Puppet apply 命令参数介绍

之前说过puppet的两种运行方式，第一种:c/s结构,第二种:单机运行。apply就是单独执行本地*.pp文件的代码工具，通常用于本地测试调试puppet代码.

puppet apply常用参数:

[root@sh-proxy2 ~]# puppet apply -h
puppet-apply(8) -- Apply Puppet manifests locally
========
SYNOPSIS
--------
Applies a standalone Puppet manifest to the local system.
USAGE
-----
puppet apply [-h|--help] [-V|--version] [-d|--debug] [-v|--verbose][-e|--execute] [--detailed-exitcodes] [-L|--loadclasses][-l|--logdest syslog|eventlog|<FILE>|console] [--noop][--catalog <catalog>] [--write-catalog-summary] <file>
DESCRIPTION
-----------
This is the standalone puppet execution tool; use it to apply
individual manifests.
When provided with a modulepath, via command line or config file, puppet
apply can effectively mimic the catalog that would be served by puppet
master with access to the same modules, although there are some subtle
differences. When combined with scheduling and an automated system for
pushing manifests, this can be used to implement a serverless Puppet
site.
Most users should use 'puppet agent' and 'puppet master' for site-wide
manifests.
OPTIONS
-------
Note that any setting that's valid in the configuration
file is also a valid long argument. For example, 'tags' is a
valid setting, so you can specify '--tags <class>,<tag>'
as an argument.
See the configuration file documentation at
http://docs.puppetlabs.com/references/stable/configuration.html for the
full list of acceptable parameters. A commented list of all
configuration options can also be generated by running puppet with
'--genconfig'.
* --debug:        #调试模式,输出执行过程的调试信息Enable full debugging.
* --detailed-exitcodes:#提供退出代码的信息,2表示代码有变化，4表示失败，6两者都有.Provide transaction information via exit codes. If this is enabled, an exitcode of '2' means there were changes, an exit code of '4' means there werefailures during the transaction, and an exit code of '6' means there were bothchanges and failures.
* --help:Print this help message
* --loadclasses:    #加载任何存储的类，通常puppet agent类配置缓存在/etc/puppet/classes.txt,设置这个参数导致所有选择的类将设置在puppet 清单中.Load any stored classes. 'puppet agent' caches configured classes(usually at /etc/puppet/classes.txt), and setting this option causesall of those classes to be set in your puppet manifest.
* --logdest:        #日志路径Where to send log messages. Choose between 'syslog' (the POSIX syslogservice), 'eventlog' (the Windows Event Log), 'console', or the path to a logfile. Defaults to 'console'.A path ending with '.json' will receive structured output in JSON format. Thelog file will not have an ending ']' automatically written to it due to theappending nature of logging. It must be appended manually to make the contentvalid JSON.
* --noop:        #只运行代码，不应用catalogUse 'noop' mode where Puppet runs in a no-op or dry-run mode. Thisis useful for seeing what changes Puppet will make without actuallyexecuting the changes.
* --execute:        #执行一段puppet代码Execute a specific piece of Puppet code
* --test:        #启用测试Enable the most common options used for testing. These are 'verbose','detailed-exitcodes' and 'show_diff'.
* --verbose:        #打印详细执行过程Print extra information.
* --catalog:#catalogApply a JSON catalog (such as one generated with 'puppet master --compile'). You caneither specify a JSON file or pipe in JSON from standard input.
* --write-catalog-summary        #编译完catalog后，将资源列表和类列表保存到节点。After compiling the catalog saves the resource list and classes list to the nodein the state directory named classes.txt and resources.txt
EXAMPLE
-------$ puppet apply -l /tmp/manifest.log manifest.pp$ puppet apply --modulepath=/root/dev/modules -e "include ntpd::server"$ puppet apply --catalog catalog.json
AUTHOR
------
Luke Kanies
COPYRIGHT
---------
Copyright (c) 2011 Puppet Labs, LLC Licensed under the Apache 2.0 License

举例:

本地使用puppet 安装apache.

[root@sh-proxy2 ~]# rpm -qa httpd
[root@sh-proxy2 ~]# vim httpd.pp
[root@sh-proxy2 ~]# cat httpd.pp
package {"httpd":
ensure => true,
}
#应用本地httpd.pp代码文件
[root@sh-proxy2 ~]# puppet apply httpd.pp
Notice: Compiled catalog for sh-proxy2.localdomain in environment production in 0.18 seconds
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Package[httpd]/ensure: created
Notice: Finished catalog run in 12.67 seconds
#确认已经安装
[root@sh-proxy2 ~]# rpm -qa httpd
httpd-2.2.15-60.el6.centos.5.x86_64

--verbose参数:

[root@sh-proxy2 ~]# puppet apply httpd.pp --verbose
Notice: Compiled catalog for sh-proxy2.localdomain in environment production in 0.12 seconds
Info: Applying configuration version '1504671755'
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Package[httpd]/ensure: created
Notice: Finished catalog run in 3.51 seconds

--execute参数:

#test模块下test类.
[root@sh-proxy2 manifests]# pwd
/etc/puppet/modules/test/manifests
[root@sh-proxy2 manifests]# ls
init.pp
#模块下必须有init.pp文件声明一个和模块同名的类.
[root@sh-proxy2 manifests]# cat init.pp
class test {package {"httpd":ensure => true,}
}

-e等同于--execute参数参数,类要想使用必须声明类使用include.

[root@sh-proxy2 manifests]# puppet apply -e "include test"
Notice: Compiled catalog for sh-proxy2.localdomain in environment production in 0.15 seconds
Notice: /Stage[main]/Test/Package[httpd]/ensure: created
Notice: Finished catalog run in 3.11 seconds
[root@sh-proxy2 manifests]# rpm -qa httpd
httpd-2.2.15-60.el6.centos.5.x86_64

举例2:

notify 资源输出命令.

注意:puppet中的notify命令和shell中的echo相似，都是将代码执行结果通过屏幕终端打印出来.

[root@sh-proxy2 ~]# cat test.pp
notify {"hello world":}
[root@sh-proxy2 ~]# puppet apply test.pp
Notice: Compiled catalog for sh-proxy2.localdomain in environment production in 0.02 seconds
Notice: hello world
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Notify[hello world]/message: defined 'message' as 'hello world'
Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.01 seconds