp ................................. yesSystem Assimp .......................... noOutput Qt3D Job traces ................. noOutput Qt3D GL traces .................. no
Qt 3D GeometryLoaders:Autodesk FBX ........................... no
Qt Wayland Client ........................ no
Qt Wayland Compositor .................... no
Qt Bluetooth:BlueZ .................................. noBlueZ Low Energy ....................... noLinux Crypto API ....................... no
Qt Sensors:sensorfw ............................... no
Qt Quick Controls 2:Styles ................................. Default Material Universal
Qt Quick Templates 2:Hover support .......................... yesMulti-touch support .................... yes
Qt Positioning:Gypsy GPS Daemon ....................... noWinRT Geolocation API .................. no
Qt Location:Geoservice plugins:OpenStreetMap ........................ yesHERE ................................. yesEsri ................................. yesMapbox ............................... yesMapboxGL ............................. yesItemsoverlay ......................... yes
Qt Multimedia:ALSA ................................... noGStreamer 1.0 .......................... noGStreamer 0.10 ......................... noVideo for Linux ........................ yesOpenAL ................................. noPulseAudio ............................. noResource Policy (libresourceqt5) ....... noWindows Audio Services ................. noDirectShow ............................. noWindows Media Foundation ............... no
Qt WebEngine:Embedded build ......................... yesPepper Plugins ......................... noPrinting and PDF ....................... noProprietary Codecs ..................... noSpellchecker ........................... yesWebRTC ................................. noUsing system ninja ..................... noALSA ................................... noPulseAudio ............................. noSystem libraries:re2 .................................. noICU .................................. nolibwebp and libwebpdemux ............. noOpus ................................. noffmpeg ............................... noNote: Also available for Linux: linux-clang linux-iccNote: No wayland-egl support detected. Cross-toolkit compatibility disabled.WARNING: Cross compiling without sysroot. Disabling pkg-configQt is now configured for building. Just run 'make'.
Once everything is built, you must run 'make install'.
Qt will be installed into '/opt/qt-5.9.2-imx6'.Prior to reconfiguration, make sure you remove any leftovers from the previous build.

3、编译和安装

输入下述命令开始编译。由于源码内容较多，编译时间会很长，以我的电脑i3-4160 3.6GHz处理器+4G内存的配置，编译了差不多90分钟。

make -j4 -s                                      # -s表示静默输出映射，只提示一些警告和错误