tensorflow预定义经典卷积神经网络和数据集tf.keras.applications

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1.1 tensorflow预定义经典卷积神经网络和数据集

1.1.1 预定义模型tf.keras.applications

tensorflow有很多已经定义好的模型，而且模型参数已经训练过，可以直接下载模型参数文件，载入参数，使用模型。预定义模型在tf.keras.applications。

# This file is MACHINE GENERATED! Do not edit.
# Generated by: tensorflow/python/tools/api/generator/create_python_api.py script.
"""Keras Applications are canned architectures with pre-trained weights.
"""from __future__ import print_function as _print_functionimport sys as _sysfrom . import densenet
from . import efficientnet
from . import imagenet_utils
from . import inception_resnet_v2
from . import inception_v3
from . import mobilenet
from . import mobilenet_v2
from . import nasnet
from . import resnet
from . import resnet50
from . import resnet_v2
from . import vgg16
from . import vgg19
from . import xception
from tensorflow.python.keras.applications.densenet import DenseNet121
from tensorflow.python.keras.applications.densenet import DenseNet169
from tensorflow.python.keras.applications.densenet import DenseNet201
from tensorflow.python.keras.applications.efficientnet import EfficientNetB0
from tensorflow.python.keras.applications.efficientnet import EfficientNetB1
from tensorflow.python.keras.applications.efficientnet import EfficientNetB2
from tensorflow.python.keras.applications.efficientnet import EfficientNetB3
from tensorflow.python.keras.applications.efficientnet import EfficientNetB4
from tensorflow.python.keras.applications.efficientnet import EfficientNetB5
from tensorflow.python.keras.applications.efficientnet import EfficientNetB6
from tensorflow.python.keras.applications.efficientnet import EfficientNetB7
from tensorflow.python.keras.applications.inception_resnet_v2 import InceptionResNetV2
from tensorflow.python.keras.applications.inception_v3 import InceptionV3
from tensorflow.python.keras.applications.mobilenet import MobileNet
from tensorflow.python.keras.applications.mobilenet_v2 import MobileNetV2
from tensorflow.python.keras.applications.nasnet import NASNetLarge
from tensorflow.python.keras.applications.nasnet import NASNetMobile
from tensorflow.python.keras.applications.resnet import ResNet101
from tensorflow.python.keras.applications.resnet import ResNet152
from tensorflow.python.keras.applications.resnet import ResNet50
from tensorflow.python.keras.applications.resnet_v2 import ResNet101V2
from tensorflow.python.keras.applications.resnet_v2 import ResNet152V2
from tensorflow.python.keras.applications.resnet_v2 import ResNet50V2
from tensorflow.python.keras.applications.vgg16 import VGG16
from tensorflow.python.keras.applications.vgg19 import VGG19
from tensorflow.python.keras.applications.xception import Xceptiondel _print_function

预定模型种类说明

可以在官网查看https://keras.io/zh/applications/



模型	大小	Top-1 准确率	Top-5 准确率	参数数量	深度
Xception	88 MB	0.790	0.945	22,910,480	126
VGG16	528 MB	0.713	0.901	138,357,544	23
VGG19	549 MB	0.713	0.900	143,667,240	26
ResNet50	98 MB	0.749	0.921	25,636,712	-
ResNet101	171 MB	0.764	0.928	44,707,176	-
ResNet152	232 MB	0.766	0.931	60,419,944	-
ResNet50V2	98 MB	0.760	0.930	25,613,800	-
ResNet101V2	171 MB	0.772	0.938	44,675,560	-
ResNet152V2	232 MB	0.780	0.942	60,380,648	-
ResNeXt50	96 MB	0.777	0.938	25,097,128	-
ResNeXt101	170 MB	0.787	0.943	44,315,560	-
InceptionV3	92 MB	0.779	0.937	23,851,784	159
InceptionResNetV2	215 MB	0.803	0.953	55,873,736	572
MobileNet	16 MB	0.704	0.895	4,253,864	88
MobileNetV2	14 MB	0.713	0.901	3,538,984	88
DenseNet121	33 MB	0.750	0.923	8,062,504	121
DenseNet169	57 MB	0.762	0.932	14,307,880	169
DenseNet201	80 MB	0.773	0.936	20,242,984	201
NASNetMobile	23 MB	0.744	0.919	5,326,716	-
NASNetLarge	343 MB	0.825	0.960	88,949,818

1.1.2 数据集tensorflow_datasets

（1）安装方式，可以打开anaconda界面，用命令行去添加，也可以直接在pycharm里面为环境添加。

输入activate tensoflow 激活环境

然后输入pip install tensorflow_datasets 安装数据集库

（2）或者在pycharm里面安装库

点击pycharm工程的file-》setting

在输入框内输入tensorflow_datasets,出现安装库，然后选中列表中的tensorflow_datasets，点击左下角的install Package

之后再py文件中输入import tensorflow_datasets as dataset就可以使用数据集了。

（3）运行出现HDF5库和h5py版本不匹配的问题

安装完成后开始编译下载数据，出现如下错误

h5py is running against HDF5 1.10.5 when it was built against 1.10.6, this may cause problems

因为下载数据用到的HDF5和h5py的版本冲突不匹配，可以在anaconda中先输入pip uninstall h5py 然后再输入pip install h5py。下载最新版本的h5py,问题解决。

（4）tensorflow_datasets 包含的数据集名称

可以用下面的语句打印显示

import tensorflow_datasets as data

print(data.list_builders())#打印显示所有的数据集名称，用load加载

['abstract_reasoning', 'accentdb', 'aeslc', 'aflw2k3d', 'ag_news_subset', 'ai2_arc', 'ai2_arc_with_ir', 'amazon_us_reviews', 'anli', 'arc', 'bair_robot_pushing_small', 'bccd', 'beans', 'big_patent', 'bigearthnet', 'billsum', 'binarized_mnist', 'binary_alpha_digits', 'blimp', 'bool_q', 'c4', 'caltech101', 'caltech_birds2010', 'caltech_birds2011', 'cars196', 'cassava', 'cats_vs_dogs', 'celeb_a', 'celeb_a_hq', 'cfq', 'cherry_blossoms', 'chexpert', 'cifar10', 'cifar100', 'cifar10_1', 'cifar10_corrupted', 'citrus_leaves', 'cityscapes', 'civil_comments', 'clevr', 'clic', 'clinc_oos', 'cmaterdb', 'cnn_dailymail', 'coco', 'coco_captions', 'coil100', 'colorectal_histology', 'colorectal_histology_large', 'common_voice', 'coqa', 'cos_e', 'cosmos_qa', 'covid19sum', 'crema_d', 'curated_breast_imaging_ddsm', 'cycle_gan', 'd4rl_mujoco_ant', 'd4rl_mujoco_halfcheetah', 'dart', 'davis', 'deep_weeds', 'definite_pronoun_resolution', 'dementiabank', 'diabetic_retinopathy_detection', 'div2k', 'dmlab', 'dolphin_number_word', 'downsampled_imagenet', 'drop', 'dsprites', 'dtd', 'duke_ultrasound', 'e2e_cleaned', 'efron_morris75', 'emnist', 'eraser_multi_rc', 'esnli', 'eurosat', 'fashion_mnist', 'flic', 'flores', 'food101', 'forest_fires', 'fuss', 'gap', 'geirhos_conflict_stimuli', 'gem', 'genomics_ood', 'german_credit_numeric', 'gigaword', 'glue', 'goemotions', 'gpt3', 'gref', 'groove', 'gtzan', 'gtzan_music_speech', 'hellaswag', 'higgs', 'horses_or_humans', 'howell', 'i_naturalist2017', 'imagenet2012', 'imagenet2012_corrupted', 'imagenet2012_real', 'imagenet2012_subset', 'imagenet_a', 'imagenet_r', 'imagenet_resized', 'imagenet_v2', 'imagenette', 'imagewang', 'imdb_reviews', 'irc_disentanglement', 'iris', 'kitti', 'kmnist', 'lambada', 'lfw', 'librispeech', 'librispeech_lm', 'libritts', 'ljspeech', 'lm1b', 'lost_and_found', 'lsun', 'lvis', 'malaria', 'math_dataset', 'mctaco', 'mlqa', 'mnist', 'mnist_corrupted', 'movie_lens', 'movie_rationales', 'movielens', 'moving_mnist', 'multi_news', 'multi_nli', 'multi_nli_mismatch', 'natural_questions', 'natural_questions_open', 'newsroom', 'nsynth', 'nyu_depth_v2', 'ogbg_molpcba', 'omniglot', 'open_images_challenge2019_detection', 'open_images_v4', 'openbookqa', 'opinion_abstracts', 'opinosis', 'opus', 'oxford_flowers102', 'oxford_iiit_pet', 'para_crawl', 'patch_camelyon', 'paws_wiki', 'paws_x_wiki', 'pet_finder', 'pg19', 'piqa', 'places365_small', 'plant_leaves', 'plant_village', 'plantae_k', 'qa4mre', 'qasc', 'quac', 'quickdraw_bitmap', 'race', 'radon', 'reddit', 'reddit_disentanglement', 'reddit_tifu', 'resisc45', 'robonet', 'rock_paper_scissors', 'rock_you', 's3o4d', 'salient_span_wikipedia', 'samsum', 'savee', 'scan', 'scene_parse150', 'schema_guided_dialogue', 'scicite', 'scientific_papers', 'sentiment140', 'shapes3d', 'siscore', 'smallnorb', 'snli', 'so2sat', 'speech_commands', 'spoken_digit', 'squad', 'stanford_dogs', 'stanford_online_products', 'star_cfq', 'starcraft_video', 'stl10', 'story_cloze', 'sun397', 'super_glue', 'svhn_cropped', 'tao', 'ted_hrlr_translate', 'ted_multi_translate', 'tedlium', 'tf_flowers', 'the300w_lp', 'tiny_shakespeare', 'titanic', 'trec', 'trivia_qa', 'tydi_qa', 'uc_merced', 'ucf101', 'vctk', 'vgg_face2', 'visual_domain_decathlon', 'voc', 'voxceleb', 'voxforge', 'waymo_open_dataset', 'web_nlg', 'web_questions', 'wider_face', 'wiki40b', 'wiki_bio', 'wiki_table_questions', 'wiki_table_text', 'wikiann', 'wikihow', 'wikipedia', 'wikipedia_toxicity_subtypes', 'wine_quality', 'winogrande', 'wmt13_translate', 'wmt14_translate', 'wmt15_translate', 'wmt16_translate', 'wmt17_translate', 'wmt18_translate', 'wmt19_translate', 'wmt_t2t_translate', 'wmt_translate', 'wordnet', 'wsc273', 'xnli', 'xquad', 'xsum', 'xtreme_pawsx', 'xtreme_xnli', 'yelp_polarity_reviews', 'yes_no', 'youtube_vis']

1.1.3 预定义模型和数据集使用实例

import tensorflow as tf
import tensorflow_datasets as data#（3）定义训练参数和模型对象，数据集对象
num_epochs = 5
batch_size = 19#一批数据的数量
learning_rate = 0.001#学习率
#根据第一个参数名称来下载数据集
print(data.list_builders())#打印显示所有的数据集名称，用load加载
dataset = data.load("tf_flowers",split=data.Split.TRAIN,as_supervised=True)#创建数据源对象,下载数据
dataset=dataset.map(lambda img,label:(tf.image.resize(img,(224,224))/255.0,label)).shuffle(1024).batch(batch_size)
model = tf.keras.applications.MobileNetV2(weights=None,classes=5)#创建模型
optimizer = tf.keras.optimizers.Adam(learning_rate=learning_rate)#创建优化器，用于参数学习优化#开始训练参数
#arryindex=np.arange(num_batches)
#arryloss=np.zeros(num_batches)
#通过梯度下降法对模型参数进行训练，优化模型
for e in range(num_epochs):for images,labels in dataset:with tf.GradientTape() as tape:label_pred=model(images,trainable=True)# 计算损失函数loss = tf.keras.losses.sparse_categorical_crossentropy(y_true=labels, y_pred=label_pred)# 计算损失函数的均方根值，表示误差大小loss = tf.reduce_mean(loss)print("第%d次训练后:误差%f" % (batch_index, loss.numpy()))grads = tape.gradient(loss, model.variables)# 将梯度值调整模型参数print(label_pred)optimizer.apply_gradients(grads_and_vars=zip(grads, model.variables))

运行下载数据出现断开连接的错误

Connection broken: ConnectionResetError(10054, '远程主机强迫关闭了一个现有的连接。', None, 10054, None)"

网上因为下载数据太多，时间超时，远程主机以为是受到攻击，自动断开。没找到解决方法。