docker的常用命令(三)
2024-05-15 00:01:29
docker的常用命令
帮助命令
docker version # 显示docker版本信息
docker info # 显示docker的系统，包含镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help # 帮助命令
帮助文档的地址:https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/cli/
镜像命令
docker image 查看所有本地的主机上的所有镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest d1165f221234 4 months ago 13.3kB
centos latest 300e315adb2f 7 months ago 209MB
# 解释
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源
TAG 镜像标签(版本信息)
IMAGE ID 镜像ID
CREATED 镜像的创建时间
SIZE 镜像的大小
# 可选项
docker images -a # 列出所有的镜像
docker images -q # 列出所有镜像的ID号
[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 11299 [OK]
# 可选项 通过收藏来过滤
--filter=STARS=3000 # 搜索出来的镜像就是STARS大于3000的
# 命令格式例子：
docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
``docker pull 下载镜像
```shell
# 下载镜像docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest # 如果不写tag，默认下载latest(最新的)
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
e1acddbe380c: Pull complete # 分层下载：docker image的核心 联合文件系统
bed879327370: Pull complete
03285f80bafd: Pull complete
ccc17412a00a: Pull complete
1f556ecc09d1: Pull complete
adc5528e468d: Pull complete
1afc286d5d53: Pull complete
6c724a59adff: Pull complete
0f2345f8b0a3: Pull complete
c8461a25b23b: Pull complete
3adb49279bed: Pull complete
77f22cd6c363: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:d45561a65aba6edac77be36e0a53f0c1fba67b951cb728348522b671ad63f926
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 真实地址# 下面两者等价
docker pull mysql
docker.io/library/mysql:latest# 指定版本下载
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
e1acddbe380c: Already exists
bed879327370: Already exists
03285f80bafd: Already exists
ccc17412a00a: Already exists
1f556ecc09d1: Already exists
adc5528e468d: Already exists
1afc286d5d53: Already exists
4d2d9261e3ad: Pull complete
ac609d7b31f8: Pull complete
53ee1339bc3a: Pull complete
b0c0a831a707: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:7cf2e7d7ff876f93c8601406a5aa17484e6623875e64e7acc71432ad8e0a3d7e
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
删除镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f 镜像ID # 删除指定的镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f 镜像ID 镜像ID 镜像ID # 删除多个镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) # 删除全部镜像
容器命令
说明：有了镜像才可以创建容器。
docker pull centos
新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] image
# 参数说明
--name="Name" 容器名字，用于区分容器
-d 后台方式运行
-it 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p 指定容器的端口 -p 8080:9090-p 主机端口：容器端口(常用)-p 容器端口
-P 随机指定端口# 测试，启动并进入容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name=centos01 -it centos /bin/bash
[root@e3a2c98628fb /]# ls # 查看容器内的centos，基础版本，很多命令都是不完善的！
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var# 从容器中退回主机
[root@e3a2c98628fb /]# exit
exit
[root@localhost /]# ls
bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
列出所有运行中的容器
# docker ps 命令# 列出当前正在运行的容器
-a # 列出当前正在运行的容器加上历史运行过的容器
-n=？ #显示最近创建的容器
-q # 只显示容器的编号(ID)
[root@localhost /]# docker ps # 列出当前正在运行的容器
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@localhost /]# docker ps -a # 列出当前正在运行的容器加上历史运行过的容器
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e3a2c98628fb centos "/bin/bash" 3 minutes ago Exited (0) About a minute ago centos01
[root@localhost /]# docker ps -aq #只显示容器的编号
e3a2c98628fb
34d9616e7b27
94567d54cc11
退出容器
exit # 直接停止容器并退出
ctrl+P+Q # 容器不停止退出(后台运行)
删除容器
docker rm 容器id # 删除指定的容器，不能删除正在运行的容器，如果要删除需要加-f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm # 删除所有的容器
启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id # 启动容器
docker restart 容器id # 重启容器
docker stop 容器id # 停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id # 强制停止当前容器
其他命令
# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名!
[root@localhost /]# docker run -d centos # 以后台启动
42fa2b497a793e20400ca7a1a1ede8af5c047bfa9044cd88f5d6650b2c59c681
# 问题docker ps，发现centos停止了
[root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES# 常见的坑，docker 容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止。
# nginx，容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，就是没有程序了。
查看日志命令
docker logs -f -t --tail number 容器id
[root@localhost ~]# docker logs -f -t --tail 10 0a6de1359a00
# 显示日志
-tf # 显示日志
--tail number # 显示日志跳数
查看容器中进程信息
# docker top 容器id
[root@localhost ~]# docker top 0a6de1359a00
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 4364 4344 0 23:21 ? 00:00:00 /bin/bash -c while true;do echo
查看镜像的元数据
# docker inspect 容器id# 测试
[root@localhost /]# docker inspect 0a6de1359a00
[{"Id": "0a6de1359a006b0c46524dd11681033a57ce4030e7c8a790fe5cf68a00fe2157","Created": "2021-08-19T03:21:25.70153708Z","Path": "/bin/bash","Args": ["-c","while true;do echo xiao;sleep 1;done"],"State": {"Status": "running","Running": true,"Paused": false,"Restarting": false,"OOMKilled": false,"Dead": false,"Pid": 4364,"ExitCode": 0,"Error": "","StartedAt": "2021-08-19T03:21:26.461057357Z","FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"},"Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55","ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/0a6de1359a006b0c46524dd11681033a57ce4030e7c8a790fe5cf68a00fe2157/resolv.conf","HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/0a6de1359a006b0c46524dd11681033a57ce4030e7c8a790fe5cf68a00fe2157/hostname","HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/0a6de1359a006b0c46524dd11681033a57ce4030e7c8a790fe5cf68a00fe2157/hosts","LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/0a6de1359a006b0c46524dd11681033a57ce4030e7c8a790fe5cf68a00fe2157/0a6de1359a006b0c46524dd11681033a57ce4030e7c8a790fe5cf68a00fe2157-json.log","Name": "/strange_banach","RestartCount": 0,"Driver": "devicemapper","Platform": "linux","MountLabel": "","ProcessLabel": "","AppArmorProfile": "","ExecIDs": null,"HostConfig": {"Binds": null,"ContainerIDFile": "","LogConfig": {"Type": "json-file","Config": {}},"NetworkMode": "default","PortBindings": {},"RestartPolicy": {"Name": "no","MaximumRetryCount": 0},"AutoRemove": false,"VolumeDriver": "","VolumesFrom": null,"CapAdd": null,"CapDrop": null,"CgroupnsMode": "host","Dns": [],"DnsOptions": [],"DnsSearch": [],"ExtraHosts": null,"GroupAdd": null,"IpcMode": "private","Cgroup": "","Links": null,"OomScoreAdj": 0,"PidMode": "","Privileged": false,"PublishAllPorts": false,"ReadonlyRootfs": false,"SecurityOpt": null,"UTSMode": "","UsernsMode": "","ShmSize": 67108864,"Runtime": "runc","ConsoleSize": [0,0],"Isolation": "","CpuShares": 0,"Memory": 0,"NanoCpus": 0,"CgroupParent": "","BlkioWeight": 0,"BlkioWeightDevice": [],"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,"CpuPeriod": 0,"CpuQuota": 0,"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,"CpusetCpus": "","CpusetMems": "","Devices": [],"DeviceCgroupRules": null,"DeviceRequests": null,"KernelMemory": 0,"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,"MemoryReservation": 0,"MemorySwap": 0,"MemorySwappiness": null,"OomKillDisable": false,"PidsLimit": null,"Ulimits": null,"CpuCount": 0,"CpuPercent": 0,"IOMaximumIOps": 0,"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,"MaskedPaths": ["/proc/asound","/proc/acpi","/proc/kcore","/proc/keys","/proc/latency_stats","/proc/timer_list","/proc/timer_stats","/proc/sched_debug","/proc/scsi","/sys/firmware"],"ReadonlyPaths": ["/proc/bus","/proc/fs","/proc/irq","/proc/sys","/proc/sysrq-trigger"]},"GraphDriver": {"Data": {"DeviceId": "75","DeviceName": "docker-253:0-134330004-89b326d7c1244b2ca08cc0bd3395e5ae137cfdc1557aecd790597568a94dc698","DeviceSize": "10737418240"},"Name": "devicemapper"},"Mounts": [],"Config": {"Hostname": "0a6de1359a00","Domainname": "","User": "","AttachStdin": false,"AttachStdout": false,"AttachStderr": false,"Tty": false,"OpenStdin": false,"StdinOnce": false,"Env": ["PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"],"Cmd": ["/bin/bash","-c","while true;do echo xiao;sleep 1;done"],"Image": "centos","Volumes": null,"WorkingDir": "","Entrypoint": null,"OnBuild": null,"Labels": {"org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204","org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2","org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image","org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0","org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"}},"NetworkSettings": {"Bridge": "","SandboxID": "fa50f49edd70d19e406564606f74a22a5a7fc786dfb441427c925327eaab52c5","HairpinMode": false,"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "","LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"Ports": {},"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/fa50f49edd70","SecondaryIPAddresses": null,"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,"EndpointID": "32a32807c8259f5610fde30dec2889cae8451761f5fdfe323d18f64df567a33c","Gateway": "172.17.0.1","GlobalIPv6Address": "","GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"IPAddress": "172.17.0.3","IPPrefixLen": 16,"IPv6Gateway": "","MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03","Networks": {"bridge": {"IPAMConfig": null,"Links": null,"Aliases": null,"NetworkID": "5c4027be5f90d3adffed81a50ebebc7b555335d16411db4a36718d978ace5c70","EndpointID": "32a32807c8259f5610fde30dec2889cae8451761f5fdfe323d18f64df567a33c","Gateway": "172.17.0.1","IPAddress": "172.17.0.3","IPPrefixLen": 16,"IPv6Gateway": "","GlobalIPv6Address": "","GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03","DriverOpts": null}}}}
]
[root@localhost /]#
进入当前运行的容器
# 我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器，修改一些配置# 命令一
docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash
# 测试
[root@localhost /]# docker exec -it 0a6de1359a00 /bin/bash
[root@0a6de1359a00 /]# ls
bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var
dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr
[root@0a6de1359a00 /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 03:21 ? 00:00:00 /bin/bash -c while true;do echo xiao;sleep 1
root 576 0 0 03:30 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 595 1 0 03:31 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=
root 596 576 0 03:31 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef# 命令二
docker attach 容器id
# 测试
[root@localhost /]# docker attach 0a6de1359a00docker exec # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作(常用)
docker attach # 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的终端。
从容器内拷贝文件到主机上
# 命令
docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的路径
# 测试
[root@localhost home]# docker cp 0a6de1359a00:/home/test.python /home
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