C++学习笔记－

这个例子中，Worker是基类，Singer和Waiter继承Worker类，SingingWaiter同时继承Singer类和Waiter类。

If you want to use something other than the default constructor for a virtual base class, you need to invoke the appropriate base constructor explicitly.

如果你想用虚父类的构造器，你必须直接显示地调用它。

SingingWaiter(const Worker & wk, int p = 0, int v = Singer::other)

: Worker(wk), Waiter(wk, p), Singer(wk, v) {}

Multiple Inheritance can result in ambiguous function calls. You can use the scope-resolution operator to clarify what you mean:SingingWaiter newhire("Elise Hawks", 2005, 6, soprano);

多继承可以引起混乱的函数调用，你可以使用空间运算符说明所使用父类的函数。

newhire.Singer::Show(); // use Singer version

However, a better approach is to redefine Show() for SingingWaiter and to have it specify which Show() to use.

更好的方法是在子类中重新定义Show()方法，做法父类的包装函数。

void SingingWaiter::Show()
{
Singer::Show();

}

// workermi.h -- working classes with MI

#ifndef WORKERMI_H_
#define WORKERMI_H_
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Worker
{
private:string fullname;long id;
protected:virtual void Data() const;virtual void Get();
public:Worker() : fullname("no one"), id(0L) {}Worker(const string & s, long n): fullname(s), id(n) {}virtual ~Worker() = 0;virtual void Set() = 0;virtual void Show() const = 0;
};
class Waiter : virtual public Worker
{
private:int panache;
protected:void Data() const;void Get();
public:Waiter() : Worker(), panache(0) {}Waiter(const string & s, long n, int p = 0): Worker(s, n), panache(p) {}Waiter(const Worker & wk, int p = 0): Worker(wk), panache(p) {}void Set();void Show() const;
};
class Singer : virtual public Worker
{
protected:enum { other, alto, contralto, soprano,bass, baritone, tenor};enum {Vtypes = 7};void Data() const;void Get();
private:static char *pv[Vtypes];int voice;
public:Singer() : Worker(), voice(other) {}Singer(const string & s, long n, int v = other): Worker(s, n), voice(v) {}Singer(const Worker & wk, int v = other): Worker(wk), voice(v) {}void Set();void Show() const;
};
class SingingWaiter : public Singer, public Waiter
{
protected:void Data() const;void Get();
public:SingingWaiter() {}SingingWaiter(const string & s, long n, int p = 0, int v = other): Worker(s, n), Waiter(s, n, p), Singer(s, n, v) {}SingingWaiter(const Worker & wk, int p = 0, int v = other): Worker(wk), Waiter(wk, p), Singer(wk, v) {}SingingWaiter(const Waiter & wt, int v = other): Worker(wt), Waiter(wt), Singer(wt, v) {}SingingWaiter(const Singer & wt, int p = 0):Worker(wt), Waiter(wt, p), Singer(wt) {}void Set();void Show() const;
};
#endif

// workermi.cpp -- working class methods with MI

#include "workermi.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
Worker::~Worker() {}
void Worker::Data() const
{cout << "Name: " << fullname << endl;cout << "Employee ID: " << id << endl;
}
void Worker::Get()
{getline(cin, fullname);cout << "Enter worker's ID: ";cin >> id;while (cin.get() != '\n')continue;
}
void Waiter::Set()
{cout << "Enter waiter's name: ";Worker::Get();Get();
}
void Waiter::Show() const
{cout << "Category: waiter\n";Worker::Data();Data();
}
void Waiter::Data() const
{cout << "Panache rating: " << panache << endl;
}
void Waiter::Get()
{cout << "Enter waiter's panache rating: ";cin >> panache;while (cin.get() != '\n')continue;
}
char * Singer::pv[Singer::Vtypes] = {"other", "alto", "contralto","soprano", "bass", "baritone", "tenor"};
void Singer::Set()
{cout << "Enter singer's name: ";Worker::Get();Get();
}
void Singer::Show() const
{cout << "Category: singer\n";Worker::Data();Data();
}
void Singer::Data() const
{cout << "Vocal range: " << pv[voice] << endl;
}
void Singer::Get()
{cout << "Enter number for singer's vocal range:\n";int i;for (i = 0; i < Vtypes; i++){cout << i << ": " << pv[i] << " ";if (i % 4 == 3)cout << endl;}if ( i % 4 != 0)cout << '\n';cin >> voice;while (cin.get() != '\n')continue;
}
void SingingWaiter::Data() const
{Singer::Data();Waiter::Data();
}
void SingingWaiter::Get()
{Waiter::Get();Singer::Get();
}
void SingingWaiter::Set()
{cout << "Enter singing waiter's name: ";Worker::Get();Get();
}
void SingingWaiter::Show() const
{cout << "Category: singing waiter\n";Worker::Data();Data();
}

// workmi.cpp -- multiple inheritance
// compile with workermi.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include "workermi.h"
const int SIZE = 5;
using namespace std;
int main()
{Worker * lolas[SIZE];int ct;for (ct = 0; ct < SIZE; ct++){char choice;cout << "Enter the employee category:\n"<< "w: waiter   s: singer   "<< "t: singing waiter  q: quit\n";cin >> choice;while (strchr("wstq", choice) == NULL){cout << "Please enter a w, s, t, or q: ";cin >> choice;}if (choice == 'q')break;switch(choice){case 'w': lolas[ct] = new Waiter;break;case 's':   lolas[ct] = new Singer;break;case 't':   lolas[ct] = new SingingWaiter;break;}cin.get();lolas[ct]->Set();}cout <<"\nHere is your staff:\n";int i;for (i = 0; i < ct; i++){cout << endl;lolas[i]->Show();}for (i = 0; i < ct; i++)delete lolas[i];cout << "Bye.\n";return 0;
}

输出：

wang@wang:~/c++$ ./a.out
Enter the employee category:
w: waiter   s: singer   t: singing waiter   q: quit
w
Enter waiter's name: Wally Slipshod
Enter worker's ID: 1040
Enter waiter's panache rating: 4
Enter the employee category:
w: waiter   s: singer   t: singing waiter   q: quit
s
Enter singer's name: Sinclair Parma
Enter worker's ID: 1044
Enter number for singer's vocal range:
0: other 1: alto 2: contralto 3: soprano
4: bass 5: baritone 6: tenor
5
Enter the employee category:
w: waiter   s: singer   t: singing waiter   q: quit
t
Enter singing waiter's name: Natasha Gargalova
Enter worker's ID: 1021
Enter waiter's panache rating: 6
Enter number for singer's vocal range:
0: other 1: alto 2: contralto 3: soprano
4: bass 5: baritone 6: tenor
3
Enter the employee category:
w: waiter   s: singer   t: singing waiter   q: quit
q

Here is your staff:

Category: waiter
Name: Wally Slipshod
Employee ID: 1040
Panache rating: 4

Category: singer
Name: Sinclair Parma
Employee ID: 1044
Vocal range: baritone

Category: singing waiter
Name: Natasha Gargalova
Employee ID: 1021
Vocal range: soprano
Panache rating: 6
Bye.

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