先看一下动态效果图(慢放)：

首先生成迷宫：

主要用了两个算法：Prim和dfs

总结：Prim生成的比较像真正的迷宫，所以默认用了Prim生成迷宫

先输入n,m,会生成一个迷宫(prim生成)，然后会动态的走完整个迷宫。

走迷宫用的是bfs算法，具体不多说了，关键难点在于记录路径：

我是用一个path二维数组来记录路径的，每一个位置存的是这个位置的上一个位置，在输出的时候倒着从最后一个点回溯到第一个点存入一个栈，最后正常出栈就是路径了。

画路径：有上，下，左，右，上左，上右，下左，下右，左下，左上，右上，右下12中情况分类讨论(实在是太麻烦了)。

最后用pyinstaller生成exe

///全部代码：

import random

import numpy as np

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

import matplotlib.cm as cm

from collections import deque

import tkinter

#显示地图(图形化显示)

def show_maze(Maze):

plt.imshow(Maze, cmap=cm.Wistia_r, interpolation='none')

# plt.ion()

plt.show()

#用bfs查找路径

def find_path_bfs(image, M):

path = np.zeros((num_rows, num_cols, 2))

vis = np.zeros((num_rows, num_cols))

vis[0][0] = 1

Queue = deque()

Queue.append((0, 0))

while(Queue):

temp = Queue.popleft()

nr = temp[0]

nc = temp[1]

if (nc == num_cols - 1) and (nr == num_rows - 1):

show_path(image, path)

break

if (nc > 0) and (not vis[nr][nc - 1]) and (M[nr][nc][0]):

vis[nr][nc] = 1

Queue.append((nr, nc - 1))

path[nr][nc - 1][0] = nr

path[nr][nc - 1][1] = nc

if (nr > 0) and (not vis[nr - 1][nc]) and (M[nr][nc][1]):

vis[nr][nc] = 1

Queue.append((nr - 1, nc))

path[nr - 1][nc][0] = nr

path[nr - 1][nc][1] = nc

if (nc < num_cols - 1) and (not vis[nr][nc + 1]) and (M[nr][nc][2]):

vis[nr][nc] = 1

Queue.append((nr, nc + 1))

path[nr][nc + 1][0] = nr

path[nr][nc + 1][1] = nc

if (nr < num_rows - 1) and (not vis[nr + 1][nc]) and (M[nr][nc][3]):

vis[nr][nc] = 1

Queue.append((nr + 1, nc))

path[nr + 1][nc][0] = nr

path[nr + 1][nc][1] = nc

#prim算法生成地图

def Create_maze_prim():

M = np.zeros((num_rows, num_cols, 5))

image = np.zeros((num_rows * 10, num_cols * 10))

r = 0

c = 0

history = [(r, c)]

while history:

M[r, c, 4] = 1

check = []

if c > 0 and M[r, c - 1, 4] == 0:

check.append('L')

if r > 0 and M[r - 1, c, 4] == 0:

check.append('U')

if c < num_cols - 1 and M[r, c + 1, 4] == 0:

check.append('R')

if r < num_rows - 1 and M[r + 1, c, 4] == 0:

check.append('D')

if len(check):

history.append([r, c])

move_direction = random.choice(check)

if move_direction == 'L':

M[r, c, 0] = 1

c = c - 1

M[r, c, 2] = 1

if move_direction == 'U':

M[r, c, 1] = 1

r = r - 1

M[r, c, 3] = 1

if move_direction == 'R':

M[r, c, 2] = 1

c = c + 1

M[r, c, 0] = 1

if move_direction == 'D':

M[r, c, 3] = 1

r = r + 1

M[r, c, 1] = 1

else:

r, c = history.pop()

M[0, 0, 0] = 1

M[num_rows - 1, num_cols - 1, 2] = 1

for row in range(0, num_rows):

for col in range(0, num_cols):

cell_data = M[row, col]

for i in range(10 * row + 2, 10 * row + 8):

image[i, range(10 * col + 2, 10 * col + 8)] = 255

if cell_data[0] == 1:

image[range(10 * row + 2, 10 * row + 8), 10 * col] = 255

image[range(10 * row + 2, 10 * row + 8), 10 * col + 1] = 255

if cell_data[1] == 1:

image[10 * row, range(10 * col + 2, 10 * col + 8)] = 255

image[10 * row + 1, range(10 * col + 2, 10 * col + 8)] = 255

if cell_data[2] == 1:

image[range(10 * row + 2, 10 * row + 8), 10 * col + 9] = 255

image[range(10 * row + 2, 10 * row + 8), 10 * col + 8] = 255

if cell_data[3] == 1:

image[10 * row + 9, range(10 * col + 2, 10 * col + 8)] = 255

image[10 * row + 8, range(10 * col + 2, 10 * col + 8)] = 255

return M, image

#dfs方法生成地图

def Create_maze_dfs():

M = np.zeros((num_rows, num_cols, 5))

image = np.zeros((num_rows * 10, num_cols * 10))

r = 0

c = 0

history = [(r, c)]

while history:

r, c = random.choice(history)

M[r, c, 4] = 1

history.remove((r, c))

check = []

if c > 0:

if M[r, c - 1, 4] == 1:

check.append('L')

elif M[r, c - 1, 4] == 0:

history.append((r, c - 1))

M[r, c - 1, 4] = 2

if r > 0:

if M[r - 1, c, 4] == 1:

check.append('U')

elif M[r - 1, c, 4] == 0:

history.append((r - 1, c))

M[r - 1, c, 4] = 2

if c < num_cols - 1:

if M[r, c + 1, 4] == 1:

check.append('R')

elif M[r, c + 1, 4] == 0:

history.append((r, c + 1))

M[r, c + 1, 4] = 2

if r < num_rows - 1:

if M[r + 1, c, 4] == 1:

check.append('D')

elif M[r + 1, c, 4] == 0:

history.append((r + 1, c))

M[r + 1, c, 4] = 2

if len(check):

move_direction = random.choice(check)

if move_direction == 'L':

M[r, c, 0] = 1

c = c - 1

M[r, c, 2] = 1

if move_direction == 'U':

M[r, c, 1] = 1

r = r - 1

M[r, c, 3] = 1

if move_direction == 'R':

M[r, c, 2] = 1

c = c + 1

M[r, c, 0] = 1

if move_direction == 'D':

M[r, c, 3] = 1

r = r + 1

M[r, c, 1] = 1

M[0, 0, 0] = 1

M[num_rows - 1, num_cols - 1, 2] = 1

for row in range(0, num_rows):

for col in range(0, num_cols):

cell_data = M[row, col]

for i in range(10 * row + 2, 10 * row + 8):

image[i, range(10 * col + 2, 10 * col + 8)] = 255

if cell_data[0] == 1:

image[range(10 * row + 2, 10 * row + 8), 10 * col] = 255

image[range(10 * row + 2, 10 * row + 8), 10 * col + 1] = 255

if cell_data[1] == 1:

image[10 * row, range(10 * col + 2, 10 * col + 8)] = 255

image[10 * row + 1, range(10 * col + 2, 10 * col + 8)] = 255

if cell_data[2] == 1:

image[range(10 * row + 2, 10 * row + 8), 10 * col + 9] = 255

image[range(10 * row + 2, 10 * row + 8), 10 * col + 8] = 255

if cell_data[3] == 1:

image[10 * row + 9, range(10 * col + 2, 10 * col + 8)] = 255

image[10 * row + 8, range(10 * col + 2, 10 * col + 8)] = 255

return M, image

#显示路径(图形化)

def show_path(image, path):

plt.imshow(image, cmap=cm.Wistia_r, interpolation='none')

plt.ion()

plt.pause(2)

str = ""

stack = []

nr = num_rows - 1

nc = num_cols - 1

stack.append((nr, nc + 1))

stack.append((nr, nc))

while nr or nc:

tr = nr

tc = nc

nr = (int)(path[tr][tc][0])

nc = (int)(path[tr][tc][1])

stack.append((nr, nc))

# stack.append((num_rows, num_cols))

pr = 0

pc = 0

dir = 2

color_num = 150

while(stack):

temp = stack.pop()

nr = temp[0]

nc = temp[1]

if nr or nc:

if (nr == pr):

if (nc > pc):

# print("R")

if (dir == 2):

image[10 * pr + 4,

range(10 * pc + 0, 10 * pc + 10)] = color_num

image[10 * pr + 5,

range(10 * pc + 0, 10 * pc + 10)] = color_num

elif (dir == 1):

image[10 * pr + 4,

range(10 * pc + 4, 10 * pc + 10)] = color_num

image[10 * pr + 5,

range(10 * pc + 4, 10 * pc + 10)] = color_num

image[range(10 * pr + 4, 10 * pr + 10),

10 * pc + 4] = color_num

image[range(10 * pr + 4, 10 * pr + 10),

10 * pc + 5] = color_num

elif (dir == 3):

image[10 * pr + 4,

range(10 * pc + 4, 10 * pc + 10)] = color_num

image[10 * pr + 5,

range(10 * pc + 4, 10 * pc + 10)] = color_num

image[range(10 * pr + 0, 10 * pr + 6),

10 * pc + 4] = color_num

image[range(10 * pr + 0, 10 * pr + 6),

10 * pc + 5] = color_num

dir = 2

else:

# print("L")

if (dir == 0):

image[10 * pr + 4,

range(10 * pc + 0, 10 * pc + 10)] = color_num

image[10 * pr + 5,

range(10 * pc + 0, 10 * pc + 10)] = color_num

elif (dir == 1):

image[10 * pr + 4,

range(10 * pc + 0, 10 * pc + 6)] = color_num

image[10 * pr + 5,

range(10 * pc + 0, 10 * pc + 6)] = color_num

image[range(10 * pr + 4, 10 * pr + 10),

10 * pc + 4] = color_num

image[range(10 * pr + 4, 10 * pr + 10),

10 * pc + 5] = color_num

elif (dir == 3):

image[10 * pr + 4,

range(10 * pc + 0, 10 * pc + 6)] = color_num

image[10 * pr + 5,

range(10 * pc + 0, 10 * pc + 6)] = color_num

image[range(10 * pr + 0, 10 * pr + 6),

10 * pc + 4] = color_num

image[range(10 * pr + 0, 10 * pr + 6),

10 * pc + 5] = color_num

dir = 0

elif (nc == pc):

if (nr > pr):

# print("D")

if (dir == 3):

image[range(10 * pr + 0, 10 * pr + 10),

10 * pc + 4] = color_num

image[range(10 * pr + 0, 10 * pr + 10),

10 * pc + 5] = color_num

elif (dir == 0):

image[10 * pr + 4,

range(10 * pc + 4, 10 * pc + 10)] = color_num

image[10 * pr + 5,

range(10 * pc + 4, 10 * pc + 10)] = color_num

image[range(10 * pr + 4, 10 * pr + 10),

10 * pc + 4] = color_num

image[range(10 * pr + 4, 10 * pr + 10),

10 * pc + 5] = color_num

elif (dir == 2):

image[10 * pr + 4,

range(10 * pc + 0, 10 * pc + 6)] = color_num

image[10 * pr + 5,

range(10 * pc + 0, 10 * pc + 6)] = color_num

image[range(10 * pr + 4, 10 * pr + 10),

10 * pc + 4] = color_num

image[range(10 * pr + 4, 10 * pr + 10),

10 * pc + 5] = color_num

dir = 3

else:

# print("U")

if (dir == 1):

image[range(10 * pr + 0, 10 * pr + 10),

10 * pc + 4] = color_num

image[range(10 * pr + 0, 10 * pr + 10),

10 * pc + 5] = color_num

elif (dir == 0):

image[10 * pr + 4,

range(10 * pc + 4, 10 * pc + 10)] = color_num

image[10 * pr + 5,

range(10 * pc + 4, 10 * pc + 10)] = color_num

image[range(10 * pr + 0, 10 * pr + 6),

10 * pc + 4] = color_num

image[range(10 * pr + 0, 10 * pr + 6),

10 * pc + 5] = color_num

elif (dir == 2):

image[10 * pr + 4,

range(10 * pc + 0, 10 * pc + 6)] = color_num

image[10 * pr + 5,

range(10 * pc + 0, 10 * pc + 6)] = color_num

image[range(10 * pr + 0, 10 * pr + 6),

10 * pc + 4] = color_num

image[range(10 * pr + 0, 10 * pr + 6),

10 * pc + 5] = color_num

dir = 1

pr = nr

pc = nc

plt.clf()

plt.imshow(image, cmap=cm.Wistia_r, interpolation='none')

# plt.ion()

if (stack):

plt.ion()

plt.pause(0.03 / (num_cols * num_rows / 100))

else:

plt.ioff()

plt.show()

# plt.pause(1000)

#主函数

if __name__ == '__main__':

num_rows = int(input("Please input rows: "))

num_cols = int(input("Please input columns: "))

path = np.zeros((num_rows, num_cols, 2))

M = np.zeros((num_rows, num_cols, 5))

image = np.zeros((num_rows * 10, num_cols * 10))

# row_image = np.zeros((num_rows * 10, num_cols * 10))

M, image = Create_maze_prim()

# show_maze(image)

find_path_bfs(image, M)

# show_path(image, path)

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