#管道Pipe
from multiprocessing import Process,Pipe#1
def func1(conn2):msg=conn2.recv()print('conn2:',msg)if __name__ == '__main__':conn1,conn2=Pipe()p=Process(target=func1,args=(conn2,))p.start()conn1.send('你好')#2
def func1(conn1,conn2):conn1.close()while 1:try:msg=conn2.recv()print('conn2',msg)except EOFError:break
if __name__ == '__main__':conn1,conn2=Pipe()p=Process(target=func1,args=(conn1,conn2))p.start()conn2.close()conn1.send('你好')conn1.close()

#数据共享 Manager
from multiprocessing import Process,Manager,Lock#1
def func1(m_dic):m_dic['name']='刘伟'print('子进程结束')if __name__ == '__main__':m=Manager()m_dic=m.dict({'name':'伟'})p=Process(target=func1,args=(m_dic,))p.start()print('主进程 :',m_dic)p.join()print('主进程 :', m_dic)#2
def func1(m_dic,lock):with lock:#加锁m_dic['count']-=1if __name__ == '__main__':lock=Lock()m_dic=Manager().dict({'count':100})lst=[]for i in range(20):p=Process(target=func1,args=(m_dic,lock))p.start()lst.append(p)[el.join() for el in lst]print('主进程m_dic:',m_dic)

#进程池
import time,os
from  multiprocessing import Process,Pool
#1
def func1(n):time.sleep(1)print(n)
if __name__ == '__main__':pool=Pool(4)pool.map(func1,range(100))#2进程池与多进程运行时间对比
def func(n):print(n)
if __name__ == '__main__':pool=Pool(4)pool_s=time.time()pool.map(func,range(100))#map异步执行的方法pool_e=time.time()pool_dif=pool_e-pool_sp_lst=[]p_s=time.time()for i in range(100):p1=Process(target=func,args=(i,))p1.start()p_lst.append(p1)[p.join() for p in p_lst]p_e=time.time()p_dif=p_e-p_sprint('进程池时间:', pool_dif)print('多进程时间:',p_dif)#3apply同步执行的方法
def func(i):time.sleep(0.5)return i**2
if __name__ == '__main__':pool=Pool(4)for  i in range(10):ret=pool.apply(func,args=(i,))print(ret)#4apply_async异步执行的方法
def func(i):time.sleep(2)print(os.getpid())return i**2
if __name__ == '__main__':pool=Pool(4)lst=[]for  i in range(10):ret=pool.apply_async(func,args=(i,))lst.append(ret)pool.close()#让进程池不再接受别的任务pool.join()#等待进程池进程全部执行完for i in lst:print('结果：',i.get())#get取不到会阻塞变为同步,所以用列表先放对象,在循环列表,元素点get取值#5 pool.close(),pool.join()
def func(i):time.sleep(2)print(i)return i**2
if __name__ == '__main__':pool=Pool(4)for  i in range(10):ret=pool.apply_async(func,args=(i,))pool.close()#不允许别的任务在使用进程池，不是关闭进程池pool.join()#感知进程池中任务的方法print('主进程结束')#6回调callback
def func1(i):print('func_id:',os.getpid())return i**2
def func2(m):print("func2_id:",os.getpid())print('func2>>>>',m)# return m**2if __name__ == '__main__':pool=Pool(4)ret=pool.apply_async(func1,args=(10,),callback=func2)print('ret:',ret.get())pool.close()pool.join()print('主进程id：',os.getpid())