技术(Technology)

Let’s do a thought experiment together. You walk into a supermarket but are not sure what you want to eat. You know you want the dinner to be no more than 600 calories per person, and need to feed four people. But you prefer a Mediterranean-type approach to diet, while your picky kid is more in the keto domain. No worries, as young folks are apt to say. Enter ambient intelligence.

我们一起做一个思想实验。 您走进一家超市，但不确定要吃什么。 您知道您想要的晚餐每人不超过600卡路里，并且需要养活4个人。 但是您更喜欢地中海式饮食，而挑剔的孩子更多地属于酮类。 不用担心，就像年轻人容易说的那样。 输入环境情报。

You make your choices remarkably quickly, given your market of choice is run by ambient intelligence. The store products communicate with you as you browse the store aisles. These market objects contain intuitive and intelligent interfaces. These objects respond to your presence and even your behavior in a highly personalized way.

鉴于您的选择市场是由环境智能管理的，因此您可以Swift做出显着的选择。 在您浏览商店过道时，商店产品会与您通信。 这些市场对象包含直观和智能的界面。 这些对象以高度个性化的方式响应您的存在，甚至响应您的行为。

Your preferred shopping venue has invested in ambient intelligence. This emerging field that offers intelligence in daily living objects while making our environments more sensitive to humans.

您首选的购物场所已投资于环境智能。 这个新兴领域为日常生活中的物体提供情报，同时使我们的环境对人类更加敏感。

Today we turn to this exciting new discipline and its use in the healthcare realm. Ambient intelligence builds on advances in artificial intelligence, sensors and sensor networks, and pervasive computing.

今天，我们转向这一令人振奋的新学科及其在医疗领域的应用。 环境智能建立在人工智能，传感器和传感器网络以及普适计算的进步之上。

Artificial intelligence protocols to reduce medical errors

人工智能协议可减少医疗错误

Artificial intelligence can save lives. Let’s look at a new study recently published in the journal Nature. Stanford researchers report AI and sensor-based “ambient intelligence” protocols to prevent medical errors and improve outcomes. One can:

人工智能可以挽救生命。 让我们看一下最近发表在《自然》杂志上的一项新研究。 斯坦福大学的研究人员报告了AI和基于传感器的“环境智能”协议，以防止医疗错误并改善结果。 一罐：

• alert clinicians and visitors when they fail to sanitize their hands before entering a hospital room;
  当临床医生和来访者未能进入医院之前对其双手进行消毒时，应向他们发出警报；
• monitor the elderly for behavioral clues of impending health crises;
  监测老年人的健康危机的行为线索；
• prompt caregivers, remote clinicians, and patients to make life-saving interventions.
  提示护理人员，远程临床医生和患者采取挽救生命的干预措施。

By building technologies into health care delivery spaces, we can reduce the rate of fatal errors. As bedside care becomes ever more complex, such an approach will become increasingly valuable. The study authors’ examples include attempting to reduce the number of patients in the intensive care unit who experience nosocomial (originating in the hospital) infections.

通过将技术构建到医疗保健交付空间中，我们可以减少致命错误的发生率。 随着床边护理变得越来越复杂，这种方法将变得越来越有价值。 研究作者的例子包括尝试减少重症监护病房中医院感染(在医院起源)感染的患者人数。

In one experiment, researchers placed a tablet near the door that offered a solid green screen that transitions to red when a hygiene failure happens. I am intrigued by a thermal sensor above a hospital bed that would enable the detection of writhing or twitching and alert clinical team members.

在一个实验中，研究人员在门旁放置了一个平板电脑，平板电脑提供了稳定的绿色屏幕，当发生卫生故障时，该屏幕会变为红色。 医院病床上方的热传感器令我着迷，该传感器可以检测出扭动或抽搐，并提醒临床团队成员。

Could sensors send an alert to a clinician when frail older individuals begin to move more slowly or stop regular eating?

当年老体弱的人开始缓慢运动或停止规律饮食时，传感器是否可以向临床医生发出警报？

Medical care is becoming extraordinarily complex. One of the study investigators observes that clinicians in a neonatal ICU had 600 bedside actions daily, for each patient. Even the best of we caregivers are at risk of committing an error, without the aid of technology tools to reduce risk.

医疗变得异常复杂。 一名研究调查人员观察到，新生儿重症监护病房的临床医生每天为每位患者进行600次床旁操作。 即使是我们最好的照料者，也可能会犯错误，而无需借助技术工具来降低风险。

更多环境情报用途 (More ambient intelligence uses)

Next, we turn to more examples of intuitive assistants. You probably know about Alexa, but nascent ambient products are a next-generation approach.

接下来，我们转向更多直观助手的示例。 您可能了解Alexa，但新生的环境产品是下一代方法。

1. A company called Neura is using ambient apps that learn the daily habits and medical needs of older folks. The Neura products can remind you which medicine to take at a given time. They communicate with wearable devices such as rings or watches and even monitor vital signs to show medicine efficacy.

   一家名为Neura的公司正在使用环境应用程序，这些应用程序可以学习老年人的日常习惯和医疗需求。 Neura产品可以提醒您在给定时间服用哪种药物。 它们与戒指或手表等可穿戴设备进行通讯，甚至监视生命体征以显示药物功效。

2. MirageTable is an augmented reality curved table that allows for a virtual 3D model, interactive gaming with real and virtual things, and a 3D teleconferencing experience.

   MirageTable是一种增强现实弯曲表，可用于虚拟3D模型，具有真实和虚拟事物的交互式游戏以及3D电话会议体验。

3. SmartSofa is a sofa equipped with a variety of sensors. Embedded in the sofa’s back are force-sensitive resistors and load sensors (connected to an Arduino microcontroller) and under its bottom pillows. These sensors allow for the detection of user presence in the room. It also notes the user’s posture (leaning forward or backward) and position (left, right, middle, etc.). Two sensors in the sofa’s side arms provide an invisible input control, allowing individuals to manipulate the interactive environment through mid-air hand gestures.

   SmartSofa是一张配有各种传感器的沙发。 力敏感的电阻器和负载传感器(连接至Arduino微控制器)嵌入在沙发的背面，并在其底部枕头下方。 这些传感器允许检测房间中用户的存在。 它还会记录用户的姿势(向前或向后倾斜)和位置(左，右，中间等)。 沙发侧臂中的两个传感器提供了不可见的输入控制，使个人可以通过空中手势来操纵交互式环境。

4. Startup AIsense is using ambient intelligence to create voice technology that transcribes conversations. A device records all conference participants’ voices and makes a full transcript after the meeting. Users can then perform an in-depth search of the material.

   初创公司AIsense正在使用环境智能来创建语音技术来转录对话。 设备会记录所有会议参与者的声音，并在会议结束后进行完整记录。 然后，用户可以对材料进行深入搜索。

The perils of ambient intelligence

环境智能的危险

I would be remiss if I did not pair my excitement about ambient intelligence with its perils. With the proliferation of ambient applications in our lives, we need to prioritize privacy and data sharing. These AmI tools will often invade our lives silently.

如果我没有将对环境智能的兴奋与危险相提并论，我将不知所措。 随着我们生活中环境应用程序的激增，我们需要优先考虑隐私和数据共享。 这些AmI工具通常会悄悄地入侵我们的生活。

In the health arena, are the ethical guidelines laid out in the Hippocratic Oath nearly 2,500 years ago about to collide with artificial intelligence (AI)? Learn more about medical ethics in this well-written Forbes piece:

在健康领域，将近2500年前希波克拉底誓言中提出的道德准则是否会与人工智能(AI)相冲突？ 通过以下精心撰写的《福布斯》文章，了解有关医疗道德的更多信息：

Thank you for joining me for this brief piece about AmI. I am curious what you think about ambient intelligence, both the promise and the peril. I’m Dr. Michael Hunter.

感谢您加入我的这篇有关AmI的简短文章。 我很好奇您对环境情报的看法，包括前景和危险。 我是Michael Hunter博士。

Benko H., Jota R., Wilson A. MirageTable: Freehand interaction on a projected augmented reality tabletop; Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems; Austin, TX, USA. 5–10 May 2012; New York, NY, USA: ACM; 2012. pp. 199–208.

Benko H.，Jota R.，Wilson A. MirageTable：投影增强现实桌面上的徒手交互； SIGCHI关于计算系统中人为因素的会议论文集； 美国德克萨斯州奥斯汀。 2012年5月5日至10日； 美国纽约州：ACM； 2012年，第199-208页。