RAC+ADG有两种存储数据文件的形式，一个是将DG的数据文件放在ASM上，另一个是将数据文件放在本地磁盘上
本实验做的是数据放在本地磁盘上。
在搭建RAC+DG之前，请确保RAC是没有问题的
1.检查集群状态 grid用户下执行：

crsctl status res -t

2.前期规划

RAC Primary	RACDB1（主机）	RACDB2（主机）	备注
Public IP	192.168.1.130	192.168.1.140	24位掩码
Virtual IP	172.16.1.131	172.16.1.141	24位掩码
Instance	racdb1	racdb2
DB name	RACDB
DATA file	+DATA/racdb/datafile/
Control file	+DATA/racdb/controlfile/ +ARC/racdb/controlfile/
Redo Log file	+DATA/racdb/onlinelog/ +ARC/racdb/onlinelog/
db_unique_name	racdb
service_names	racdb
Oracle_Version	11.2.0.4.0

DATA file，Control file，Redo Log file根据自己的RAC来。
Standby 端

Single instance standby	主机名	备注
IP	192.168.1.160	24位掩码
Oracle_version	11.2.0.4.0
Instance	Racdb
DB name	RACDB
DB_unique_name	dg1
service_names	dg1
DATA file	/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1/
Control file	/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1/
Redo Log file	/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1/ /u01/app/oracle/oradata/arclog/	此arclog不是存放归档日志，只是按照RAC中两个不同的日志组路径，对应设置的

3.备库操作系统初始设置
①关闭防火墙

/etc/init.d/iptables stop
chkconfig iptables off

②关闭selinux

vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled

③关闭networkmaanger

service NetworkManager stop
chkconfig NetworkManager off

④关闭NTP服务

service ntpd stop
chkconfig ntpd off

⑤配置yum源

mkdir /source
mount /dev/cdrom /source/

vim /etc/yum.repos.d/x.repo
----------------------------
[ok]
name=ok
baseurl=file:///source/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
----------------------------
yum clean all
yum list

⑥安装相关的软件包

yum install -y  readline* binutils compat-libstdc++ compat-libstdc++ elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel  expat gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers libaio libaio libaio-devel libaio-devel  libgcc libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++ libstdc++-devel  make pdksh sysstat unixODBC unixODBC unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel  binutils  libaio-devel libaio elfutils-libelf-devel compat-libstdc++-33 libgcc  gcc gcc-c++ glibc sysstat libstdc++ libstdc++-devel  unixODBC-devel unixODBC

如果少包再试试下面的（通常是不用）：

yum install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc  gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh  libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libaio libaio-devel make sysstat unixODBC-devel unixODBC

⑦建立oracle用户
所有节点root执行：

groupadd -g 1000 oinstall
groupadd -g 1201 asmdba
groupadd -g 1300 dba
groupadd -g 1301 oper
useradd -u 1101 -g oinstall -G dba,oper,asmdba -d /home/oracle -s /bin/bash -c "Oracle Software Owner" oracle
echo "oracle" | passwd --stdin oracle

配置oracle用户的环境变量（切换到oracle用户）

[oracle@up1 ~]$ vim .bash_profile# .bash_profile# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then. ~/.bashrc
fi# User specific environment and startup programsPATH=$PATH:$HOME/binexport PATH
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export ORACLE_SID=racdb1
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=racdb
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
export NLS_DATA_FORMAT='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'
alias sqlplus='/usr/local/bin/rlwrap sqlplus'
alias rman='/usr/local/bin/rlwrap rman'
umask 022

⑧配置限制参数和内核参数

限制参数
echo "oracle soft nproc 2047" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "oracle hard nproc 16384" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "oracle soft nofile 1024" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "oracle hard nofile 65536" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "grid soft nproc 2047" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "grid hard nproc 16384" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "grid soft nofile 1024" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "grid hard nofile 65536" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so" >>/etc/pam.d/login
echo "session required pam_limits.so" >>/etc/pam.d/login

内核参数

echo "fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "fs.file-max = 6815744" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.shmall = 2097152" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.shmmax = 1054472192" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.shmmni = 4096" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.rmem_default = 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.rmem_max = 4194304" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.wmem_default = 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.wmem_max = 1048586" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 262144 262144 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4194304 4194304 4194304" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
sysctl -p

⑨上传安装介质，安装和指定lib包
在备库上上传oracle安装包

[root@up1 src]# ls
p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip
rlwrap-0.32.tar.gz

tar zxvf rlwrap-0.32.tar.gz
unzip  p10404530_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip  -d  /usr/local/src
unzip  p10404530_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip  -d  /usr/local/src
unzip  p10404530_112040_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip  -d  /usr/local/src

[root@up1 src]# ls
database
rlwrap-0.32
rlwrap-0.32.tar.gz

chown -R oracle:oinstall database

安装插件包 rlwrap-0.32.tar.gz

cd rlwrap-0.32
./configure
make ; make install

4.建立相关路径
备库：
数据文件，日志文件，控制文件全部放在这里（为了方便,生产环境不要这样,io压力大）

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1/

登陆时的审计文件放到这里

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/racdb/adump

记录核心dump的目录，如果oracle核心进程应为BUG等原因崩溃，会做内存的dump

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/racdb/cdump

存放归档的路径

mkdir -p /u01/archivelog

rman备份存放在此

mkdir -p /home/oracle/backup

由于RAC日志组有两个路径，所以对应建立另一个路径

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/arclog/

$ORACLE_BASE，根据 .bash_profile来的（根据自己的来设置）

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle

$ORACLE_HOME，也根据 .bash_profile 来的（根据自己的来设置）

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /u01

RAC1，RAC2：

su - oracle
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/racdb/adump
mkdir -p /home/oracle/backup
root用户
mkdir -p /u01/archivelog
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/archivelog

5.备库安装ORACLE软件
安装方式两种：
1.图形化安装
2.静默安装
注意：
1.版本号要与主库一样
2.环境变量，内核参数要一致，相关路径要建立全。
6.RAC必须开启到归档模式（自行检查）

SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode          Archive Mode
Automatic archival               Enabled
Archive destination        /u01/archivelog
Oldest online log sequence      27
Next log sequence to archive    28
Current log sequence             28

7.配置监听（此步骤极为重要，配置错误会导致后续步骤报错）
监听路径：$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/
RAC1和RAC2的listener.ora如下
oracle_home和dbname，sid_name根据自己的来

SID_LIST_LISTENER =(SID_LIST =(SID_DESC =(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)(PROGRAM = extproc))(SID_DESC =(GLOBAL_DBNAME = racdb)(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)(SID_NAME = racdb)))

DG1的listener.ora如下

LISTENER=(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=172.16.13.30)(PORT=1521))(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=extproc))))
SID_LIST_LISTENER=(SID_LIST=(SID_DESC=(GLOBAL_DBNAME=prod.neves.com)(ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)(SID_NAME=prod))(SID_DESC=(SID_NAME=plsextproc)(ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)(PROGRAM=extproc)))

RAC1，RAC2和DG1的tnsnames.ora 如下

racdb1 =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.130)(PORT = 1521))(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVER = DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME = racdb)))
racdb2 =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.140)(PORT = 1521))(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVER = DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME = racdb)))
dg1 =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS_LIST =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.160)(PORT = 1521)))(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVICE_NAME = dg1)))

测试监听是否正常

tnsping racdb1;tnsping racdb2;tnsping dg1
--- 全部看到OK就代表正常

不正常的原因可能：
防火墙没关；监听配置文件格式错误；监听配置文件内容错误；监听服务没有开启（lsnrctl status查看）
8.将密码文件传到备库

scp orapwracdb1  192.168.1.160:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/

—注意密码文件和参数文件传过去后要记得改名字，改成和SID一样的 格式：orapw$ORACLE_SID
在RAC1/2、DG1上测试监听
rac1/2

sqlplus sys/oracle@racdb1 as sysdba
select instance_name from v$instance
sqlplus sys/oracle@racdb2 as sysdba
select instance_name from v$instance
sqlplus sys/oracle@dg1 as sysdba

DG1测试

sqlplus sys/oracle@racdb1 as sysdba
select instance_name from v$instance
sqlplus sys/oracle@racdb2 as sysdba
select instance_name from v$instance
sqlplus sys/oracle@dg1 as sysdba

9…RAC主节点开启开启Force logging

SQL> ALTER DATABASE FORCE LOGGING;

10.主库RAC1创建静态参数文件

SQL>  show parameter pfileNAME                 TYPE         VALUE
--------------    ----------- ----------------------------
spfile              string     +DATA/racdb/spfileracdb.ora

SQL> create  pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initracdb1.ora' from spfile='+DATA/racdb/spfileracdb.ora';

主库进到ORACLE_HOME/dbs/下编辑静态参数文件

[oracle@up1 dbs]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs

原参数不变，添加以下参数

*.db_unique_name=racdb
*.service_names=racdb
*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(racdb,dg1)'
*.log_archive_dest_1 = 'LOCATION=/u01/archivelog VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=racdb'
*.log_archive_dest_2 = 'SERVICE=dg1 LGWR SYNC AFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dg1'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1=enable
*.log_archive_dest_state_2=enable
*.db_file_name_convert='+DATA/racdb/datafile/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1/'        ---由于数据文件放到备库本地，所以需要做映射
*.log_file_name_convert='+DATA/racdb/onlinelog/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1/'
*.standby_file_management=AUTO
*.FAL_SERVER=dg1
####以下三个参数主要针对日后的主备模式切换
racdb1.fal_client=racdb1
####注意：fal_srver，fal_client其实是net server name，根据tnsnames.ora中的字符串来的。
racdb2.fal_client=racdb2  ####此参数写错，在备库启到open时候会报错(ora_10458)
SPFILE='+DATA/racdb/spfileracdb.ora'        # line added by Agent

完整参数如下

racdb2.__db_cache_size=385875968
racdb1.__db_cache_size=385875968
racdb2.__java_pool_size=4194304
racdb1.__java_pool_size=4194304
racdb2.__large_pool_size=8388608
racdb1.__large_pool_size=8388608
racdb2.__pga_aggregate_target=209715200
racdb1.__pga_aggregate_target=209715200
racdb2.__sga_target=629145600
racdb1.__sga_target=629145600
racdb2.__shared_io_pool_size=0
racdb1.__shared_io_pool_size=0
racdb2.__shared_pool_size=222298112
racdb1.__shared_pool_size=222298112
racdb2.__streams_pool_size=0
racdb1.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/racdb/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.cluster_database=true
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='+DATA/racdb/controlfile/current.260.951501039','+ARC/racdb/controlfile/current.256.951501039'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_create_file_dest='+DATA'
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='racdb'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='+ARC'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4621074432
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=racdbXDB)'
racdb1.instance_number=1
racdb2.instance_number=2
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=209715200
*.processes=150
*.remote_listener='scanip:1521'
*.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'
*.sga_target=629145600
racdb2.thread=2
racdb1.thread=1
racdb1.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
racdb2.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS2'
*.db_unique_name=racdb
*.service_names=racdb
*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(racdb,dg1)'
*.log_archive_dest_1 = 'LOCATION=/u01/archivelog VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=racdb'
*.log_archive_dest_2 = 'SERVICE=dg1 LGWR SYNC AFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dg1'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1=enable
*.log_archive_dest_state_2=enable
*.db_file_name_convert='+DATA/racdb/datafile/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1/'
*.log_file_name_convert='+DATA/racdb/onlinelog/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1/'
*.standby_file_management=AUTO
*.FAL_SERVER=dg1
racdb1.fal_client=racdb1
racdb2.fal_client=racdb2
SPFILE='+DATA/racdb/spfileracdb.ora'        # line added by Agent

将静态参数文件传给备库

scp initracdb1.ora  192.168.1.160:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/
---记得传过去后将参数文件改名

11.关闭RAC1和RAC2数据库

[grid@racdb1 ~]$ srvctl stop database -d racdb

[oracle@racdb1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production onTue Mar 17 18:18:09 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> create  spfile='+DATA/racdb/spfileracdb.ora' from pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initracdb1.ora'
File created.

12.启动RAC1和RAC2数据库：

[grid@racdb1 ~]$ srvctl start database -d racdb

启动后登陆两个节点查看参数：

SQL> show parameter fal
NAME                     TYPE    VALUE
--------------       ----------- ----------------
fal_client             string    racdb1
fal_server             string    dg1

SQL> show parameter archive
NAME                       TYPE      VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
archive_lag_target              integer  0
log_archive_config               string  DG_CONFIG=(racdb,dg1)
log_archive_dest                 string
log_archive_dest_1           string  LOCATION=/u01/archivelog VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES)DB_UNIQUE_NAME=racdb
log_archive_dest_10          string
log_archive_dest_11          string
log_archive_dest_12          string
log_archive_dest_13          string
log_archive_dest_14          stringNAME                  TYPE    VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
log_archive_dest_15          string
log_archive_dest_16          string
log_archive_dest_17          string
log_archive_dest_18          string
log_archive_dest_19          string
log_archive_dest_2           string  SERVICE=dg1 LGWR SYNC AFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dg1
log_archive_dest_20          string
log_archive_dest_21          string
log_archive_dest_22          stringNAME                  TYPE    VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
log_archive_dest_23          string
log_archive_dest_24          string
log_archive_dest_25          string
log_archive_dest_26          string
log_archive_dest_27          string
log_archive_dest_28          string
log_archive_dest_29          string
log_archive_dest_3           string
log_archive_dest_30          string
log_archive_dest_31          string
log_archive_dest_4           stringNAME                  TYPE    VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
log_archive_dest_5           string
log_archive_dest_6           string
log_archive_dest_7           string
log_archive_dest_8           string
log_archive_dest_9           string
log_archive_dest_state_1         string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_10        string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_11        string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_12        string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_13        string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_14        string  enableNAME                  TYPE    VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
log_archive_dest_state_15        string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_16        string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_17        string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_18        string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_19        string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_2         string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_20        string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_21        string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_22        string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_23        string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_24        string  enableNAME                  TYPE    VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
log_archive_dest_state_25        string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_26        string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_27        string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_28        string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_29        string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_3         string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_30        string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_31        string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_4         string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_5         string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_6         string  enableNAME                         TYPE         VALUE
-------------------------   ----------- ----------------
log_archive_dest_state_7         string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_8         string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_9         string  enable
log_archive_duplex_dest          string
log_archive_format           string  %t_%s_%r.dbf
log_archive_local_first             boolean  TRUE
log_archive_max_processes        integer     4
log_archive_min_succeed_dest     integer     1
log_archive_start               boolean  FALSE
log_archive_trace                integer     0
standby_archive_dest             string  ?/dbs/arch

SQL> show parameter log_file_name_convert
NAME                      TYPE     VALUE
----------------------- ----------- ----------------
log_file_name_convert    string  +DATA/racdb/onlinelog/, /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1/

13.在RAC1上用rman进行备份

[oracle@up1 backup]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager:Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Mar 17 18:58:43 2015
Copyright (c) 1982,2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  Allrights reserved.
connected to targetdatabase: RACDG (DBID=1109864007)
RMAN> backup database format'/home/oracle/backup/cc_%u.bak ';Starting backup at17-MAR-15
using targetdatabase control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel:ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1:SID=32 instance=racdg1 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1:starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1:specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile filenumber=00001 name=+DATA1/racdg/datafile/system.292.874603637
input datafile filenumber=00002 name=+DATA1/racdg/datafile/sysaux.293.874603643
input datafile filenumber=00003 name=+DATA1/racdg/datafile/undotbs1.294.874603645
input datafile filenumber=00005 name=+DATA1/racdg/datafile/undotbs2.300.874604699
input datafile filenumber=00004 name=+DATA1/racdg/datafile/users.295.874603647
channel ORA_DISK_1:starting piece 1 at 17-MAR-15
channel ORA_DISK_1:finished piece 1 at 17-MAR-15
piecehandle=/home/oracle/db_backup/racdbfull_20150317_874609135_01q22uff_1_1tag=TAG20150317T185854 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1:backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:02:45
channel ORA_DISK_1:starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1:specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including currentcontrol file in backup set
including currentSPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1:starting piece 1 at 17-MAR-15
channel ORA_DISK_1:finished piece 1 at 17-MAR-15
piece handle=/home/oracle/db_backup/racdbfull_20150317_874609302_02q22ukm_2_1tag=TAG20150317T185854 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1:backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:16
Finished backup at17-MAR-15
RMAN>

14.为standby db创建controlfile

sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> ALTER DATABASE CREATE STANDBY CONTROLFILE AS '/home/oracle/backup/racdb.ctl';
Database altered.
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.

15.将备份考到备库的相应路径下

scp  /home/oracle/backup/* 192.168.1.160:/home/oracle/backup

16.修改备库的静态参数文件
在备库上去掉primary parameter中的内容如下：

*.cluster_database=TRUE
racdg1.instance_number=1
racdg2.instance_number=2
*.remote_listener='scan.localdomain:1521'
*.db_create_file_dest='+DATA1'
*.cluster_database=true
*.memory_target=842006528
*.db_recovery_file_dest='+DATA3'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4070572032

添加修改参数：

*.pga_aggregate_target=339738624
*.sga_target=503316480
*.audit_file_dest='' /u01/app/oracle/admin/racdb/adump
*.core_dump_dest='' /u01/app/oracle/admin/racdb/cdump
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files= ' /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1/control01.ctl ',' /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1/control02.ctl '
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='racdg'
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP)(SERVICE=racdgXDB)'
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'
*.thread=1
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.db_unique_name='racdb'
*.service_names='racdb'
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(racdb,dg1)'
*.log_archive_dest_1= 'LOCATION=/u01/archivelog VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dg1'
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=racdb1 LGWR SYNC AFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=racdb'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1='enable'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='enable'
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'
*.log_file_name_convert= '+DATA/racdb/onlinelog/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1/','+ARC/racdb/onlinelog/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/arclog/'
*.db_file_name_convert= '+DATA/racdb/datafile/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1/'
*.log_archive_max_processes=30
*.standby_file_management='auto'
*.FAL_SERVER='racdb1','racdb2' ###写的是tnsname里字符串的名字 就是net server name
*.fal_client='dg1'   #####同上

完整参数如下
注意：不要直接无脑复制，因为每个环境都不一样，以下仅作为参考

*.__db_cache_size=385875968
*.__java_pool_size=4194304
*.__large_pool_size=8388608
*.__pga_aggregate_target=209715200
*.__sga_target=629145600
*.__shared_io_pool_size=0
*.__shared_pool_size=222298112
*.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/racdb/adump'
*.core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/racdb/cdump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='racdb'
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=racdbXDB)'
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=209715200
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'
*.sga_target=629145600
*.thread=1
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.db_unique_name='dg1'
*.service_names='dg1'
*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(racdb,dg1)'
*.log_archive_dest_1 = 'LOCATION=/u01/archivelog VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dg1'
*.log_archive_dest_2 = 'SERVICE=racdb1 LGWR SYNC AFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=racdb'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1=enable
*.log_archive_dest_state_2=enable
*.db_file_name_convert='+DATA/racdb/datafile/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1/'
*.log_file_name_convert='+DATA/racdb/onlinelog/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1/','+ARC/racdb/onlinelog/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/arclog/'
*.standby_file_management=AUTO
*.FAL_SERVER='racdb1','racdb2'
*.fal_client='dg1'

17.备库开启到nomount

SQL> startup pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initdg1.ora' nomount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area  217157632 bytes
Fixed Size                  2211928 bytes
Variable Size             159387560 bytes
Database Buffers           50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers                5226496 bytes

创建spfile

SQL>
create spfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/spfiledg1.ora' from pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initdg1.ora';

18.查看相关参数是否生效

SQL> show parameter fal
NAME                     TYPE    VALUE
-------------       ----------- ------------
fal_client              string   dg1
fal_server              string   racdb1, racdb2

SQL> show parameter archive
NAME                        TYPE     VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ----------------
archive_lag_target               integer     0
log_archive_config               string  DG_CONFIG=(racdb,dg1)
log_archive_dest                 string
log_archive_dest_1           string  LOCATION=/u01/archivelog VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES)DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dg1
log_archive_dest_10          string
log_archive_dest_11          string
log_archive_dest_12          string
log_archive_dest_13          string
log_archive_dest_14          stringNAME                  TYPE    VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ----------------
log_archive_dest_15          string
log_archive_dest_16          string
log_archive_dest_17          string
log_archive_dest_18          string
log_archive_dest_19          string
log_archive_dest_2           string  SERVICE=racdb1 LGWR SYNC AFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=racdb
log_archive_dest_20          string
log_archive_dest_21          stringNAME                  TYPE    VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ----------------
log_archive_dest_22          string
log_archive_dest_23          string
log_archive_dest_24          string
log_archive_dest_25          string
log_archive_dest_26          string
log_archive_dest_27          string
log_archive_dest_28          string
log_archive_dest_29          string
log_archive_dest_3           string
log_archive_dest_30          string
log_archive_dest_31          stringNAME                  TYPE    VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ----------------
log_archive_dest_4           string
log_archive_dest_5           string
log_archive_dest_6           string
log_archive_dest_7           string
log_archive_dest_8           string
log_archive_dest_9           string
log_archive_dest_state_1         string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_10        string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_11        string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_12        string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_13        string  enableNAME                  TYPE    VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ----------------
log_archive_dest_state_14        string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_15        string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_16        string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_17        string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_18        string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_19        string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_2         string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_20        string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_21        string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_22        string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_23        string  enableNAME                  TYPE    VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
log_archive_dest_state_24        string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_25        string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_26        string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_27        string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_28        string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_29        string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_3         string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_30        string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_31        string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_4         string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_5         string  enableNAME                  TYPE    VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ----------------
log_archive_dest_state_6         string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_7         string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_8         string  enable
log_archive_dest_state_9         string  enable
log_archive_duplex_dest          string
log_archive_format           string  %t_%s_%r.dbf
log_archive_local_first          boolean     TRUE
log_archive_max_processes        integer     4
log_archive_min_succeed_dest         integer     1
log_archive_start            boolean     FALSE
log_archive_trace            integer     0NAME                   TYPE    VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ----------------
standby_archive_dest             string  ?/dbs/arch

19.在备库上用rman恢复数据

[oracle@standydb~]$ rman target sys/密码@racdb1 auxiliary  sys/密码@dg1
Recovery Manager:Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Mar 17 20:22:42 2015
Copyright (c) 1982,2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  Allrights reserved.
connected to targetdatabase: RACDB (DBID=1109864007)
connected toauxiliary database: RACDB (not mounted)
RMAN>duplicate target database for standby from active database nofilenamecheck;
--如果遇到ora-17628，则是相关路径没有建立rman里查看report schema
看到Finished DuplicateDb at 17-MAR-15代表成功。

20.在主库和备库上分别添加备库重做日志组
RAC有两个redo thread,每个thread有两个日志组，每个日志组有一个日志文件，文件大小为50M。
主库查看

SQL> select thread#,group#,members,bytes/1024/1024 from v$log;THREAD#     GROUP#    MEMBERS BYTES/1024/1024
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------------1          1          1              501          2          1              502          3          1              502          4          1              50

SQL> select GROUP#,STATUS,TYPE,MEMBER from v$logfile;GROUP# STATUS  TYPE    MEMBER
---------- ------- ------- --------------------------------------2         ONLINE  +DATA/paydb/onlinelog/group_2.262.9274847591         ONLINE  +DATA/paydb/onlinelog/group_1.261.9274847513         ONLINE  +DATA/paydb/onlinelog/group_3.266.9274851734         ONLINE  +DATA/paydb/onlinelog/group_4.267.927485181

主库添加备库重做日志组

alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 5 size 50M,group 6 size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 7 size 50M,group 8 size 50M;

备库查看状态

SQL> select instance_name,status from v$instance;INSTANCE_NAME    STATUS
---------------- ------------
racdg            MOUNTED

SQL> SELECT SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;
SWITCHOVER_STATUS
--------------------
RECOVERY NEEDED

备库添加备库重做日志组

alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 5('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1/styredo05.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/arclog/styarc05.log') size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 6('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1/styredo06.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/arclog/styarc06.log') size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 7('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1/styredo07.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/arclog/styarc07.log') size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 8('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1/styredo08.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/arclog/styarc08.log') size 50M;

以下是关于备库重做日志组的要求：

--a)、确保standbyredo log的大小与主库online redolog的大小一致
--b)、如主库为单实例数据库：standbyredo log组数=主库日志组总数+1?
--c)、如果主库是RAC数据库：standby redo log组数=(每线程的日志组数+1)*线程数?
--d)、不建议复用standbyredo log，避免增加额外的I/O以及延缓重做传输

为了确保安全，上述试验并没有按照B和C的要求来，有兴趣的同学可以试一试按照上述要求来会不会出错误。
21.在standby端开启实时日志应用

recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
Media recovery complete.

22.测试ADG
①执行日志切换测试（在pri端切换归档，在节点二上检查是否也发生了切换）
–primary执行日志切换

archive log list;
Current log sequence          18alter system switch logfile;archive log list;
Current log sequence          19

–standby查看日志的sequence号也跟着变了

archive log list;
Current log sequence          19

②查看standby启动的DG进程

select process,client_process,sequence#,status from v$managed_standby;
PROCESS  CLIENT_P  SEQUENCE# STATUS
--------- -------- ---------- ------------
ARCH      ARCH            23 CLOSING
ARCH      ARCH              0 CONNECTED            //归档进程
ARCH      ARCH            21 CLOSING
ARCH      ARCH              0 CONNECTED
RFS      ARCH              0 IDLE
RFS      UNKNOWN          0 IDLE
RFS      LGWR            24 IDLE                  //归档传输进程
RFS      UNKNOWN          0 IDLE
MRP0      N/A              24 APPLYING_LOG      //日志应用进程       ---这个地方要是appying log就对了

③查看数据库的保护模式
#primary 端查看，我们可以看到数据库的保护模式为最大性能

select database_role,protection_mode,protection_level,open_mode from v$database;  DATABASE_ROLE    PROTECTION_MODE      PROTECTION_LEVEL    OPEN_MODE
---------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
PRIMARY          MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE  MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE  READ WRITE

#standby 端查看，也是一样的。

select database_role,protection_mode,protection_level,open_mode from v$database;  DATABASE_ROLE    PROTECTION_MODE      PROTECTION_LEVEL    OPEN_MODE
---------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE  MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE  MOUNTED

④Open Read Only standby数据库并且开启实时日志应用

shutdown immediate
startup
select OPEN_MODE from v$database ;
OPEN_MODE
--------------------
READ ONLY

注意：如果无法启动—如果无法open，很有可能参数文件的fal_server和fal_client与tnsnames.ora的字符串不符合会报ora_10458

select database_role,protection_mode,protection_level,open_mode from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE    PROTECTION_MODE      PROTECTION_LEVEL    OPEN_MODE
---------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE  MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE  READ ONLY

select process,client_process,sequence#,status from v$managed_standby;
PROCESS  CLIENT_P  SEQUENCE# STATUS
--------- -------- ---------- ------------
ARCH      ARCH              0 CONNECTED
ARCH      ARCH              0 CONNECTED
ARCH      ARCH              0 CONNECTED
ARCH      ARCH            26 CLOSING
RFS      ARCH              0 IDLE
RFS      UNKNOWN          0 IDLE
RFS      LGWR            27 IDLE

⑤开启到read only with apply模式

recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
select OPEN_MODE from v$database ;
OPEN_MODE
--------------------
READ ONLY WITH APPLY

1. 解锁scott用户，添加数据，验证数据是否能同步
   #在primary端创建解锁scott用户并创建测试表
   #primary 端操作如下内容

alter user scott account unlock identified by tiger;
conn scott/tiger;  create table d1 as select * from dept;  update d1 set deptno=90;commit;
select * from d1;

#standby端查询scott用户是否解锁，以及d1表是否创建并且更新数据：

conn scott/tiger;
select * from tab;    TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID
------------------------------ ------- ----------
BONUS                          TABLE
DEPT                          TABLE
EMP                            TABLE
SALGRADE                      TABLE
d1                        TABLE  select * from d1;

#至此Oracle 11g RAC+ADG配置完成
以下是主备模式切换，本人并没有做过以下试验，有兴趣的同学可以自己试验一下。注意路径要正确。
1、 因环境中primaryDB是双节点Rac集群，standbyDB为单节点。在切换时需要将rac节点中关闭racdb2节点实例。对于为什么关闭racdb2节点，原因是在standbyDB Initialization Parameters 中配置接收点为racdb1

SQL>show parameter log_archive_dest_2NAME                            TYPE                          VALUE
-------------------------------- ------------------------------
log_archive_dest_2         string      service=racdb1 async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role)
db_unique_name=racdg
[grid@racdg2 ~]$ srvctl stop instance -d racdg -i racdb2
查看alter_racdb2.log

2、 检查主库switchover_status
PrimaryDB

SQL> select SWITCHOVER#,SWITCHOVER_STATUS,DATABASE_ROLE from v$database;SWITCHOVER#       SWITCHOVER_STATUS    DATABASE_ROLE
------------------   ------------- ----------------1110966030              TO STANDBY           PRIMARY
StandbyDB
SQL> select SWITCHOVER#,SWITCHOVER_STATUS,DATABASE_ROLE from v$database;SWITCHOVER#SWITCHOVER_STATUS    DATABASE_ROLE
------------------------------- ----------------1110966030    NOT ALLOWED           PHYSICAL STANDBY

3、 开启式切换primaryDB

ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PHYSICAL STANDBYWITH SESSION SHUTDOWN;

切换完成后，查看实例状态

4、 关闭实例racdg1并启动到mount状态

SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
SQL> STARTUP MOUNT;

5、 查看standbyDB 状态，并查看

SQL> SELECT SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;SWITCHOVER_STATUS
--------------------
TOPRIMARY

6、 切换physicalstandby DB to prmary role

ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY WITH SESSION SHUTDOWN;

7、 创建接收日志文件
查看logfile

添加日志文件

ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 1 GROUP 5
('+DATA1/racdg/onlinelog/slog5_1.rdo','+DATA2/racdg/onlinelog/slog5_2.rdo') SIZE 50M;ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 1 GROUP 6('+DATA1/racdg/onlinelog/slog6_1.rdo','+DATA2/racdg/onlinelog/slog6_2.rdo') SIZE 50M;ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 2 GROUP 7('+DATA1/racdg/onlinelog/slog7_1.rdo','+DATA2/racdg/onlinelog/slog7_2.rdo') SIZE 50M;ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 2 GROUP 8('+DATA1/racdg/onlinelog/slog8_1.rdo','+DATA2/racdg/onlinelog/slog8_2.rdo') SIZE 50M;

8、 打开新的primaryDB

SQL> alter database open;

9、 在新的physicalstandby DB上Start redo log

SQL>ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE2  DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;Database altered.

10、查看状态
新的physical standby DB

新的primary DB

到此为止，切换已经完成。
查看并验证：
第一种：
在新的primary DB 节点上查看

SQL> SELECT SEQUENCE#,APPLIED FROMV$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BY SEQUENCE#;
SQL> alter system switch logfile;

在新的standby DB 节点上查看

SQL> SELECT SEQUENCE#,APPLIED FROMV$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BY SEQUENCE#;

这说明包括primary 上做了一次alter system switch logfile之后的142，和140 、141 一并同步过来了。
第二种：
删除表空间DBF

drop tablespace VAV1 including contents anddatafiles cascade constraints;

1、 查看
New primary 节点

New physical standby DB

2、 删除VAV1表空间

drop tablespace VAV1 including contentsand datafiles cascade constraints;

3、 在new physicalstandby DB 节点查看

到此说明switchover primary to standby 成功

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