python用的时间不长，一般用来做字符串处理、简单测试的一些小程序。最近工作中需要做一个简单的GUI应用，使用麦克录音并存成wave文件。然后就想拿wxPython练练手。

一、概述

GUI开发采用wxPython，界面编辑工具采用wxGlade，声音采集和播放采用PyAudio，小数据库采用sqlite3，最后使用py2exe打包发布。基本的应用开发流程都包括了。

二、wxGlade

界面编辑工具也是找了几个，比如wxFormBuilder，甚至是收费的DialogBlocks，wxFormBuilder 很漂亮，不过bug好像较多，经常自动退出。wxGlade有经典的Linux GUI界面风格，分立式窗体，了解了基本的原理后用起来很方便。主要是其中的sizer，add slot、insert slot增加空位，然后添加控件。也可以添加自定义的控件，只需要设置自定义控件的Class属性。然后在MainFrame的Extra code for this widget增加from YourModule import YourCLass。因为界面比较简单，我没有采用XRC资源导入的模式，而是直接生成MainFrame的代码。由于界面设计可能会变，在应用中新建一 个MainFrameEx类继承MainFrame，将事件处理放在继承类中完成。这样每次使用wxGlade编辑界面后可以直接覆盖生成的代码。

三、PyAudio

PyAudio是从PortAudio移植的，现在还是alpha版。不过使用起来还真是方便，看看网站上提供的example就可以了。没有什么大问题。需要注意多线程的问题，PyAudio对象尽量复用。注意线程中刷新wxWidget需要使用wx.CallAfter方法。

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

import pyaudio

import wave

import threading

import wx

import datetime

import traceback

import os

import logging

logger = logging.getLogger("root")

class BMRecord(threading.Thread):

CHUNK = 1024

FORMAT = pyaudio.paInt16  # 至少为16位

DEVICE = 1

CHANNELS = 1

RATE = 44100

RECORD_SECONDS = 5

def __init__(self, window, audio, device, prefix):

threading.Thread.__init__(self)

self.window = window

self.audio = audio

self.prefix = prefix  # wave文件命名的前缀

self.DEVICE = device

self.CHANNELS = 2  # 双通道采集

self.RECORD_SECONDS = int(window.params["length"])

self.RATE = int(window.params["rate"])

self.FORMAT = pyaudio.paInt16

def record(self):

self.filename = ""

self.filetime = ""

try :

stream = self.audio.open(format=self.FORMAT,

channels=self.CHANNELS,

rate=self.RATE,

input=True,

input_device_index=self.DEVICE,

frames_per_buffer=self.CHUNK)

frames = []

for i in range(0, int(self.RATE * self.RECORD_SECONDS / self.CHUNK)):

data = stream.read(self.CHUNK)

frames.append(data)

i = i

stream.stop_stream()

stream.close()

now = datetime.datetime.now()

strnow = now.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S')

self.filetime = now.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')

savepath = self.checkPath(strnow)

# 双声道存为两个单声道文件

frames1 = []

frames2 = []

wavedata = b''.join(frames)

for i in range(len(wavedata) / 4):

frames1.append(wavedata[i * 4 : i * 4 + 2])

frames2.append(wavedata[i * 4 + 2 : i * 4 + 4])

# 双声道存储

fullpath = savepath + "/" + strnow + self.prefix + "X.wav"

wf = wave.open(fullpath, 'wb')

wf.setnchannels(2)

wf.setsampwidth(self.audio.get_sample_size(self.FORMAT))

wf.setframerate(self.RATE)

wf.writeframes(wavedata)

wf.close()

# 两个单声道存储

filenames = [strnow + self.prefix + "Z.wav", strnow + self.prefix + "Y.wav"]

fullpath = savepath + "/" + filenames[0]

wf = wave.open(fullpath, 'wb')

wf.setnchannels(1)

wf.setsampwidth(self.audio.get_sample_size(self.FORMAT))

wf.setframerate(self.RATE)

wf.writeframes(b''.join(frames1))

wf.close()

fullpath = savepath + "/" + filenames[1]

wf = wave.open(fullpath, 'wb')

wf.setnchannels(1)

wf.setsampwidth(self.audio.get_sample_size(self.FORMAT))

wf.setframerate(self.RATE)

wf.writeframes(b''.join(frames2))

wf.close()

self.message = "录制成功"

self.filenames = filenames

logger.info(filenames[0] + "," + filenames[1] + ", recorded")

return 0

except Exception:

self.message = traceback.format_exc()

logger.error(traceback.format_exc())

return -1

def checkPath(self, pathname):

curpath = os.path.abspath(os.curdir)

strdate = pathname[0:8]

fullpath = curpath + "/data/" + strdate

if  not os.path.exists(fullpath) :

os.makedirs(fullpath)

return fullpath

def run(self):

ret = self.record()

wx.CallAfter(self.window.recordResult, ret, self.filenames, self.filetime, self.message)

四、sqlite

sqlite模块是Python内置的用起来很方便：

import sqlite3

import datetime

class BMDatabase():

def loadData(self, whichDay):

conn = sqlite3.connect("data/bmon.db")

cur = conn.cursor()

start = datetime.datetime.strptime(whichDay, "%Y-%m-%d")

end = start + datetime.timedelta(days=1)

res = cur.execute("select * from CheckRecord where rec_time between ? and ? order by rec_time", (start, end))

return res.fetchall()

def getFile(self, waveFile):

conn = sqlite3.connect("data/bmon.db")

cur = conn.cursor()

res = cur.execute("select * from CheckRecord where rec_file=?", (waveFile,))

row = res.fetchone()

return row

def save(self, filename, filetime, result):

conn = sqlite3.connect("data/bmon.db")

cur = conn.cursor()

record = [(filename, filetime, result)]

cur.executemany('INSERT INTO CheckRecord (rec_file,rec_time,result) VALUES (?,?,?)', record)

conn.commit()

五、自定义wxWidget控件

自绘控件主要是处理EVT_PAINT事件： self.Bind(wx.EVT_PAINT, self.on_paint)

import wx

class WavePane(wx.StaticText):

waveData = None

spectrum = None

def __init__(self, parent, nid=wx.ID_ANY, caption=""):

wx.StaticText.__init__(self, parent)

self.SetBackgroundStyle(wx.BG_STYLE_CUSTOM)

self.Bind(wx.EVT_SIZE, self.on_size)

self.Bind(wx.EVT_PAINT, self.on_paint)

def on_size(self, event):

self.Refresh()

event.Skip()

def on_paint(self, event):

w, h = self.GetClientSize()

dc = wx.AutoBufferedPaintDC(self)

brush = wx.Brush(wx.Color(0, 0, 0x80), wx.SOLID)

dc.SetBrush(brush)

dc.Clear()

dc.SetPen(wx.Pen(wx.BLACK, 1))

dc.SetTextForeground(wx.Color(0, 0xFF, 0))

font = dc.GetFont()

font.SetPointSize(8)

dc.SetFont(font)

dc.DrawRectangle(0, 0, w - 1, h - 1)

if self.waveData <> None:

dc.BeginDrawing()

dc.SetPen(wx.Pen(wx.Color(0, 0xFF, 0), 1))

au = self.waveData

step = int(au.nframes / w)

height = au.height  # 或者65536 / 2.0

i = 0

j = 0

while i < au.nframes:

if au.frames[2 * i + 1] >= 0x80:  # 负数

value = au.frames[2 * i] + au.frames[2 * i + 1] * 256 - 65536

else:

value = au.frames[2 * i] + au.frames[2 * i + 1] * 256

dc.DrawLine(j, int(h / 2.0), j, int(h / 2.0 * (1 - value * 1.0 / height)))

i += step

j += 1

if 2 * i + 1 >= au.nframes * 2:

break;

dc.DrawText(str(au.maxValue), 1, 1)

dc.DrawText(str(au.minValue), 1, h - 16)

dc.EndDrawing()

elif self.spectrum <> None :

dc.BeginDrawing()

dc.SetPen(wx.Pen(wx.Color(0, 0xFF, 0), 1))

brush = wx.Brush(wx.Color(0, 0xFF, 0), wx.SOLID)

dc.SetBrush(brush)

dc.SetTextForeground(wx.RED)

barWidth = int(w / 72)

i = 0

j = barWidth

while i < 36:

y = int((1 - self.spectrum[i] * 1.0 / self.maxSpectrum) * h)

dc.DrawRectangle(j, y , barWidth, h - y - 1)

if y < h - 2:

dc.FloodFill(j + 1, y + 1, wx.Color(0, 0xFF, 0), wx.FLOOD_BORDER)

# Bar的编号

if i == 0 or(i + 1) % 5 == 0:

if i < 9:

dc.DrawText(str(i + 1), j + 4, h - 13)

else:

dc.DrawText(str(i + 1), j , h - 13)

i += 1

j += barWidth * 2

dc.SetTextForeground(wx.Color(0, 0xFF, 0))

dc.DrawText(str(self.maxSpectrum), 1, 1)

dc.EndDrawing()

def setWaveData(self, waveData):

self.waveData = waveData

self.Refresh()

def setSpectrum(self, spectrum):

self.spectrum = spectrum

if spectrum <> None:

maxValue = 0

for i in range(0, 36):

if  spectrum[i] > maxValue :

maxValue = spectrum[i]

self.maxSpectrum = maxValue

self.Refresh()

六、日志的使用

使用循环日志

import logging.handlers

logger = logging.getLogger("root")

handler = logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'bmon.log'),

maxBytes=5 * 1024 * 1024, backupCount=5)

formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s %(levelname)s: %(message)s')

handler.setFormatter(formatter)

logger.addHandler(handler)

logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

七、py2exe

最后一步就是打包成可执行文件。setup.py：

from distutils.core import setup

import py2exe

# setup(console=["hello.py"])

py2exe_options = dict({

"includes":['sip', 'encodings', 'encodings.ascii', 'encodings.utf_8', 'encodings.cp866'],

"dll_excludes":["MSVCP90.dll"]})

setup(version="1.0",

description="Bearing Monitor",

name="bmon",

zipfile=None,

dist_dir="bmon",

windows=["bmon.py"],

options={'py2exe': py2exe_options},

icon_resources=[(1, "check_all.ico")],

data_files=[("", ["check_all.ico"])]

)

然后命令行下执行：python setup.py py2exe，就可以生成dist发布目录

八、小结

这个简单应用涉及的主要模块就这么几个，组合成了一个简单的GUI应用。Python开发还真是很简单，前提是得熟悉各种模块。