文章目录

  • 一、操作系统相关名词
    • 1、BIOS
    • 2、UEFI/Legacy引导方式
      • Legacy（传统引导方式/就是BIOS引导）
      • UEFI
      • 判断自己引导方式
    • 3、MBR/GPT分区形式
      • MBR
      • GPT
      • 不同系统对GTP的支持情况
  • 二、更改Legacy引导到UEFI引导

一、操作系统相关名词

1、BIOS

基本输入输出系统（Basic Input Output system，BIOS）：BIOS是个人电脑启动时加载的第一个软件，它是一组固化到计算机内主板上一个ROM芯片上的程序。

作用：

  • 它保存着计算机最重要的基本输入输出的程序、开机后自检程序和系统自启动程序；

  • 它可从CMOS中读写系统设置的具体信息， 其主要功能是为计算机提供最底层的、最直接的硬件设置和控制；

  • 此外，BIOS还向作业系统提供一些系统参数，系统硬件的变化是由BIOS隐藏，程序使用BIOS功能而不是直接控制硬件；

  • 现代作业系统会忽略BIOS提供的抽象层并直接控制硬件组件。

进入BIOS的几种方式（根据自己电脑的型号可以百度一下）：

  • Dell电脑在开机启动时狂按F2键进入BIOS

  • 设置–>更新和安全–>恢复–>立即重启–>疑难解答–>高级选项–>UEFI固件设置(我的电脑没有)–>重启

  • 还有的电脑是F8、F12、ESC、Delete等

一般台式机的BIOS界面比笔记本的BIOS界面更加丰富；我的Dell笔记本BIOS就非常简陋！

注意：如果要重装系统，注意BIOS里的Boot有些电脑叫Startup）设置项，也就是启动设置；

2、UEFI/Legacy引导方式

Legacy（传统引导方式/就是BIOS引导）

特点：

  • Legacy引导方式需要MBR格式的磁盘分区，最大识别2.2TB的硬盘容量；

UEFI

统一可扩展固件接口（Unified Extensible Firmware Interface，UEFI）：是一种个人电脑系统规格，用来定义操作系统与系统固件之间的软件界面，作为BIOS的替代方案。可扩展固件接口负责加电自检（POST）、联系操作系统以及提供连接操作系统与硬件的接口。

特点：

  • UEFI引导方式需要GPT格式的磁盘分区，最大识别18EB的硬盘容量；

  • 开机启动速度更快，更安全。下面比较一下UEFI和传统BIOS（Legacy）开机过程，省去了自检过程更快。

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UEFI
BIOS/Legacy
进入
引导操作系统
UEFI初始化
开机
进入
引导操作系统
BIOS自检
BIOS初始化
开机

判断自己引导方式

一种简单的方法是：右键“我的电脑”–>选择“管理”–>找到“磁盘管理”–>右键自己的系统盘–>查看是否有“转换成MBR磁盘”选项，如果是则为UEFI；如果是“转换成GPT磁盘”选项，则为Legacy。

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右键'我的电脑'
选择'管理'
找到'磁盘管理'
右键自己的系统盘
有'转换成MBR磁盘'选项
UEFI
有'转换成GPT磁盘'选项
Legacy

3、MBR/GPT分区形式

MBR

主引导记录（Master Boot Record，MBR）：也被称为主引导扇区，是计算机开机以后访问硬盘时所必须要读取的第一个扇区（也就是位于磁盘最前边的一段引导代码）。

  • 存在于驱动器开始部分的一个特殊扇区内，这个扇区包含了已安装操作系统的启动加载器和驱动器的逻辑分区信息；
  • MBR最多支持4个主分区
  • 最多识别2.2TB的内存空间，也就是说超过2.2TB的磁盘不能使用MBR格式。

GPT

全局唯一标识分区表（GUID Partition Table，GPT）：是指全局唯一标示磁盘分区表格式。它是可扩展固件接口（EFI）标准的一部分，被用于替代主引导记录（MBR）分区表。

  • GPT磁盘上保存了多个分区信息和启动信息的副本以及循环冗余校验码，如果数据被破坏可以从磁盘其他地方恢复；
  • 理论上支持无限分区，由于windows限制最多128个分区；
  • 最多识别18EB的内存空间。

不同系统对GTP的支持情况

二、更改Legacy引导到UEFI引导

可以参考下面三个视频

参考视频1

参考视频2

参考视频3

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