系统: Ubuntu 8.04 hardy
电视卡: 天敏大师3 (该卡使用的是飞利浦SAA7130芯片)
A. 将电视卡装在空闲PCI槽内，重启系统。
用以下指令查一下系统有没有识别到card和tuner信息，一般系统都会指定一个值：
（SAA7130是视频采集芯片， tuner就是我们常说的高频头，将RF射频电视信号变为中频）
dmesg | grep "tuner"
dmesg | grep "card"
lspci | grep "saa713"
ls /dev/video0 (这个就是电视卡的设备文件，没有的话就是系统没识别出来，那就得查下你的电视卡芯片是不是不被kernel支持)

B. 安装播放软件:
sudo apt-get install tvtime （mplayer也可以用来播放电视，详细命令后面会提一下，xawtv也行，并且它提供了不少工具，
http://linux.bytesex.org/xawtv/
）
如果你的更新源找不到建议在google上用"Ubuntu hardy "这样格式的关键字查找debian包直接安装
安装tvtime包会提示，第一项选PAL，第二项选China BoardCast
运行tvtime如果看到菜单第一项为Manage Channel，那么至少系统已识别到你的卡芯片了，如果无声音或有图象或搜台的问题，那就继续看下去
tvtime播放电视：Manage Channel-->Reset All Channel to Active-->scanchannel forsignal，然后用左右上下可以换台和调音量了（当然SAA7130芯片不支持音频解码，它将音频直接输出，你可以连到耳机或有源音箱上，也可以 用线连上电脑的声卡输入上）

C. 当然系统指定的值不一定准确，那么就需要手动修改 了：
sudo rmmod saa7134_alsa
sudo rmmod saa7134

附上card值和tuner值列表，当然你应该从当前kernel的版本号来查找目前支持的信息，如果你装过文档的话就是在这里：/usr/src /linux-xxx.xx/Documentation/video4linux，如果有sourcecode的话就去了解一下这里：/driver /media/video/saa7134/saa7134-cards.c和：/include/media/tuner.h

CARD值列表
0 -> UNKNOWN/GENERIC
1 -> Proteus Pro [philips reference design] [1131:2001,1131:2001]
2 -> LifeView FlyVIDEO3000 [5168:0138,4e42:0138]
3 -> LifeView/Typhoon FlyVIDEO2000 [5168:0138,4e42:0138]
4 -> EMPRESS [1131:6752]
5 -> SKNet Monster TV [1131:4e85]
6 -> Tevion MD 9717
7 -> KNC One TV-Station RDS / Typhoon TV Tuner RDS [1131:fe01,1894:fe01]
8 -> Terratec Cinergy 400 TV [153b:1142]
9 -> Medion 5044
10 -> Kworld/KuroutoShikou SAA7130-TVPCI
11 -> Terratec Cinergy 600 TV [153b:1143]
12 -> Medion 7134 [16be:0003]
13 -> Typhoon TV Radio 90031
14 -> ELSA EX-VISION 300TV [1048:226b]
15 -> ELSA EX-VISION 500TV [1048:226a]
16 -> ASUS TV-FM 7134 [1043:4842,1043:4830,1043:4840]
17 -> AOPEN VA1000 POWER [1131:7133]
18 -> BMK MPEX No Tuner
19 -> Compro VideoMate TV [185b:c100]
20 -> Matrox CronosPlus [102B:48d0]
21 -> 10MOONS PCI TV CAPTURE CARD [1131:2001]
22 -> AverMedia M156 / Medion 2819 [1461:a70b]
23 -> BMK MPEX Tuner
24 -> KNC One TV-Station DVR [1894:a006]
25 -> ASUS TV-FM 7133 [1043:4843]
26 -> Pinnacle PCTV Stereo (saa7134) [11bd:002b]
27 -> Manli MuchTV M-TV002/Behold TV 403 FM
28 -> Manli MuchTV M-TV001/Behold TV 401
29 -> Nagase Sangyo TransGear 3000TV [1461:050c]
30 -> Elitegroup ECS TVP3XP FM1216 Tuner Card(PAL-BG,FM) [1019:4cb4]
31 -> Elitegroup ECS TVP3XP FM1236 Tuner Card (NTSC,FM) [1019:4cb5]
32 -> AVACS SmartTV
33 -> AVerMedia DVD EZMaker [1461:10ff]
34 -> Noval Prime TV 7133
35 -> AverMedia AverTV Studio 305 [1461:2115]
36 -> UPMOST PURPLE TV [12ab:0800]
37 -> Items MuchTV Plus / IT-005
38 -> Terratec Cinergy 200 TV [153b:1152]
39 -> LifeView FlyTV Platinum Mini [5168:0212,4e42:0212]
40 -> Compro VideoMate TV PVR/FM [185b:c100]
41 -> Compro VideoMate TV Gold  [185b:c100]
42 -> Sabrent SBT-TVFM (saa7130)
43 -> :Zolid Xpert TV7134
44 -> Empire PCI TV-Radio LE
45 -> Avermedia AVerTV Studio 307 [1461:9715]
46 -> AVerMedia Cardbus TV/Radio (E500) [1461:d6ee]
47 -> Terratec Cinergy 400 mobile [153b:1162]
48 -> Terratec Cinergy 600 TV MK3 [153b:1158]
49 -> Compro VideoMate Gold  Pal [185b:c200]
50 -> Pinnacle PCTV 300i DVB-T   PAL [11bd:002d]
51 -> ProVideo PV952 [1540:9524]
52 -> AverMedia AverTV/305 [1461:2108]
53 -> ASUS TV-FM 7135 [1043:4845]
54 -> LifeView FlyTV Platinum FM / Gold [5168:0214,1489:0214,5168:0304]
55 -> LifeView FlyDVB-T DUO [5168:0306]
56 -> Avermedia AVerTV 307 [1461:a70a]
57 -> Avermedia AVerTV GO 007 FM [1461:f31f]
58 -> ADS Tech Instant TV (saa7135) [1421:0350,1421:0351,1421:0370,1421:1370]
59 -> Kworld/Tevion V-Stream Xpert TV PVR7134
60 -> LifeView/Typhoon/Genius FlyDVB-T Duo Cardbus [5168:0502,4e42:0502,1489:0502]
61 -> Philips TOUGH DVB-T reference design [1131:2004]
62 -> Compro VideoMate TV Gold II
63 -> Kworld Xpert TV PVR7134
64 -> FlyTV mini Asus Digimatrix [1043:0210]
65 -> V-Stream Studio TV Terminator
66 -> Yuan TUN-900 (saa7135)
67 -> Beholder BeholdTV 409 FM [0000:4091]
68 -> GoTView 7135 PCI [5456:7135]
69 -> Philips EUROPA V3 reference design [1131:2004]
70 -> Compro Videomate DVB-T300 [185b:c900]
71 -> Compro Videomate DVB-T200 [185b:c901]
72 -> RTD Embedded Technologies VFG7350 [1435:7350]
73 -> RTD Embedded Technologies VFG7330 [1435:7330]
74 -> LifeView FlyTV Platinum Mini2 [14c0:1212]
75 -> AVerMedia AVerTVHD MCE A180 [1461:1044]
76 -> SKNet MonsterTV Mobile [1131:4ee9]
77 -> Pinnacle PCTV 40i/50i/110i (saa7133) [11bd:002e]
78 -> ASUSTeK P7131 Dual [1043:4862,1043:4876]
79 -> Sedna/MuchTV PC TV Cardbus TV/Radio (ITO25 Rev:2B)
80 -> ASUS Digimatrix TV [1043:0210]
81 -> Philips Tiger reference design [1131:2018]
82 -> MSI
[email=TV@Anywhere]TV@Anywhere[/email]
plus [1462:6231]
83 -> Terratec Cinergy 250 PCI TV [153b:1160]
84 -> LifeView FlyDVB Trio [5168:0319]
85 -> AverTV DVB-T 777 [1461:2c05,1461:2c05]
86 -> LifeView FlyDVB-T / Genius VideoWonder DVB-T [5168:0301,1489:0301]
87 -> ADS Instant TV Duo Cardbus PTV331 [0331:1421]
88 -> Tevion/KWorld DVB-T 220RF [17de:7201]
89 -> ELSA EX-VISION 700TV [1048:226c]
90 -> Kworld ATSC110 [17de:7350]
91 -> AVerMedia A169 B [1461:7360]
92 -> AVerMedia A169 B1 [1461:6360]
93 -> Medion 7134 Bridge #2 [16be:0005]
94 -> LifeView FlyDVB-T Hybrid Cardbus [5168:3306,5168:3502]
95 -> LifeView FlyVIDEO3000 (NTSC) [5169:0138]
96 -> Medion Md8800 Quadro [16be:0007,16be:0008]
97 -> LifeView FlyDVB-S /Acorp TV134DS [5168:0300,4e42:0300]
98 -> Proteus Pro 2309 [0919:2003]
99 -> AVerMedia TV Hybrid A16AR [1461:2c00]
100 -> Asus Europa2 OEM [1043:4860]
101 -> Pinnacle PCTV 310i [11bd:002f]
102 -> Avermedia AVerTV Studio 507 [1461:9715]
103 -> Compro Videomate DVB-T200A
104 -> Hauppauge WinTV-HVR1110 DVB-T/Hybrid [0070:6701]
105 -> Terratec Cinergy HT PCMCIA [153b:1172]
106 -> Encore ENLTV [1131:2342,1131:2341,3016:2344]
107 -> Encore ENLTV-FM [1131:230f]
108 -> Terratec Cinergy HT PCI [153b:1175]
tuner值列表
tuner=0 - Temic PAL (4002 FH5)
tuner=1 - Philips PAL_I (FI1246 and compatibles)
tuner=2 - Philips NTSC (FI1236,FM1236 and compatibles)
tuner=3 - Philips (SECAM PAL_BG) (FI1216MF, FM1216MF, FR1216MF)
tuner=4 - NoTuner
tuner=5 - Philips PAL_BG (FI1216 and compatibles)
tuner=6 - Temic NTSC (4032 FY5)
tuner=7 - Temic PAL_I (4062 FY5)
tuner=8 - Temic NTSC (4036 FY5)
tuner=9 - Alps HSBH1
tuner=10 - Alps TSBE1
tuner=11 - Alps TSBB5
tuner=12 - Alps TSBE5
tuner=13 - Alps TSBC5
tuner=14 - Temic PAL_BG (4006FH5)
tuner=15 - Alps TSCH6
tuner=16 - Temic PAL_DK (4016 FY5)
tuner=17 - Philips NTSC_M (MK2)
tuner=18 - Temic PAL_I (4066 FY5)
tuner=19 - Temic PAL* auto (4006 FN5)
tuner=20 - Temic PAL_BG (4009 FR5) or PAL_I (4069 FR5)
tuner=21 - Temic NTSC (4039 FR5)
tuner=22 - Temic PAL/SECAM multi (4046 FM5)
tuner=23 - Philips PAL_DK (FI1256 and compatibles)
tuner=24 - Philips PAL/SECAM multi (FQ1216ME)
tuner=25 - LG PAL_I FM (TAPC-I001D)
tuner=26 - LG PAL_I (TAPC-I701D)
tuner=27 - LG NTSC FM (TPI8NSR01F)
tuner=28 - LG PAL_BG FM (TPI8PSB01D)
tuner=29 - LG PAL_BG (TPI8PSB11D)
tuner=30 - Temic PAL* auto   FM (4009 FN5)
tuner=31 - SHARP NTSC_JP (2U5JF5540)
tuner=32 - Samsung PAL TCPM9091PD27
tuner=33 - MT20xx universal
tuner=34 - Temic PAL_BG (4106 FH5)
tuner=35 - Temic PAL_DK/SECAM_L (4012 FY5)
tuner=36 - Temic NTSC (4136 FY5)
tuner=37 - LG PAL (newer TAPC series)
tuner=38 - Philips PAL/SECAM multi (FM1216ME MK3)
tuner=39 - LG NTSC (newer TAPC series)
tuner=40 - HITACHI V7-J180AT
tuner=41 - Philips PAL_MK (FI1216 MK)
tuner=42 - Philips 1236D ATSC/NTSC daul in
tuner=43 - Philips NTSC MK3 (FM1236MK3 or FM1236/F)
tuner=44 - Philips 4 in 1 (ATI TV Wonder Pro/Conexant)
tuner=45 - Microtune 4049 FM5
tuner=46 - Panasonic VP27s/ENGE4324D
tuner=47 - LG NTSC (TAPE series)
tuner=48 - Tenna TNF 8831 BGFF)
tuner=49 - Microtune 4042 FI5 ATSC/NTSC dual in
tuner=50 - TCL 2002N
tuner=51 - Philips PAL/SECAM_D (FM 1256 I-H3)
tuner=52 - Thomson DDT 7610 (ATSC/NTSC)
tuner=53 - Philips FQ1286
tuner=54 - tda8290 75
tuner=55 - TCL 2002MB
tuner=56 - Philips PAL/SECAM multi (FQ1216AME MK4)
tuner=57 - Philips FQ1236A MK4
tuner=58 - Ymec TVision TVF-8531MF/8831MF/8731MF
tuner=59 - Ymec TVision TVF-5533MF
tuner=60 - Thomson DDT 7611 (ATSC/NTSC)
tuner=61 - Tena TNF9533-D/IF/TNF9533-B/DF
tuner=62 - Philips TEA5767HN FM Radio
tuner=63 - Philips FMD1216ME MK3 Hybrid Tuner
tuner=64 - LG TDVS-H062F/TUA6034
tuner=65 - Ymec TVF66T5-B/DFF
tuner=66 - LG NTSC (TALN mini series)
tuner=67 - Philips TD1316 Hybrid Tuner
tuner=68 - Philips TUV1236D ATSC/NTSC dual in
tuner=69 - Tena TNF 5335 MF

D. 找你对应的card和tuner值然后再来试：
modprobe saa7134 card=21 tuner=37
modprobe saa7134_alsa
多试几次以找到兼容你的电视卡达到最好的效果

E. 保存电视卡驱动的启动参数（如果一开启你的系统能 够正确识别就不用手工指定了）
sudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base打开文件，把install saa7134/sbin/modprobe --ignore-install saa7134 $CMDLINE_OPTS && {/sbin/modprobe -Qb saa7134-alsa ; : ; }
类似这一行中的$CMDLINE_OPTS改为card=x tuner=y，x,y值就是你找到合用的那个。
以后重启就不用再重新加载模块了

附：
1. 如果你的tvtime不能保存频道，请给这个目录加权限：sudo chmod 777 -R ~/.tvtime/
2. 修改此文件能保证退出tvtime时会将电视卡静音 /etc/tvtime/tvtime.xml
   
3. mplayer播放
   mpalyer -vo x11 tv://10   (指定播放第10频道，很多参数可以是默认的)
   参数多些的指令类似：mplayer tv://"insert channel" -tv driver=v4l2:device=/dev/video0:chanlist=europe-west:alsa:/
adevice=hw.1,0:amode=1:audiorate=32000:forceaudio:volume=100:immediatemode=0:norm=PAL
4. 无声问题的解决（kernel支持卡不完善的结果）
  sudo apt-get install mercurial
  hg clone
http://linuxtv.org/hg/v4l-dvb
  修改v4l-dvb/linux/drivers/media/video/saa7134/saa7134-cards.c
　　找到类似[SAA7134_BOARD_10MOONSTVMASTER]一节（看你是什么卡）,主要是某个GPIO可能有变化，导致原来的驱动代码 无法控制声音，修改为:
　　[SAA7134_BOARD_XXXXXXXX]={
/*"catinsnow"*/
.name="10MOONSPCITVCAPTURECARD",
.tuner_type=TUNER_LG_PAL_NEW_TAPC,
.radio_type=UNSET,
.tuner_addr=ADDR_UNSET,
.radio_addr=ADDR_UNSET,
.gpiomask=0x7000,
.inputs={{
.name=name_tv,
.vmux=1,
.amux=LINE2,
.gpio=0x0000,
.tv=1,
},{
.name=name_comp1,
.vmux=3,
.amux=LINE1,
.gpio=0x2000,
},{
.name=name_svideo,
.vmux=0,
.amux=LINE1,
.gpio=0x2000,
}},
.mute={
.name=name_mute,
.amux=LINE2,
.gpio=0x3000, （这是天敏大师4的声音GPIO，这要具体看卡的设置来修改）
},
},
　　然后编译,安装.
　　sudo make
　　sudo make install
　　重启
5. 如果对电视卡驱动感兴趣的朋友可关注以下网站：
http://linuxtv.org
http://www.linuxdvb.tv
http://tomoyo.sourceforge.jp/cgi-bin/lxr/source/drivers/media
下的dvb和video源码
看这两个目录而知，其实目前2.6.xx的kernel已经支持了很多芯片
建议 hg clone
http://linuxtv.org/hg/v4l-dvb
下载后看下源代码