Oracle DataBase单实例使用ASM案例(2)--Oracle 11g之环境准备

系统环境：

操作系统：RedHat EL5（64）

Oracle 软件：Oracle 11gR2、Oracle GI

   对于Oracle 11g使用ASM作为存储系统，必须要构建Oracle GI的环境。

1、配置系统环境

1）建立用户和组（需要建立grid用户）

[root@node1 ~]# groupadd  -g 200 oinstall

[root@node1 ~]# groupadd  -g 201 dba

[root@node1 ~]# groupadd  -g 202 oper

[root@node1 ~]# groupadd  -g 203 asmadmin

[root@node1 ~]# groupadd  -g 204 asmoper

[root@node1 ~]# groupadd  -g 205 asmdba

[root@node1 ~]# useradd -u 200 -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper oracle

[oracle@node1 ~]$ id oracle

uid=200(oracle) gid=200(oinstall) groups=200(oinstall),201(dba),202(oper),205(asmdba)

[root@node1 ~]# useradd -u 201 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,oper,dba grid

2）建立相应的安装目录

[root@node1 ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory

[root@node1 ~]# chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/oraInventory/

[root@node1 ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oraInventory/

[root@node1 ~]# mkdir -p /u01/11.2.0/grid

[root@node1 ~]# chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/11.2.0/grid/

[root@node1 ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01/11.2.0/grid/

[root@node1 ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory/

[root@node1 ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle

[root@node1 ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs

[root@node1 ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

[root@node1 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle

[root@node1 ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle

3）设置用户环境变量

oracle 用户：

export EDITOR=vi

export ORACLE_SID=prod

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin

umask 022

grid用户：

export EDITOR=vi

export ORACLE_SID=+ASM

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

export GRID_HOME=/u01/11.2.0/grid

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib

export THREADS_FLAG=native

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin

umask 022

4）配置系统内核参数

[root@node1 ~]# /etc/sysctl.conf

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 536870912

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

[root@node1 ~]# cat /etc/security/limits.conf 

oracle              soft    nproc   2047

oracle              hard    nproc   16384

oracle              soft    nofile  1024

oracle              hard    nofile  65536

oracle              soft    stack   10240

grid              soft    nproc   2047

grid              hard    nproc   16384

grid              soft    nofile  1024

grid              hard    nofile  65536

grid              soft    stack   10240

[root@node1 ~]# cat /etc/pam.d/login

session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so

[root@node1 ~]#/etc/profile 

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]||[ $USER = "grid" ]; then

if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

ulimit -p 16384

ulimit -n 65536

else

ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

fi

fi

5）安装所需的软件包

配置yum环境：

[root@node1 yum.repos.d]#cd /etc/yum.repos.d

[root@node1 yum.repos.d]# cat yum.repo 

[Base]

name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux

baseurl=file:///media/Server

enabled=1

gpgcheck=0

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

挂载RH EL5安装ISO,安装以下软件包：

libaio-0.3.106-5

libaio-devel-0.3.106-5

libaio-0.3.106-5

sysstat-7.0.2-3.el5

unix2dos-2.2-26.2.3.el5

unixODBC-2.2.11-7.1

unixODBC-kde-2.2.11-7.1

unix2dos-2.2-26.2.3.el5

dos2unix-3.1-27.2.el5

unixODBC-devel-2.2.11-7.1

6）网络环境

[root@bjsrv ~]#cat /etc/hosts

# Do not remove the following line, or various programs

# that require network functionality will fail.

127.0.0.1                localhost

192.168.8.128    bjsrv

2、配置ASM存储环境

1）建立磁盘分区

[root@node1 ~]#fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sdc: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdc1               1         487     3911796   83  Linux

/dev/sdc2             488         974     3911827+  83  Linux

/dev/sdc3             975        2610    13141170    5  Extended

/dev/sdc5             975        1461     3911796   83  Linux

/dev/sdc6            1462        1948     3911796   83  Linux

/dev/sdc7            1949        2192     1959898+  83  Linux

/dev/sdc8            2193        2436     1959898+  83  Linux

/dev/sdc9            2437        2610     1397623+  83  Linux

2）安装ASM软件包

（Linux、Windows需要安装ASM软件包，可以在Oracle OTN下载，注意和Linux系统内核匹配）

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/linux/asmlib/index-101839.html

[root@bjsrv ~]#uname -a

Linux bjsrv 2.6.18-194.el5 #1 SMP Tue Mar 16 21:52:39 EDT 2010 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

[root@bjsrv asm]#ls -l

-rwxr--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 137486 May 26 04:01 oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.x86_64.rpm

-rwxr--r-- 1 oracle oinstall  14176 May 26 03:48 oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5.x86_64.rpm

-rwxr--r-- 1 oracle oinstall  90225 May 26 03:48 oracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el5.x86_64.rpm

[root@bjsrv asm]#rpm -vih oracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el5.x86_64.rpm

warning: oracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el5.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 1e5e0159

Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]

1:oracleasm-support      ########################################### [100%]

[root@bjsrv asm]#rpm -vih oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.x86_64.rpm

warning: oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 1e5e0159

Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]

1:oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el########################################### [100%]

[root@bjsrv asm]#rpm -ivh oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5.x86_64.rpm

warning: oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 1e5e0159

Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]

1:oracleasmlib           ########################################### [100%]

3）配置ASM

[root@bjsrv asm]#service oracleasm configure

Configuring the Oracle ASM library driver.

This will configure the on-boot properties of the Oracle ASM library

driver.  The following questions will determine whether the driver is

loaded on boot and what permissions it will have.  The current values

will be shown in brackets ('[]').  Hitting <ENTER> without typing an

answer will keep that current value.  Ctrl-C will abort.

Default user to own the driver interface [grid]: 

Default group to own the driver interface [asmadmin]:

Start Oracle ASM library driver on boot (y/n) [y]:

Scan for Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n) [y]:

Writing Oracle ASM library driver configuration: done

Initializing the Oracle ASMLib driver: [  OK  ]

Scanning the system for Oracle ASMLib disks: [  OK  ]

4)创建ASM磁盘

[root@bjsrv asm]#service oracleasm createdisk ASM_DSK1 /dev/sdc1

Marking disk "ASM_DSK1" as an ASM disk: [  OK  ]

[root@bjsrv asm]#service oracleasm createdisk ASM_DSK2 /dev/sdc2

Marking disk "ASM_DSK2" as an ASM disk: [  OK  ]

[root@bjsrv asm]#service oracleasm createdisk ASM_DSK3 /dev/sdc5

Marking disk "ASM_DSK3" as an ASM disk: [  OK  ]

[root@bjsrv asm]#service oracleasm createdisk ASM_DSK4 /dev/sdc6

Marking disk "ASM_DSK4" as an ASM disk: [  OK  ]

[root@bjsrv asm]#service oracleasm listdisks

ASM_DSK1

ASM_DSK2

ASM_DSK3

ASM_DSK4

[root@bjsrv asm]#

@至此，系统环境基本准备完毕