Oracle Linux 7.5 安装 Oracle 18C 单实例
2024-05-13 09:26:52
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文章目录
- 1 安装前准备工作
- 1.1 系统要求
- 1.2 操作系统：Oracle Linux 7.5
- 1.3 操作系统安装
- 1.4 检查和配置Oracle数据库的服务器硬件
- 1.4.1 检查memory
- 1.4.2 检查/tmp
- 1.4.3 检查Swap
- 1.4.4 检查Disk
- 1.4.5 检查系统架构
- 1.4.4 检查共享内存（/dev/shm）
- 2 数据库安装前准备
- 2.1 配置主机名，域名和IP地址对应关系
- 2.2 更新系统到最新
- 2.3 关闭SELinux和 firewalld
- 2.4 时间同步
- 2.5 安装oracle preinstall预配置包
- 2.6 安装操作系统必备的软件包
- 2.7 调整Linux的系统参数
- 2.7.1 修改操作系统的内核参数
- 2.7.1.1 文档参考
- QUESTION 2
- ANSWER 2
- 2.7.1.2 内核参数说明
- 2.7.1.3 修改内核参数
- 2.8 修改Oracle用户的Shell限制
- 2.9 设置PAM
- 2.10 创建用户和组,设置oracle用户的密码
- 2.11 创建目录
- 2.12 设置环境变量
- 3 安装Oracle Database 18c (18.3)
- 3.1 下载Oracle Database 18c (18.3)安装包
- 3.2 安装database软件
- 3.2.1 开始安装
- 3.2.2 选择仅安装类型
- 3.2.3 选择安装数据库类型
- 3.2.4 选择数据库版本
- 3.2.5 Oracle 软件安装位置
- 3.2.6 Inventory安装位置
- 3.2.7 操作系统权限组配置
- 3.2.8 先决条件检查
- 3.2.9 执行安装
- 3.2.10 在操作系统root用户下执行以下两个脚本
- 3.2.11 成功安装
- 3.3 DBCA创建数据库
- 3.3.1 在Oracle用户下执行DBCA命令创建数据库
- 3.3.2 选择数据库创建方式
- 3.3.3 选择数据库开发类型
- 3.3.4 指定数据库标识
- 3.3.5 指定数据文件存放位置
- 3.3.6 选择闪回区选项
- 3.3.7 选择网络配置
- 3.3.10 是否开启EM
- 3.3.11 配置管理用户密码
- 3.3.12 选择创建数据库选项
- 3.3.13 总结页面
- 3.3.14 创建数据库
- 3.3.15 数据库创建成功
- 3.4 Netca创建监听
- 3.4.1 创建监听服务
- 3.4.2 启用监听服务
- 3.4.3 启动和停止监听
1 安装前准备工作
1.1 系统要求
Linux下Oracle数据库安装的最低服务器配置要求：
| 系统要求 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| memory | DB：至少少1G，建议大小8G。 |
| Grid：至少8G。 | |
| /tmp | /tmp目录中至少有1 GB的空间。 |
| Swap | 1 GB~2 GB：内存的1.5倍 |
| 2 GB~16 GB：与内存相同 | |
| 超过16 GB：16 GB | |
| 注意：如果为Linux服务器启用HugePages，则应在计算交换空间之前从可用内存中扣除分配给HugePages的内存。 | |
| Disk | 对于Linux x86-64： |
| 对于独立服务器安装，Oracle Grid Infrastructure至少为6.8 GB。 | |
| Oracle数据库企业版至少7.5 GB。 | |
| Oracle Database Standard Edition 2至少为7.5 GB。 |
1.2 操作系统：Oracle Linux 7.5
V975367-01.iso
下载地址 https://edelivery.oracle.com/
1.3 操作系统安装
1.4 检查和配置Oracle数据库的服务器硬件
1.4.1 检查memory
grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
1.4.2 检查/tmp
df -h /tmp
1.4.3 检查Swap
free
1.4.4 检查Disk
df -h
1.4.5 检查系统架构
uname -a
1.4.4 检查共享内存（/dev/shm）
df -h
2 数据库安装前准备
[root@node1 ~]# cat /etc/oracle-release
Oracle Linux Server release 7.5
2.1 配置主机名，域名和IP地址对应关系
[root@node1 ~]# cat /etc/hostname
[root@node1 ~]# echo 'node1.oracle18c.com'>>/etc/hostname
[root@node1 ~]# cat /etc/hostname
node1.oracle18c.com
[root@node1 ~]# hostname node1.oracle18c.com
[root@node1 ~]# hostname
node1.oracle18c.com
[root@node1 ~]# echo '192.168.169.129 node1.oracle18c.com'>>/etc/hosts
[root@node1 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.169.129 node1.oracle18c.com
2.2 更新系统到最新
[root@node1 ~]# yum -y update
[root@node1 ~]# reboot
2.3 关闭SELinux和 firewalld
[root@node1 ~]# sed -i s#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g /etc/selinux/config
[root@node1 ~]# egrep "SELINUX=disabled" /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
[root@node1 ~]# getenforce
Enforcing
[root@node1 ~]# setenforce 0
[root@node1 ~]# getenforce
Permissive
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl disable firewalld.service
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl status firewalld.service
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemonLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)Active: inactive (dead) since Mon 2018-10-22 14:24:58 CST; 8s agoDocs: man:firewalld(1)Process: 917 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid $FIREWALLD_ARGS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Main PID: 917 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Oct 22 13:39:00 node1.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Oct 22 13:39:00 node1.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
Oct 22 14:24:57 node1.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Oct 22 14:24:58 node1.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
[root@node1 ~]# reboot
..............
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl status firewalld.service
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemonLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)Active: inactive (dead)Docs: man:firewalld(1)
[root@node1 ~]# getenforce
Disabled
2.4 时间同步
[root@node1 ~]# crontab -e
#date sync
*/5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate 192.168.169.128 > /dev/null 2>&1
2.5 安装oracle preinstall预配置包
如果你的操作系统是Oracle Linux或者RedHat Linux，那么你可以通过Oracle RPM包来完成绝大部分的操作系统的配置Oracle Linux 6和Oracle Linux 7有该RPM包。挂载Oracle Linux 6和Oracle Linux 7镜像执行：
- yum install -y oracle-database-preinstall-18c.x86_64
Oracle Linux自动创建标准（非角色分配）Oracle安装所有者和组，并根据Oracle安装的要求设置其他内核配置设置。
检查RPM日志文件以查看系统配置更改。例如，在Oracle Linux 7上：
- /var/log/oracle-database-preinstall-18c/backup/timestamp/orakernel.log
[root@node1 ~]# yum list|grep oracle-database-preinstall
oracle-database-preinstall-18c.x86_64 1.0-1.el7 ol7_latest [root@node1 ~]# yum -y install oracle-database-preinstall-18c.x86_64
Loaded plugins: langpacks, ulninfo
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package oracle-database-preinstall-18c.x86_64 0:1.0-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: compat-libcap1 for package: oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: ksh for package: oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libaio-devel for package: oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: glibc-devel for package: oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: compat-libstdc++-33 for package: oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libstdc++-devel for package: oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package compat-libcap1.x86_64 0:1.10-7.el7 will be installed
---> Package compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64 0:3.2.3-72.el7 will be installed
---> Package glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.17-222.0.7.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: glibc-headers = 2.17-222.0.7.el7 for package: glibc-devel-2.17-222.0.7.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: glibc-headers for package: glibc-devel-2.17-222.0.7.el7.x86_64
---> Package ksh.x86_64 0:20120801-137.0.1.el7 will be installed
---> Package libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7 will be installed
---> Package libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.8.5-28.0.1.el7_5.1 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.17-222.0.7.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: kernel-headers >= 2.2.1 for package: glibc-headers-2.17-222.0.7.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: kernel-headers for package: glibc-headers-2.17-222.0.7.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package kernel-headers.x86_64 0:3.10.0-862.14.4.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved============================================================================================================================================Package Arch Version Repository Size
============================================================================================================================================
Installing:oracle-database-preinstall-18c x86_64 1.0-1.el7 ol7_latest 18 k
Installing for dependencies:compat-libcap1 x86_64 1.10-7.el7 ol7_latest 17 kcompat-libstdc++-33 x86_64 3.2.3-72.el7 ol7_latest 190 kglibc-devel x86_64 2.17-222.0.7.el7 ol7_latest 1.1 Mglibc-headers x86_64 2.17-222.0.7.el7 ol7_latest 679 kkernel-headers x86_64 3.10.0-862.14.4.el7 ol7_latest 7.1 Mksh x86_64 20120801-137.0.1.el7 ol7_latest 881 klibaio-devel x86_64 0.3.109-13.el7 ol7_latest 12 klibstdc++-devel x86_64 4.8.5-28.0.1.el7_5.1 ol7_latest 1.5 MTransaction Summary
============================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package (+8 Dependent packages)Total download size: 11 M
Installed size: 19 M
Downloading packages:
(1/9): compat-libcap1-1.10-7.el7.x86_64.rpm | 17 kB 00:00:03
(2/9): compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64.rpm | 190 kB 00:00:03
(3/9): glibc-headers-2.17-222.0.7.el7.x86_64.rpm | 679 kB 00:00:00
(4/9): glibc-devel-2.17-222.0.7.el7.x86_64.rpm | 1.1 MB 00:00:01
(5/9): ksh-20120801-137.0.1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 881 kB 00:00:00
(6/9): libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm | 12 kB 00:00:00
(7/9): kernel-headers-3.10.0-862.14.4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 7.1 MB 00:00:02
(8/9): libstdc++-devel-4.8.5-28.0.1.el7_5.1.x86_64.rpm | 1.5 MB 00:00:01
(9/9): oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 18 kB 00:00:00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 1.7 MB/s | 11 MB 00:00:06
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transactionInstalling : ksh-20120801-137.0.1.el7.x86_64 1/9 Installing : kernel-headers-3.10.0-862.14.4.el7.x86_64 2/9 Installing : glibc-headers-2.17-222.0.7.el7.x86_64 3/9 Installing : glibc-devel-2.17-222.0.7.el7.x86_64 4/9 Installing : libstdc++-devel-4.8.5-28.0.1.el7_5.1.x86_64 5/9 Installing : libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64 6/9 Installing : compat-libcap1-1.10-7.el7.x86_64 7/9 Installing : compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64 8/9 Installing : oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64 9/9 Verifying : oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64 1/9 Verifying : glibc-headers-2.17-222.0.7.el7.x86_64 2/9 Verifying : glibc-devel-2.17-222.0.7.el7.x86_64 3/9 Verifying : compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64 4/9 Verifying : compat-libcap1-1.10-7.el7.x86_64 5/9 Verifying : libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64 6/9 Verifying : libstdc++-devel-4.8.5-28.0.1.el7_5.1.x86_64 7/9 Verifying : kernel-headers-3.10.0-862.14.4.el7.x86_64 8/9 Verifying : ksh-20120801-137.0.1.el7.x86_64 9/9 Installed:oracle-database-preinstall-18c.x86_64 0:1.0-1.el7 Dependency Installed:compat-libcap1.x86_64 0:1.10-7.el7 compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64 0:3.2.3-72.el7 glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.17-222.0.7.el7 glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.17-222.0.7.el7 kernel-headers.x86_64 0:3.10.0-862.14.4.el7 ksh.x86_64 0:20120801-137.0.1.el7 libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7 libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.8.5-28.0.1.el7_5.1 Complete![root@node1 ~]# sysctl -p
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 1073741824
kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104
kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500[root@node1 ~]# cat /var/log/oracle-database-preinstall-18c/backup/Nov-02-2018-18-05-44/orakernel.log
Adding group oinstall with gid 54321
Adding group dba with gid 54322
Adding group oper with gid 54323
Adding group backupdba with gid 54324
Adding group dgdba with gid 54325
Adding group kmdba with gid 54326
Adding group racdba with gid 54330
Adding user oracle with user id 54321, initial login group oinstall, supplementary groups oinstall,dba,oper,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,racdba and home directory /home/oracle
Changing ownership of /home/oracle to oracle:oinstall
Please set password for user - oracle
uid=54321(oracle) gid=54321(oinstall) groups=54321(oinstall),54322(dba),54323(oper),54324(backupdba),54325(dgdba),54326(kmdba),54330(racdba)
User creation passed Saving a copy of the initial sysctl.conf
Verifying kernel parameters as per Oracle recommendations...
Trying to remove instances of - setting for fs.file-max is
Adding fs.file-max = 6815744
Trying to remove instances of - setting for kernel.sem is
Adding kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
Trying to remove instances of - setting for kernel.shmmni is
Adding kernel.shmmni = 4096
Trying to remove instances of - setting for kernel.shmall is
Adding kernel.shmall = 1073741824
Trying to remove instances of - setting for kernel.shmmax is
Adding kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104
Trying to remove instances of - setting for kernel.panic_on_oops is
Adding kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
Trying to remove instances of - setting for net.core.rmem_default is
Adding net.core.rmem_default = 262144
Trying to remove instances of - setting for net.core.rmem_max is
Adding net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
Trying to remove instances of - setting for net.core.wmem_default is
Adding net.core.wmem_default = 262144
Trying to remove instances of - setting for net.core.wmem_max is
Adding net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
Trying to remove instances of - setting for net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter is
Adding net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2
Trying to remove instances of - setting for net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter is
Adding net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2
Trying to remove instances of - setting for fs.aio-max-nr is
Adding fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
Trying to remove instances of - setting for net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range is
Adding net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
Setting kernel parameters as per oracle recommendations...
Altered file /etc/sysctl.conf
Saved a copy of the current file in /etc/sysctl.d/99-oracle-database-preinstall-18c-sysctl.conf
Check /etc/sysctl.d for backups
Verification & setting of kernel parameters passed Setting user limits using /etc/security/limits.d/oracle-database-preinstall-18c.confVerifying oracle user OS limits as per Oracle recommendations...
Adding oracle soft nofile 1024
Adding oracle hard nofile 65536
Adding oracle soft nproc 16384
Adding oracle hard nproc 16384
Adding oracle soft stack 10240
Adding oracle hard stack 32768
Adding oracle hard memlock 134217728
Adding oracle soft memlock 134217728
Setting oracle user OS limits as per Oracle recommendations...
Altered file /etc/security/limits.d/oracle-database-preinstall-18c.conf
Original file backed up at /var/log/oracle-database-preinstall-18c/backup/Nov-02-2018-18-05-44
Verification & setting of user limits passed Saving a copy of /etc/default/grub file in /etc/default/grub-initial.orabackup
Saving a copy of /etc/default/grub in /var/log/oracle-database-preinstall-18c/backup/Nov-02-2018-18-05-44...
Verifying kernel boot parameters as per Oracle recommendations...
old boot params: "crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=ol/root rd.lvm.lv=ol/swap rhgb quiet"
new boot params: "crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=ol/root rd.lvm.lv=ol/swap rhgb quiet numa=off"old boot params: "crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=ol/root rd.lvm.lv=ol/swap rhgb quiet numa=off"
new boot params: "crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=ol/root rd.lvm.lv=ol/swap rhgb quiet numa=off transparent_hugepage=never"Setting kernel boot parameters as per Oracle recommendations...
G_DIR=/boot/grub2
Default kernel is -> 4.1.12-124.20.7.el7uek.x86_64
Default saved_entry is -> Oracle Linux Server 7.5, with Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel 4.1.12-124.20.7.el7uek.x86_64
Default saved_entry_line is -> linux16 /vmlinuz-4.1.12-124.20.7.el7uek.x86_64
Saving a copy of grubenv... in /var/log/oracle-database-preinstall-18c/backup/Nov-02-2018-18-05-44
Generating grub configuration file ...
File descriptor 199 (/run/lock/subsys/oracle-preinstall.lock) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 16386: /usr/sbin/grub2-probe
File descriptor 199 (/run/lock/subsys/oracle-preinstall.lock) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 16386: /usr/sbin/grub2-probe
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.1.12-124.20.7.el7uek.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-4.1.12-124.20.7.el7uek.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.1.12-112.16.4.el7uek.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-4.1.12-112.16.4.el7uek.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-862.14.4.el7.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-862.14.4.el7.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-41e34e66af084da48e41b028989d9ef8
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-41e34e66af084da48e41b028989d9ef8.img
File descriptor 199 (/run/lock/subsys/oracle-preinstall.lock) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 16850: /usr/sbin/grub2-probe
File descriptor 199 (/run/lock/subsys/oracle-preinstall.lock) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 16850: /usr/sbin/grub2-probe
done
The saved kernel 4.1.12-124.20.7.el7uek.x86_64 is now at position - 0
Boot parameters will be effected on next reboot
Altered file /etc/default/grub
Copy of the changed file is in - /etc/default/grub-oracle-database-preinstall-18c.orabackup
Copy of the original file is in - /var/log/oracle-database-preinstall-18c/backup/Nov-02-2018-18-05-44
Verification & setting of boot parameters passed Trying to add NOZEROCONF parameter...
Taking a backup of existing file to /etc/sysconfig/network.orabackup
Successfully added parameter NOZEROCONF to /etc/sysconfig/network
Setting /etc/sysconfig/network parameters passed Disabling Transparent Hugepages.
Refer Oracle Note:1557478.1Disabling defrag.
Refer Oracle Note:1557478.1Taking a backup of old config files under /var/log/oracle-database-preinstall-18c/backup/Nov-02-2018-18-05-44
- 由于修改了内核参数，需要重启一下
[root@node1 ~]# reboot
2.6 安装操作系统必备的软件包
[root@node1 ~]# yum -y install binutils gcc gcc-c++ compat-libstdc++-33 glibc glibc.i686 glibc-devel ksh libgcc.i686 libstdc++-devel libaio libaio.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel.i686 libXtst libXtst.i686 libX11 libX11.i686 libXau libXau.i686 libxcb libxcb.i686 libXi libXi.i686 make sysstat compat-libcap1
Loaded plugins: langpacks, ulninfo
Package binutils-2.27-28.base.el7_5.1.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package glibc-2.17-222.0.7.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package glibc-devel-2.17-222.0.7.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package ksh-20120801-137.0.1.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package libstdc++-devel-4.8.5-28.0.1.el7_5.1.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package libXtst-1.2.3-1.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package libX11-1.6.5-1.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package libXau-1.0.8-2.1.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package libxcb-1.12-1.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package libXi-1.7.9-1.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package 1:make-3.82-23.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package sysstat-10.1.5-13.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package compat-libcap1-1.10-7.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package gcc.x86_64 0:4.8.5-28.0.1.el7_5.1 will be installed
---> Package gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.8.5-28.0.1.el7_5.1 will be installed
---> Package glibc.i686 0:2.17-222.0.7.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libfreebl3.so for package: glibc-2.17-222.0.7.el7.i686
--> Processing Dependency: libfreebl3.so(NSSRAWHASH_3.12.3) for package: glibc-2.17-222.0.7.el7.i686
---> Package libX11.i686 0:1.6.5-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package libXau.i686 0:1.0.8-2.1.el7 will be installed
---> Package libXi.i686 0:1.7.9-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libXext.so.6 for package: libXi-1.7.9-1.el7.i686
---> Package libXtst.i686 0:1.2.3-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package libaio.i686 0:0.3.109-13.el7 will be installed
---> Package libaio-devel.i686 0:0.3.109-13.el7 will be installed
---> Package libgcc.i686 0:4.8.5-28.0.1.el7_5.1 will be installed
---> Package libxcb.i686 0:1.12-1.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libXext.i686 0:1.3.3-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package nss-softokn-freebl.i686 0:3.36.0-5.0.1.el7_5 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved=========================================================================================================================================================================================================================================Package Arch Version Repository Size
=========================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:gcc x86_64 4.8.5-28.0.1.el7_5.1 ol7_latest 16 Mgcc-c++ x86_64 4.8.5-28.0.1.el7_5.1 ol7_latest 7.2 Mglibc i686 2.17-222.0.7.el7 ol7_latest 4.2 MlibX11 i686 1.6.5-1.el7 ol7_latest 610 klibXau i686 1.0.8-2.1.el7 ol7_latest 28 klibXi i686 1.7.9-1.el7 ol7_latest 40 klibXtst i686 1.2.3-1.el7 ol7_latest 20 klibaio i686 0.3.109-13.el7 ol7_latest 24 klibaio-devel i686 0.3.109-13.el7 ol7_latest 12 klibgcc i686 4.8.5-28.0.1.el7_5.1 ol7_latest 108 klibxcb i686 1.12-1.el7 ol7_latest 226 k
Installing for dependencies:libXext i686 1.3.3-3.el7 ol7_latest 38 knss-softokn-freebl i686 3.36.0-5.0.1.el7_5 ol7_latest 212 kTransaction Summary
=========================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install 11 Packages (+2 Dependent packages)Total download size: 29 M
Installed size: 72 M
Downloading packages:
(1/13): gcc-c++-4.8.5-28.0.1.el7_5.1.x86_64.rpm | 7.2 MB 00:04:14
(2/13): glibc-2.17-222.0.7.el7.i686.rpm | 4.2 MB 00:02:34
(3/13): libX11-1.6.5-1.el7.i686.rpm | 610 kB 00:00:22
(4/13): libXau-1.0.8-2.1.el7.i686.rpm | 28 kB 00:00:00
(5/13): libXext-1.3.3-3.el7.i686.rpm | 38 kB 00:00:01
(6/13): libXi-1.7.9-1.el7.i686.rpm | 40 kB 00:00:02
(7/13): libXtst-1.2.3-1.el7.i686.rpm | 20 kB 00:00:01
(8/13): libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.i686.rpm | 24 kB 00:00:01
(9/13): libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.i686.rpm | 12 kB 00:00:00
(10/13): libgcc-4.8.5-28.0.1.el7_5.1.i686.rpm | 108 kB 00:00:03
(11/13): libxcb-1.12-1.el7.i686.rpm | 226 kB 00:00:09
(12/13): nss-softokn-freebl-3.36.0-5.0.1.el7_5.i686.rpm | 212 kB 00:00:09
(13/13): gcc-4.8.5-28.0.1.el7_5.1.x86_64.rpm | 16 MB 00:09:06
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 54 kB/s | 29 MB 00:09:06
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transactionInstalling : libgcc-4.8.5-28.0.1.el7_5.1.i686 1/13 Installing : nss-softokn-freebl-3.36.0-5.0.1.el7_5.i686 2/13 Installing : glibc-2.17-222.0.7.el7.i686 3/13 Installing : gcc-4.8.5-28.0.1.el7_5.1.x86_64 4/13 Installing : libXau-1.0.8-2.1.el7.i686 5/13 Installing : libxcb-1.12-1.el7.i686 6/13 Installing : libX11-1.6.5-1.el7.i686 7/13 Installing : libXext-1.3.3-3.el7.i686 8/13 Installing : libXi-1.7.9-1.el7.i686 9/13 Installing : libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.i686 10/13 Installing : libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.i686 11/13 Installing : gcc-c++-4.8.5-28.0.1.el7_5.1.x86_64 12/13 Installing : libXtst-1.2.3-1.el7.i686 13/13 Verifying : libXtst-1.2.3-1.el7.i686 1/13 Verifying : libXext-1.3.3-3.el7.i686 2/13 Verifying : gcc-c++-4.8.5-28.0.1.el7_5.1.x86_64 3/13 Verifying : libgcc-4.8.5-28.0.1.el7_5.1.i686 4/13 Verifying : libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.i686 5/13 Verifying : libXi-1.7.9-1.el7.i686 6/13 Verifying : gcc-4.8.5-28.0.1.el7_5.1.x86_64 7/13 Verifying : libXau-1.0.8-2.1.el7.i686 8/13 Verifying : libX11-1.6.5-1.el7.i686 9/13 Verifying : libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.i686 10/13 Verifying : glibc-2.17-222.0.7.el7.i686 11/13 Verifying : libxcb-1.12-1.el7.i686 12/13 Verifying : nss-softokn-freebl-3.36.0-5.0.1.el7_5.i686 13/13 Installed:gcc.x86_64 0:4.8.5-28.0.1.el7_5.1 gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.8.5-28.0.1.el7_5.1 glibc.i686 0:2.17-222.0.7.el7 libX11.i686 0:1.6.5-1.el7 libXau.i686 0:1.0.8-2.1.el7 libXi.i686 0:1.7.9-1.el7 libXtst.i686 0:1.2.3-1.el7 libaio.i686 0:0.3.109-13.el7 libaio-devel.i686 0:0.3.109-13.el7 libgcc.i686 0:4.8.5-28.0.1.el7_5.1 libxcb.i686 0:1.12-1.el7 Dependency Installed:libXext.i686 0:1.3.3-3.el7 nss-softokn-freebl.i686 0:3.36.0-5.0.1.el7_5 Complete!
2.7 调整Linux的系统参数
Oracle预配置包设置的参数是固定的，对于自己的系统有些参数不是最佳实践，需要进行调整
2.7.1 修改操作系统的内核参数
2.7.1.1 文档参考
Maximum SHMMAX values for Linux x86 and x86-64 (文档 ID 567506.1)
QUESTION 2
What is the maximum value of SHMMAX for a 64-bit (x86-64) Linux system?
ANSWER 2
Oracle Global Customer Support officially recommends a " maximum" for SHMMAX of “1/2 of physical RAM”.
The maximum size of a shared memory segment is limited by the size of the available user address space. On 64-bit systems, this is a theoretical 2^64bytes. So the “theoretical limit” for SHMMAX is the amount of physical RAM that you have. However, to actually attempt to use such a value could potentially lead to a situation where no system memory is available for anything else. Therefore a more realistic “physical limit” for SHMMAX would probably be “physical RAM - 2Gb”.
In an Oracle RDBMS application, this “physical limit” still leaves inadequate system memory for other necessary functions. Therefore, the common “Oracle maximum” for SHMMAX that you will often see is “1/2 of physical RAM”. Many Oracle customers chose a higher fraction, at their discretion.
Occasionally, Customers may erroneously think that that setting the SHMMAX as recommended in this NOTE limits the total SGA. That is not true. Setting the SHMMAX as recommended only causes a few more “shared memory segments” to be used for whatever total SGA that you subsequently configure in Oracle. For additional detail, please see
Document 15566.1, “SGA, SHMMAX, Semaphores and Shared Memory Explained”
Also to be taken into consideration for memory configuration is the kernel parameter for kernel.shmall which is the total amount of shared memory, in pages, that the system can use at one time. Review:
Document 301830.1 Upon startup of Linux database get ORA-27102: out of memory Linux-X86_64 Error: 28: No space left on device
2.7.1.2 内核参数说明
- Kernel.shmall
This parameter controls the total amount of shared memory (in pages) that can be used at one time on the system. In short, the value of this parameter should always be at least:
ceil(SHMMAX/PAGE_SIZE)
Kernel.shmall：控制共享内存页数，以页数为单位。Linux 共享内存页大小为4096 Bytes（4 KB）, 共享内存段（Kernel.shmmax）的大小都是共享内存页（Kernel.shmall）大小的整数倍。假设一个共享内存段的最大大小是16G，那么需要共享内存页数是16GB/4KB=17179869184/4096=4194304 （页），也就是64Bit系统下16GB物理内存，设置kernel.shmall=4194304才符合要求(是原来设置2097152的两倍)。这时可以将Kernel.shmmax参数调整到17179869184（16G）。
- Kernel.shmmax
Kernel.shmmax（Available physical memory）Defines the maximum allowable size of one shared memory segment. The SHMMAX setting should be large enough to hold the entire SGA in one shared memory segment. A low setting can cause creation of multiple shared memory segments which may lead to performance degradation
Kernel.shmmax是核心参数中最重要的参数之一，含义：单个共享内存段最大字节数，shmmax设置应该足够大，能在一个共享内存段下容纳下整个的SGA,设置的过低可能会导致需要创建多个共享内存段，这样可能导致系统性能的下降，最大值为物理内存大小(在大多数情况下，该值应该比SGA大)。
- Kernel.shmmni
Kernel.shmmni：共享内存段的最大数量，shmmni 缺省值 4096 ，一般肯定是够用了
- Kernel.sem(SEMMSL SEMMNS SEMOPM SEMMNI)
SEMMSL：每个信号量集中的最大信号量数，应该设置为服务器中各个实例中PROCESSES参数的和+10；
SEMMNS：系统中信号量的最大数，参数应设置为SEMMSL*SEMMNI；
SEMOPM：每个信号量调用所包含的最大操作数；
SEMMNI：系统中信号量集的最大数。
2.7.1.3 修改内核参数
- 查看操作系统页大小
[root@node1 ~]# getconf PAGE_SIZE
4096
[root@node1 ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
# sysctl settings are defined through files in
# /usr/lib/sysctl.d/, /run/sysctl.d/, and /etc/sysctl.d/.
#
# Vendors settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/.
# To override a whole file, create a new file with the same in
# /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there. To override
# only specific settings, add a file with a lexically later
# name in /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there.
#
# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).# oracle-database-preinstall-18c setting for fs.file-max is 6815744
fs.file-max = 6815744# oracle-database-preinstall-18c setting for kernel.sem is '250 32000 100 128'
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128# oracle-database-preinstall-18c setting for kernel.shmmni is 4096
kernel.shmmni = 4096# oracle-database-preinstall-18c setting for kernel.shmall is 1073741824 on x86_64
kernel.shmall = 4194304# oracle-database-preinstall-18c setting for kernel.shmmax is 4398046511104 on x86_64
kernel.shmmax = 17179869184# oracle-database-preinstall-18c setting for kernel.panic_on_oops is 1 per Orabug 19212317
kernel.panic_on_oops = 1# oracle-database-preinstall-18c setting for net.core.rmem_default is 262144
net.core.rmem_default = 262144# oracle-database-preinstall-18c setting for net.core.rmem_max is 4194304
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304# oracle-database-preinstall-18c setting for net.core.wmem_default is 262144
net.core.wmem_default = 262144# oracle-database-preinstall-18c setting for net.core.wmem_max is 1048576
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576# oracle-database-preinstall-18c setting for net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter is 2
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2# oracle-database-preinstall-18c setting for net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter is 2
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2# oracle-database-preinstall-18c setting for fs.aio-max-nr is 1048576
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576# oracle-database-preinstall-18c setting for net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range is 9000 65500
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500[root@node1 ~]# sysctl -p
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 4194304
kernel.shmmax = 17179869184
kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
2.8 修改Oracle用户的Shell限制
[root@node1 ~]# cat /etc/security/limits.d/oracle-database-preinstall-18c.conf# oracle-database-preinstall-18c setting for nofile soft limit is 1024
oracle soft nofile 1024# oracle-database-preinstall-18c setting for nofile hard limit is 65536
oracle hard nofile 65536# oracle-database-preinstall-18c setting for nproc soft limit is 16384
# refer orabug15971421 for more info.
oracle soft nproc 16384# oracle-database-preinstall-18c setting for nproc hard limit is 16384
oracle hard nproc 16384# oracle-database-preinstall-18c setting for stack soft limit is 10240KB
oracle soft stack 10240# oracle-database-preinstall-18c setting for stack hard limit is 32768KB
oracle hard stack 32768# oracle-database-preinstall-18c setting for memlock hard limit is maximum of 128GB on x86_64 or 3GB on x86 OR 90 % of RAM
oracle hard memlock 134217728# oracle-database-preinstall-18c setting for memlock soft limit is maximum of 128GB on x86_64 or 3GB on x86 OR 90% of RAM
oracle soft memlock 134217728
- 注意： limits.conf 文件发生更改时，这些更改立即生效。但是，如果Oracle用户已登录， 则这些更改将在注销这些用户并重新登录之后生效。
2.9 设置PAM
- 确保加载了最新版本的 PAM，然后在 /etc/pam.d/login 文件中添加或编辑以下行：
session required pam_limits.so
[root@node1 ~]# vi /etc/pam.d/login
#%PAM-1.0
auth [user_unknown=ignore success=ok ignore=ignore default=bad] pam_securetty.so
auth substack system-auth
auth include postlogin
account required pam_nologin.so
account include system-auth
password include system-auth
# pam_selinux.so close should be the first session rule
session required pam_selinux.so close
session required pam_loginuid.so
session optional pam_console.so
# pam_selinux.so open should only be followed by sessions to be executed in the user context
session required pam_selinux.so open
session required pam_namespace.so
session optional pam_keyinit.so force revoke
session include system-auth
session include postlogin
-session optional pam_ck_connector.sosession required pam_limits.so
2.10 创建用户和组,设置oracle用户的密码
- 可以在预安装包的log中找到如下信息
Adding group oinstall with gid 54321
Adding group dba with gid 54322
Adding group oper with gid 54323
Adding group backupdba with gid 54324
Adding group dgdba with gid 54325
Adding group kmdba with gid 54326
Adding group racdba with gid 54330
Adding user oracle with user id 54321, initial login group oinstall, supplementary groups oinstall,dba,oper,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,racdba and home directory /home/oracle
Changing ownership of /home/oracle to oracle:oinstall
Please set password for user - oracle
uid=54321(oracle) gid=54321(oinstall) groups=54321(oinstall),54322(dba),54323(oper),54324(backupdba),54325(dgdba),54326(kmdba),54330(racdba)
User creation passed
- 查看一下oracle用户的信息，并设置oracle用户的密码
[root@node1 ~]# id oracle
uid=54321(oracle) gid=54321(oinstall) groups=54321(oinstall),54322(dba),54323(oper),54324(backupdba),54325(dgdba),54326(kmdba),54330(racdba)
[root@node1 ~]# passwd oracle
Changing password for user oracle.
New password:
BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters
Retype new password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
2.11 创建目录
[root@node1 ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/18.3.0/dbhome_1
[root@node1 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
[root@node1 ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01/
2.12 设置环境变量
[root@node1 ~]# su - oracle[oracle@node1 ~]$ vi .bash_profile
# .bash_profile# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then. ~/.bashrc
fi# User specific environment and startup programsPATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/binexport PATHexport ORACLE_SID=orcl;
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=orcl;
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java;
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle;
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/18.3.0/dbhome_1;
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm;
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY:MM:DDHH24:MI:SS";
#export NLS_LANG=american_america.ZHS16GBK;
export export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin;
export ORA_NLS11=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data;
export PATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORA_CRS_HOME/bin
export PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/binexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/libexport CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlibexport THREADS_FLAG=native;
export TEMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=/tmp
umask 022[oracle@node1 ~]$ source .bash_profile
3 安装Oracle Database 18c (18.3)
3.1 下载Oracle Database 18c (18.3)安装包
LINUX.X64_180000_db_home.zip
(sha256sum - c96a4fd768787af98272008833fe10b172691cf84e42816b138c12d4de63ab96)
下载地址：https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/oracle18c-linux-180000-5022980.html
3.2 安装database软件
- 注意：直接将安装文件解压到Oracle Home下，这里和Oracle18c之前的版本不同，之前的版本解压的安装文件可以在任何位置，Oracle 18C 解压的安装文件必须在Oracle Home下。然后仅可以从Oracle Home运行runInstaller命令。不要从任何其他位置运行runInstaller。
[root@node1 ~]# sha256sum LINUX.X64_180000_db_home.zip
c96a4fd768787af98272008833fe10b172691cf84e42816b138c12d4de63ab96 LINUX.X64_180000_db_home.zip[root@node1 ~]# cp LINUX.X64_180000_db_home.zip /u01/app/oracle/product/18.3.0/dbhome_1/[root@node1 ~]# cd /u01/app/oracle/product/18.3.0/dbhome_1/[root@node1 dbhome_1]# ll
total 4457668
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4564649047 Nov 3 10:28 LINUX.X64_180000_db_home.zip[root@node1 dbhome_1]# chown oracle.oinstall LINUX.X64_180000_db_home.zip[root@node1 dbhome_1]# su - oracle
Last login: Sat Nov 3 10:10:17 CST 2018 on pts/0[oracle@node1 ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/18.3.0/dbhome_1/[oracle@node1 dbhome_1]$ ll
total 4457668
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 4564649047 Nov 3 10:28 LINUX.X64_180000_db_home.zip[oracle@node1 dbhome_1]$ unzip LINUX.X64_180000_db_home.zip
----
[oracle@node1 dbhome_1]$ ls
addnode dbs instantclient mgw oss root.sh srvm
apex deinstall inventory network oui root.sh.old suptools
assistants demo javavm nls owm root.sh.old.1 ucp
bin diagnostics jdbc odbc perl runInstaller usm
clone dmu jdk olap plsql schagent.conf utl
crs drdaas jlib OPatch precomp sdk wwg
css dv ldap opmn QOpatch slax xdk
ctx env.ora lib oracore R sqldeveloper
cv has LINUX.X64_180000_db_home.zip ord racg sqlj
data hs log ordim rdbms sqlpatch
dbjava install md ords relnotes sqlplus
3.2.1 开始安装
- 切换到Oracle用户进去Oracle Home目录执行./runInstaller安装Oracle 18c数据库软件
[oracle@node1 dbhome_1]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/18.3.0/dbhome_1
[oracle@node1 dbhome_1]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.169.1:0.0
[oracle@node1 dbhome_1]$ ./runInstaller
Launching Oracle Database Setup Wizard...
3.2.2 选择仅安装类型
- 这里选择仅安装数据库软件，软件安装成功之后在通过执行DBCA命令创建数据库，如果选择第一个，则数据库会一起被创建。
3.2.3 选择安装数据库类型
- 这里选择安装单实例
3.2.4 选择数据库版本
- 选择企业版
3.2.5 Oracle 软件安装位置
3.2.6 Inventory安装位置
3.2.7 操作系统权限组配置
3.2.8 先决条件检查
- 根据提示信息可以发现Oracle 建议使用8G内存，当前只有7.8G，忽略继续下一步。
3.2.9 执行安装
- 总结页面，点下一步
-开始安装
3.2.10 在操作系统root用户下执行以下两个脚本
[root@node1 ~]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
[root@node1 ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/18.3.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
Performing root user operation.The following environment variables are set as:ORACLE_OWNER= oracleORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/18.3.0/dbhome_1Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Do you want to setup Oracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA) now ? yes|[no] :
yes
Installing Oracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA).
Log File: /u01/app/oracle/product/18.3.0/dbhome_1/install/root_node1.oracle18c.com_2018-11-03_10-58-27-768172306.log
Finished installing Oracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA)
3.2.11 成功安装
3.3 DBCA创建数据库
- 可以通过手动执行命令方式来创建数据库，也可通过DBCA来创建。推荐是使用DBCA方式，方便而且不容易出错。
3.3.1 在Oracle用户下执行DBCA命令创建数据库
[oracle@node1 ~]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.169.1:0.0
[oracle@node1 ~]$ dbca
- 第一次安装的时候只能选择上面两项，如果已经创建数据库，则Delete database选择可以选择执行删除数据库。
3.3.2 选择数据库创建方式
- 选择高级配置，很多选项可以自定义。
3.3.3 选择数据库开发类型
- 选择一般用途
3.3.4 指定数据库标识
- 这里可以选择创建CDB数据库，可以选择创建空CDB或者可以选择创建CDB和一个或多个PDB并输入PDB名称。
3.3.5 指定数据文件存放位置
- 因为这里单实例所以放在本地文件系统。
3.3.6 选择闪回区选项
- 指定闪回区位置及大小及是否开启归档
3.3.7 选择网络配置
- 这里如果选择创建新的监听，则数据库会自动创建个新监听。可以不创建监听，在数据库安装完成后再用netca手动创建监听。
3.8. 选择Oracle Data Vault 配置选项
3.9. 配置内存进程字符集等选项
配置内存大小
在典型安装期间，使用Oracle Database Configuration Assistant（DBCA）创建数据库，并启用自动内存管理。如果选择“高级安装”，则可以手动指定内存分配，也可以启用自动内存管理。
如果数据库实例的总物理内存大于4 GB，则在数据库安装和创建期间无法选择Oracle自动内存管理选项。而是使用自动共享内存管理。自动共享内存管理可根据需要自动在各种组件之间分配可用内存，从而允许系统最大限度地使用所有可用的SGA内存。
通过自动内存管理，Oracle数据库实例可以自动为你管理和调整内存。通过自动内存管理，可以选择memory target,，实例会自动在系统全局区域（SGA）和实例程序全局区域（实例PGA）之间分配内存。随着内存需求的变化，实例会动态地在SGA和实例PGA之间重新分配内存。
可以在数据库安装期间或之后启用自动内存管理。安装后启用自动内存管理涉及关闭并重新启动数据库。
注意：
默认情况下，在具有4 GB以上内存的节点上执行典型安装时，将禁用自动内存管理。配置进程数
配置字符集
当根的字符集是AL32UTF8时，插入(plugged into)CDB或克隆的PDB可以具有与根不同的字符集。从CDB seed创建的PDB从其继承AL32UTF8，但可以将PDB迁移到其他字符集。
当根的字符集不是AL32UTF8时，CDB中的所有PDB都使用root的字符集。
Oracle建议CDB数据库字符集使用AL32UTF8，CDB国家字符集使用AL16UTF16，因为它们提供了最大的灵活性。
为CDB选择数据库字符集时，必须考虑要合并（插入）到此CDB的数据库的当前字符集。配置连接模式
此处选择专用服务器模式选择是否安示例认schema
3.3.10 是否开启EM
3.3.11 配置管理用户密码
- 这里为管理用户设置统一密码。
3.3.12 选择创建数据库选项
- 选择创建数据库
3.3.13 总结页面
3.3.14 创建数据库
3.3.15 数据库创建成功
3.4 Netca创建监听
3.4.1 创建监听服务
- 在DBCA创建数据库的时候如果勾选创建新的监听则会自动创建监听，不需要在创建数据库之后在使用netca手动创建监听。
- 在命令行执行DBCA手动创建监听
[oracle@node1 ~]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.169.1:0.0
[oracle@node1 ~]$ netca
3.4.2 启用监听服务
在Linux 操作系统登录Oracle执行命令netmgr，选择要添加的监服务的监听，这里是默认创建的监听。
在右上角现在数据库服务。单机左下角的添加地址，界面入如下。修改对应的全局数据库名，Oracle Home,SID
对应修改为数据库对应信息。
单机文件-保存网络配置，即可完成网络配置。
3.4.3 启动和停止监听
- lsnrctl start
- lsnrctl stop
- lsnrctl status
[oracle@node1 ~]$ lsnrctl statusLSNRCTL for Linux: Version 18.0.0.0.0 - Production on 03-NOV-2018 13:50:00Copyright (c) 1991, 2018, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=node1.oracle18c.com)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 18.0.0.0.0 - Production
Start Date 03-NOV-2018 11:30:19
Uptime 0 days 2 hr. 19 min. 40 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/18.3.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/node1/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=node1.oracle18c.com)(PORT=1521)))(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=node1.oracle18c.com)(PORT=5500))(Security=(my_wallet_directory=/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))
Services Summary...
Service "64a52f53a7683286e053cda9e80aed76.oracle18c.com" has 1 instance(s).Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "79bb6fc63c775d5ae05381a9a8c0a1c6.oracle18c.com" has 1 instance(s).Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orcl.oracle18c.com" has 1 instance(s).Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB.oracle18c.com" has 1 instance(s).Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "pdb_a.oracle18c.com" has 1 instance(s).Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
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