English learning(35 words a week))

1,spite /spaɪt/
[ U ] a feeling of wanting to hurt or upset sb 恶意；怨恨
•
I’m sure he only said it out of spite . 我相信他只是为了泄愤才那么说的。
IDIOMS 习语

in ˈspite of sth
if you say that sb did sth in spite of a fact, you mean it is surprising that that fact did not prevent them from doing it 不管；尽管
SYN despite
•
In spite of his age, he still leads an active life. 尽管年事已高，他依旧过着一种忙碌的生活。
•
They went swimming in spite of all the danger signs. 他们无视所有那些危险水域告示牌，还是去游泳了。
•
English became the official language for business in spite of the fact that the population was largely Chinese. 虽然当地居民主要是中国人，英语却成了商业上正式使用的语言。
in ˈspite of yourself
if you do sth in spite of yourself , you do it although you did not intend or expect to 不由自主地
•
He fell asleep, in spite of himself. 他还是不由得睡着了。

2,lux·ury n. /ˈlʌkʃəri/
( pl. -ies )
1.
[ U ] the enjoyment of special and expensive things, particularly food and drink, clothes and surroundings 奢侈的享受；奢华
•
Now we’ll be able to live in luxury for the rest of our lives. 如今我们可在有生之年过豪华生活了。
•
to lead a life of luxury 过奢侈的生活
•
a luxury hotel 豪华酒店
•
luxury goods 奢侈品
2.
[ C ] a thing that is expensive and enjoyable but not essential 奢侈品
SYN extravagance
•
small luxuries like chocolate and flowers 像巧克力和鲜花之类的小奢侈品
•
I love having a long, hot bath—it’s one of life’s little luxuries . 我喜欢在热水浴缸里多泡一会儿—这是生活里一种小小的享受。
•
It was a luxury if you had a washing machine in those days. 那时候有洗衣机就算是奢侈了。
3.
[ Using. ] a pleasure or an advantage that you do not often have 不常有的乐趣（或享受、优势）
SYN indulgence
•
We had the luxury of being able to choose from four good candidates for the job. 我们的挑选余地大，有四位出色的职位候选人可供选择。

3,ac·com·mo·date v. /əˈkɒmədeɪt/
1.
[ VN ] to provide sb with a room or place to sleep, live or sit 为（某人）提供住宿（或膳宿、座位等）
•
The hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests. 这家旅馆可供500位旅客住宿。
2.
[ VN ] to provide enough space for sb/sth 容纳；为…提供空间
•
Over 70 minutes of music can be accommodated on one CD. 一张激光唱片可以容纳70多分钟的音乐。
3.
[ VN ] ( formal ) to consider sth, such as sb’s opinion or a fact, and be influenced by it when you are deciding what to do or explaining sth 考虑到；顾及
•
Our proposal tries to accommodate the special needs of minority groups. 我们的提案尽量照顾到少数群体的特殊需要。
4.
[ VN ] ~ sb (with sth) ( formal ) to help sb by doing what they want 帮忙；给…提供方便
SYN oblige
•
I have accommodated the press a great deal, giving numerous interviews. 我多次接受采访，已给了报界许多方便。
5.
~ to sth~ sth/yourself to sth ( formal ) to change your behaviour so that you can deal with a new situation better 顺应，适应（新情况）
[ V ]
•
I needed to accommodate to the new schedule. 我需要适应新的时间表。

4,pri·mar·ily adv. /praɪˈmerəli/ /ˈpraɪmərəli/
mainly 主要地；根本地
SYN chiefly
• a course designed primarily for specialists 主要为专业人员开设的课程
• The problem is not primarily a financial one. 这个问题基本上不是财政问题。

5,set·back n. /ˈsetbæk/
a difficulty or problem that delays or prevents sth, or makes a situation worse 挫折；阻碍
• The team suffered a major setback when their best player was injured. 最优秀的队员受了伤，使得这支队伍的实力大打折扣。
• The breakdown in talks represents a temporary setback in the peace process. 谈判破裂意味着和平进程暂时受阻。

6,re·strain v. /rɪˈstreɪn/
[ VN ]
1.
~ sb/sth (from sth/from doing sth) to stop sb/sth from doing sth, especially by using physical force （尤指用武力）制止，阻止，管制
•
The prisoner had to be restrained by the police. 警察只好强行制住囚犯。
•
They have obtained an injunction restraining the company from selling the product. 他们已经得到阻止这家公司出售这一产品的禁销令。
•
He placed a restraining hand on her arm. 他拉住她的胳膊制止她。
2.
~ yourself (from sth/from doing sth) to stop yourself from feeling an emotion or doing sth that you would like to do 约束（自己）；控制（自己）；忍住
•
John managed to restrain his anger. 约翰努力压制住自己的怒气。
•
She had to restrain herself from crying out in pain. 她只得忍住疼痛，不哭出来。
3.
to stop sth that is growing or increasing from becoming too large 抑制；控制
SYN keep under control
•
The government is taking steps to restrain inflation. 政府正在采取措施控制通货膨

7,gos·sip /ˈɡɒsɪp/
1.
[ U ] ( disapproving ) informal talk or stories about other people’s private lives, that may be unkind or not true 流言飞语；闲言碎语
•
Don’t believe all the gossip you hear. 别对那些道听途说都信以为真。
•
Tell me all the latest gossip ! 把最新的小道消息都讲给我听听吧！
•
The gossip was that he had lost a fortune on the stock exchange. 有小道消息说他在股票交易中赔了一大笔钱。
•
It was common gossip (= everyone said so) that they were having an affair. 大家议论纷纷说他们之间关系暧昧。
•
She’s a great one for idle gossip (= she enjoys spreading stories about other people that are probably not true) . 她很喜欢说别人闲话。
2.
[ Cusually sing. ] a conversation about other people and their private lives 说长道短；闲聊
•
I love a good gossip. 我喜欢闲聊天。
——note at discussion
3.
[ C ] ( disapproving ) a person who enjoys talking about other people’s private lives 喜欢传播流言飞语的人；爱说长道短（或说三道四）的人

main·tain v. /meɪnˈteɪn/
1.
[ VN ] to make sth continue at the same level, standard, etc. 维持；保持
SYN preserve
•
to maintain law and order/standards/a balance 维持治安；保持水平╱平衡
•
The two countries have always maintained close relations. 这两个国家一直保持着密切关系。
( formal )
•
She maintained a dignified silence. 她一言不发，以保持尊严。
•
to maintain prices (= prevent them falling or rising) 维持价格的稳定
2.
[ VN ] to keep a building, a machine, etc. in good condition by checking or repairing it regularly 维修；保养
•
The house is large and difficult to maintain. 房子很大，难以养护。
3.
to keep stating that sth is true, even though other people do not agree or do not believe it 坚持（意见）；固执己见
SYN insist
[ V (that) ]
•
The men maintained (that) they were out of the country when the crime was committed. 这几个男人坚持说案发时他们在国外。
[ VN ]
•
She has always maintained her innocence . 她一直坚持说她是无辜的。
[ also V speech ]
4.
[ VN ] to support sb/sth over a long period of time by giving money, paying for food, etc. 供养；扶养
SYN keep
•
Her income was barely enough to maintain one child, let alone three. 她的收入养活一个孩子几乎都不够，更不用说三个了。

8,de·fine v. /dɪˈfaɪn/
1.
[ VN ] ~ sth (as sth) to say or explain what the meaning of a word or phrase is 解释（词语）的含义；给（词语）下定义
•
The term ‘mental illness’ is difficult to define. “精神病”这个词很难下定义。
•
Life imprisonment is defined as 60 years under state law. 按照州法律终身监禁定义为60年。
2.
to describe or show sth accurately 阐明；明确；界定
[ VN ]
•
We need to define the task ahead very clearly. 我们需要明确今后的任务。
•
The difficulty of a problem was defined in terms of how long it took to complete. 问题的难易度是以解决这个问题所花时间的长短而定的。
[ V wh- ]
•
It is difficult to define what makes him so popular. 很难解释清楚什么原因使他如此走红。
3.
[ VN ] to show clearly a line, shape or edge 画出…的线条；描出…的外形；确定…的界线；界定
•
The mountain was sharply defined against the sky. 那座山在天空的衬托下显得轮廓分明。
DERIVATIVES 派生词

de·fin·able adj

ar·ro·gant adj. /ˈærəɡənt/
behaving in a proud, unpleasant way, showing little thought for other people 傲慢的；自大的
DERIVATIVES 派生词

9,ar·ro·gant·ly adv

pon·der v. /ˈpɒndə®/
[ V speech ] ~ (about/on/over sth) ( formal ) to think about sth carefully for a period of time 沉思；考虑；琢磨
SYN consider
[ V ]
• She pondered over his words. 她反复琢磨他的话。
• They were left to ponder on the implications of the announcement. 他们被留下来琢磨这项宣告的含义。
[ VN ]
• The senator pondered the question for a moment. 这位参议员考虑了一下这个问题。
[ V wh- ]
• They are pondering whether the money could be better used elsewhere. 他们正在斟酌能否把钱花到其他更适当的地方。

10,ig·nite v. /ɪɡˈnaɪt/
( formal ) to start to burn; to make sth start to burn （使）燃烧，着火；点燃
[ V ]
• Gas ignites very easily. 汽油易燃。
( figurative )
• Tempers ignited when the whole family spent Christmas together. 全家凑到一起度圣诞节，大家心里都十分激动。
[ VN ]
• Flames melted a lead pipe and ignited leaking gas. 火焰熔化了一段铅管，燃着了漏出来的煤气。
( figurative )
• His words ignited their anger. 他的话引发了他们的怒火

11,asset n. /ˈæset/
1.
~ (to sb/sth) a person or thing that is valuable or useful to sb/sth 有价值的人（或事物）；有用的人（或事物）
•
She’ll be an asset to the team. 她将是这个队的骨干。
•
In his job, patience is an invaluable asset. 他干的这份工作，耐心是无价之宝。
2.
[ usually pl. ] a thing of value, especially property, that a person or company owns, which can be used or sold to pay debts 资产；财产
•
the net asset value of the company 公司的资产净值
•
Her assets include shares in the company and a house in France. 她的财产包括公司的股份和在法国的一座房子。
•
asset sales/management 资产销售╱管理
•
financial/capital assets 金融╱资本资产。

12,prem·ier /ˈpremiə®/
( sport 体 ) ( BrE ) [ only before noun ] most important, famous or successful 首要的；最著名的；最成功的；第一的
•
one of the country’s premier chefs 国家名厨之一
•
the Premier League/Division 超级联赛

13,se·vere adj. /sɪˈvɪə®/
( se·verer se·ver·est )
VERY BAD 非常不好
1.
extremely bad or serious 极为恶劣的；十分严重的
•
a severe handicap 严重残疾
•
His injuries are severe. 他的伤很重。
•
severe weather conditions 恶劣的天气情况
•
a severe winter (= one during which the weather conditions are extremely bad) 严冬
•
The party suffered severe losses during the last election. 该党在上次选举中遭到惨败。
•
a severe shortage of qualified staff 合格员工的严重短缺
PUNISHMENT 惩罚
2.
~ (on/with sb) punishing sb in an extreme way when they break a particular set of rules 严厉的；重的
SYN harsh
•
The courts are becoming more severe on young offenders. 法庭对青少年犯罪者的处罚趋于严厉。
•
a severe punishment/sentence 重罚；重判
NOT KIND 不和善
3.
not kind or sympathetic and showing disapproval of sb/sth 严厉的；苛刻的
SYN stern
•
a severe expression 严厉的表情
•
She was a severe woman who seldom smiled. 她是个严肃的女人，脸上很少出现笑容。
VERY DIFFICULT 非常困难
4.
extremely difficult and requiring a lot of skill or ability 艰难的；艰巨的；难度很大的
SYN stiff
•
The marathon is a severe test of stamina. 马拉松赛跑是对耐力的严峻考验。
STYLE/APPEARANCE/CLOTHING 风格；外貌；衣着
5.
( disapproving ) extremely plain and lacking any decoration 过于简朴的
•
Modern furniture is a little too severe for my taste. 现代家具有点过于简朴，我不大喜欢。
•
Her hair was short and severe. 她的头发不长，也没有花样。
DERIVATIVES 派生词

se·vere·ly adv.
•
severely disabled 严重残疾的
•
areas severely affected by unemployment 深受失业影响的地区
•
Anyone breaking the law will be severely punished. 违法者将受到严惩。
•
a severely critical report 一篇措辞严厉的批评报道
•
Her hair was tied severely in a bun. 她的头发简单地盘成了一个发髻。
2.
se·ver·ity /sɪˈverəti/ n. [ U ]
•
A prison sentence should match the severity of the crime. 刑期长短要和罪行轻重一致。
•
The chances of a full recovery will depend on the severity of her injuries. 能否彻底康复取决于她受伤的严重程度。
•
the severity of the problem 问题的严重性
•
He frowned with mock severity. 他沉下脸来，装出一副严厉的样子。
•
The elaborate facade contrasts strongly with the severity of the interior. 精致的门面同室内的简朴形成强烈反差。

14,pro·pel v. /prəˈpel/
( -ll- )
[ often passive ]

[ VN ]
1.
to move, drive or push sth forward or in a particular direction 推动；驱动；推进
•
mechanically propelled vehicles 机动车辆
•
He succeeded in propelling the ball across the line. 他成功地把球带过线。
2.
[ + adv./prep. ] to force sb to move in a particular direction or to get into a particular situation 驱使；迫使；推搡
•
He was grabbed from behind and propelled through the door. 有人从后面抓住他，把他推过门去。
•
Fury propelled her into action. 怒火驱使她行动起来。

15,au·thor·ize v. /ˈɔːθəraɪz/
( Bre also -ise)

[ often passive ]

[ VN to inf ] to give official permission for sth, or for sb to do sth 批准；授权
[ VN ]
• I can authorize payments up to ￡5 000. 我有权批准的付款限额为5 000英镑。
• an authorized biography 经认可的传记
• I have authorized him to act for me while I am away. 我已授权他在我外出时代理我的职务。
• The soldiers were authorized to shoot at will. 士兵得到允许可以随意开枪。

16,in·struct v. /ɪnˈstrʌkt/
1.
( formal ) to tell sb to do sth, especially in a formal or official way 指示；命令；吩咐
SYN direct order
[ VN to inf ]
•
The letter instructed him to report to headquarters immediately. 那封信指示他立即向总部汇报。
[ VN wh- ]
•
You will be instructed where to go as soon as the plane is ready. 飞机一准备好就会通知你去何处。
[ VN ]
•
She arrived at 10 o’clock as instructed . 她依照指示于10点钟到达。
[ V that ]
•
He instructed that a wall be built around the city. 他下令在城的周围筑一道城墙。
( BrE also )
•
He instructed that a wall should be built around the city. 他下令在城的周围筑一道城墙。
——note at order
[ also V speechalso VN speech ]
2.
[ VN ] ~ sb (in sth) ( formal ) to teach sb sth, especially a practical skill 教授，传授（技能等）
•
All our staff have been instructed in sign language. 我们的员工都接受过手语训练。
3.
[ VN that ] [ usually passive ] ( formal ) to give sb information about sth 告知；通知
•
We have been instructed that a decision will not be made before the end of the week. 我们已获悉周末前不会作出决定。
4.
[ VN VN to inf ] ( law 律 ) to employ sb to represent you in a legal situation, especially as a lawyer 委托（律师）；托办

18,lure /lʊə®/ /ljʊə®/
[ VNusually + adv./prep. ] ( disapproving ) to persuade or trick sb to go somewhere or to do sth by promising them a reward 劝诱；引诱；诱惑
•
The child was lured into a car but managed to escape. 那小孩被诱骗上了车，但又设法逃掉了。
•
Young people are lured to the city by the prospect of a job and money. 年轻人希望打工赚钱，从而被诱惑到城市。

19,genu·ine adj. /ˈdʒenjuɪn/
1.
real; exactly what it appears to be; not artificial 真的；名副其实的
SYN authentic
•
Is the painting a genuine Picasso? 这幅画是毕加索的真迹吗？
•
Fake designer watches are sold at a fraction of the price of the genuine article . 伪造的设计师名牌手表以真品若干分之一的价格出售。
•
Only genuine refugees can apply for asylum. 只有真正的难民才能申请政治避难。
2.
sincere and honest; that can be trusted 真诚的；诚实的；可信赖的
•
He made a genuine attempt to improve conditions. 他真心实意地努力改善环境。
•
genuine concern for others 对他人真诚的关心
•
a very genuine person 非常诚实可信的人

20,con·sen·sus n. /kənˈsensəs/
[ sing.U ]

~ (among sb)~ (about sth)~ (that…) an opinion that all members of a group agree with 一致的意见；共识
• There is a general consensus among teachers about the need for greater security in schools. 教师们对必须加强学校的保安有普遍的共识。
• There seems to be a consensus that the plan should be rejected. 看来人们一致同意放弃这一计划。
• There is a growing consensus of opinion on this issue. 对这个问题的看法日趋一致。
• an attempt to reach a consensus 达成共识的尝试
• She is skilled at achieving consensus on sensitive issues. 她擅长就敏感问题进行斡旋达成共识。

21,ar·tery n. /ˈɑːtəri/
( pl. -ies )
1.
any of the tubes that carry blood from the heart to other parts of the body 动脉
•
blocked arteries 被阻滞的动脉
——compare vein (1)
——see also coronary artery
2.
a large and important road, river, railway/railroad line, etc. 干线（指主要公路、河流、铁路线等

22,in·tern·al adj. /ɪnˈtɜːnl/
1.
[ only before noun ] connected with the inside of sth 内部的；里面的
•
the internal structure of a building 大楼的内部结构
•
internal doors 内门
OPP external
2.
[ only before noun ] connected with the inside of your body 体内的
•
internal organs/injuries 内脏；内伤
•
The medicine is not for internal use . 这种药不可内服。
OPP external
3.
[ usually before noun ] involving or concerning only the people who are part of a particular organization rather than people from outside it （机构）内部的
•
an internal inquiry 内部调查
•
the internal workings of government 政府内部的运作
•
internal divisions within the company 公司内部的各部门
OPP external
4.
[ only before noun ] connected with a country’s own affairs rather than those that involve other countries SYN domestic 内政的；国内的
•
internal affairs/trade/markets 内政；国内贸易╱市场
•
an internal flight (= within a country) 国内航班
OPP external
5.
coming from within a thing itself rather than from outside it 本身的；自身的
•
a theory which lacks internal consistency (= whose parts are not in agreement with each other) 自相矛盾的理论
•
Some photos contain internal evidence (= fashions, transport, etc.) that may help to date them. 有些照片自身就含有确定拍摄日期的佐证。
6.
happening or existing in your mind SYN inner 内心的；头脑中的
•
internal rage 内心的愤怒

23,splash /splæʃ/
1.
[ V + adv./prep. ] ( of liquid 液体 ) to fall noisily onto a surface 泼洒；哗啦哗啦地溅；噼里啪啦地落
•
Water splashed onto the floor. 水哗的一声泼洒在地板上。
•
Rain splashed against the windows. 雨点啪啦啪啦打在窗户上。
2.
[ VN ] ~ sth (on/onto/over sb/sth)~ sb/sth (with sth) to make sb/sth wet by making water, mud, etc. fall on them/it 把（水、泥等）泼在…上，溅在…上；朝…上泼（或溅）
•
He splashed cold water on his face. 他把冷水往脸上泼。
•
He splashed his face with cold water. 他朝脸上泼冷水。
•
My clothes were splashed with mud. 我衣服上溅满了泥。
•
Stop splashing me! 别溅我了！
3.
[ V ] to move through water making drops fly everywhere （在水中）溅着水花行走，拍打着水游
•
The kids were splashing through the puddles. 孩子们哗啦哗啦地溅着水花从水坑里蹚过。
•
People were having fun in the pool, swimming or just splashing around. 人们在游泳池里或者游泳，或者只是拍打戏水，开心地玩着。
4.
[ VN ] ~ sth with sth [ usually passive ] to decorate sth with areas of bright colour, not in a regular pattern 用（泼洒色斑）装饰
•
The walls were splashed with patches of blue and purple. 墙壁上随意泼了大块的蓝色和紫色。

25,spoil /spɔɪl/
( spoiled spoiled /spɔɪld/ )( BrE also spoilt spoilt /spɔɪlt/ )
1.
[ VN ] to change sth good into sth bad, unpleasant, useless, etc. 破坏；搞坏；糟蹋；毁掉
SYN ruin
•
Our camping trip was spoilt by bad weather. 天气不好，破坏了我们的露营旅行。
•
Don’t let him spoil your evening. 别让他搞得你一晚上不开心。
•
The tall buildings have spoiled the view. 那些高楼大厦破坏了这一带的景致。
•
Don’t eat too many nuts—you’ll spoil your appetite (= will no longer be hungry at the proper time to eat) . 别吃太多坚果，会影响你的食欲。
( BrE )
•
spoiled ballot papers (= not valid because not correctly marked) 废选票
2.
[ VN ] to give a child everything that they ask for and not enough discipline in a way that has a bad effect on their character and behaviour 溺爱；娇惯；宠坏
SYN overindulge
•
She spoils those kids of hers. 她那几个孩子给她宠坏了。
3.
[ VN ] ~ sb/yourself to make sb/yourself happy by doing sth special 善待；格外关照
•
Why not spoil yourself with a weekend in a top hotel? 为什么不到顶级饭店度个周末，让自己享受享受呢？
•
He really spoiled me on my birthday. 我过生日那天他真让我受宠若惊。
4.
[ V ] ( of food 食物 ) to become bad so that it can no longer be eaten 变坏；变质；腐败

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