问题1：pytest 运行脚本报错:UnicodeDecodeError: ‘gbk’ codec can’t decode byte 0xa9 in position 70

setting中设置utf-8后，重启下console窗口就好了

问题2：日期控件如何定位？

直接使用 self.type() ,输入对应格式的开始日期和结束日期v

@pytest.mark.smoke@allure.title("用例标题")def test_006(self):self.login()self.type(页面1.审核时间_开始日期, "2021-11-01")self.type(页面1.审核时间_结束日期, "2021-11-30")self.click(页面1.审核时间)self.click(页面1.搜索)time.sleep(2)  # 等待搜索后界面刷新完成self.assert_in("2021-11", self.get_text(页面1.表格_审核时间))

问题3：如何单机多个元素？

for i in range(1, 20):self.click("selector")

问题4：如何参数化用例？

示例1：unittest版本from parameterized import parameterized
from seleniumbase import BaseCaseclass GoogleTests(BaseCase):@parameterized.expand([["PyPI", "pypi.org", 'img[alt="PyPI"]'],["Wikipedia", "www.wikipedia.org", "img.central-featured-logo"],["SeleniumBase GitHub.com", "SeleniumBase", 'img[title*="Sele"]'],])def test_parameterized_google_search(self, search_key, expected_text, img):self.open("https://google.com/ncr")self.type('input[title="Search"]', search_key + "\n")self.assert_element("#result-stats")self.assert_text(expected_text, "#search")self.click('a:contains("%s")' % expected_text)self.assert_element(img)if "SeleniumBase" in search_key:self.click('img[alt="SeleniumBase.io Docs"]')self.assert_element('[title="SeleniumBase Docs"]')self.click('a:contains("Features List")')self.assert_text("Features List", "h1")示例2：pytest版本
import pytest@pytest.mark.parametrize('value', ["pytest", "selenium"])
def test_sb_fixture_with_no_class(sb, value):sb.open("https://google.com/ncr")sb.update_text('input[title="Search"]', value + '\n')sb.assert_text(value, "div#center_col")class Test_SB_Fixture():@pytest.mark.parametrize('value', ["pytest", "selenium"])def test_sb_fixture_inside_class(self, sb, value):sb.open("https://google.com/ncr")sb.update_text('input[title="Search"]', value + '\n')sb.assert_text(value, "div#center_col")

问题5：xpath中的contain方法

self.click('//a[contains(text(),"Button")]')

问题6：关于conftest.py

默认情况下，conftest被禁用，因为它可能会覆盖定义SeleniumBase固定装置的pytest插件，
但如果您知道其中，可以您从您的SeleniumBase克隆转到https://github.com/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase/blob/master/ pytest.ini的本地版本，并删除显示–ignore conftest.py。

问题7：将一个用例执行多次

import pytest
from parameterized import parameterized
from seleniumbase import BaseCaseclass RepeatTests(BaseCase):@parameterized.expand([[]] * 2)def test_repeat_this_test_with_parameterized(self):self.open("https://seleniumbase.io")self.click('a[href="help_docs/method_summary/"]')self.assert_text("API Reference", "h1")@pytest.mark.parametrize("", [[]] * 2)
def test_repeat_this_test_with_pytest_parametrize(sb):sb.open("https://seleniumbase.io")sb.click('a[href="seleniumbase/console_scripts/ReadMe/"]')sb.assert_text("Console Scripts", "h1")class RepeatTestsWithPytest():@pytest.mark.parametrize("", [[]] * 2)def test_repeat_test_with_pytest_parametrize(self, sb):sb.open("https://seleniumbase.io")sb.click('a[href="help_docs/customizing_test_runs/"]')sb.assert_text("Command Line Options", "h1")

问题8：print() 方法没打印出来？

a = self.get_text(‘css selector’)
print(a)
pytest.ini 文件包括“–capture=no”，它将控制台输出打印到屏幕上。否则，在使用 pytest 运行时，您可能需要添加“-s”作为参数

问题9：assert_in()断言失败？报错：E AssertionError: ‘6206’ not found in ‘18866660001’

因为没有加2秒的等待，直接就定位了，定位到的元素肯定与内容不匹配

问题10：当测试步骤超过10个时候，存在定位失败的问题？

应该增大最大显性等待时间 timeout=30，另外，也可以在该元素定位前等待1秒 delay=1@pytest.mark.smoke@allure.title("输入国家、省州、城市、状态、申请时间、审核时间、关键字，点击搜索，搜索到指定数据")def test_008(self):self.login()self.click(页面1.下拉框_国家, timeout=30, delay=1)self.click(页面1.中国)self.click(页面1.下拉框_省州, timeout=30, delay=1)self.click(页面1.陕西)self.click(页面1.下拉框_城市, timeout=30, delay=1)self.click(页面1.西安)self.click(页面1.下拉框_状态, timeout=30, delay=1)self.click(页面1.状态_选了国省城市后的正常, timeout=30, delay=1)self.type(页面1.申请时间_开始日期, "2021-01-01")self.type(页面1.申请时间_结束日期, "2021-11-30")self.type(页面1.审核时间_开始日期, "2021-01-01")self.type(页面1.审核时间_结束日期, "2021-11-30")self.click(页面1.搜索, timeout=30, delay=1)self.sleep(2)self.assert_text_visible("西安", 页面1.表格_城市)

问题11：如何使用 if 处理操作步骤的异常场景

@pytest.mark.smoke@allure.title("用例标题")def test_013(self):self.login()self.click(页面1.xxx)self.click(页面1.xxx)if not self.is_selected(页面1.xxx):self.assert_false(self.is_selected(页面1.xxx))self.click(页面1.xxx)self.assert_element_not_visible(页面1.xxx)else:self.assert_true(self.is_selected(页面1.xxx))self.type(页面1.xxx, "99")self.click(页面1.xxx)self.assert_element_not_visible(页面1.xxx)self.sleep(4)self.assert_element_not_visible(页面1.xxxx)

问题12：如何验证导出的excel能打开，内容正确？

断言excel 文件名正确
断言excel sheet页名正确
断言excel 文件列名正确
断言excel 第三行数据的订单号跟界面获取的一致

import pandas as pd
from .page_objects import 页面1
import datetime@pytest.mark.smoke@allure.title("导出excel表格数据，导出成功")def test_order_002(self):self.进入界面()self.click(页面1.搜索)self.sleep(1)搜索后界面的订单号 = self.get_text(页面1.第三行数据的订单编号)self.click(页面1.导出页面1数据)self.sleep(1)# self.assert_element(页面1.导出成功提示语)# self.assert_text("导出数据", 页面1.导出成功提示语)# self.assert_text_visible("导出数据", 页面1.导出成功提示语)# self.assert_exact_text("导出数据成功", 页面1.导出成功提示语)# self.assert_in("成功", self.get_text(页面1.导出成功提示语))# self.assert_equal("导出数据成功", self.get_text(页面1.导出成功提示语))# self.assert_true(self.get_text(页面1.导出成功提示语))self.assert_element_visible(页面1.导出成功提示语)self.sleep(4)self.assert_element_not_visible(页面1.导出成功提示语)# 断言excel 文件名正确file = f"页面1_{str(datetime.datetime.now()).split(' ')[0]}.xlsx"self.assert_downloaded_file(file, timeout=3)sheet_name = list(pd.read_excel(f"./downloaded_files/{file}", sheet_name=None, engine="openpyxl").keys())[0]# 断言excel sheet页名正确self.assert_equal("远程连接", sheet_name)表格数据 = pd.read_excel(f"./downloaded_files/{file}", sheet_name=0)# 断言excel 文件列名正确self.assert_equal([i for i in 表格数据.keys()], 页面1.导出表格的所有列名)# 断言excel 第三行数据的订单号跟界面获取的一致self.assert_equal(搜索后界面的订单号, str(表格数据.values[2][0]))

问题13：如何界面的数据不是你想的，怎么处理？如何对操作步骤的异常做处理？if做判断

@pytest.mark.smoke@allure.title("用例标题")def test_016(self):self.login()if self.get_text(页面1.表格_冻结或启用) == "冻结":self.click(页面1.表格_冻结或启用)self.click(页面1.冻结_确定)self.sleep(4)  # 等提示语消失，否则后面断言会失败self.click(页面1.表格_冻结或启用)self.assert_element_visible(页面1.启用_确定启用该专家)

问题14：如何处理ie弹框问题？self.ad_block()

    def login(self):# 国内self.open('https://baidu.com')# 最大化窗口self.maximize_window()#  阻止弹框，比如ie浏览器self.ad_block()

问题15：如何加密账号和密码？

sbase encrypt 将密码转换为暗码
sbase decrypt 将密码转换为明码

from seleniumbase import BaseCase
from seleniumbase import encryptionclass DecryptionTests(BaseCase):def test_decrypt_password(self):self.open("https://www.saucedemo.com")password = encryption.decrypt("$^*ENCRYPT=S3BDTAdCWzMmKEY8Gjg=?&#$")self.type("#password", password)self.click('input[type="submit"]')self.assert_element("#inventory_container")self.assert_element('div:contains("Sauce Labs Backpack")')

问题16：如何使用token登陆界面？

    def login(self):# （1）使用token实现免密登陆self.open("https://baidu.com/")self.execute_script('localStorage.setItem("token", "这里是token值");')self.sleep(3)self.refresh_page()self.sleep(3)

问题17：ImportError: attempted relative import with no known parent package？

根因：排查下是不是误删了上下目录的 init.py 的文件

问题18：如何验证html文件？

import pytest
from seleniumbase import BaseCase@pytest.mark.offline  # Can be run with: "pytest -m offline"
class OfflineTests(BaseCase):def test_load_html_string(self):html = "<h2>Hello</h2><p><input />&nbsp;&nbsp;<button>OK!</button></p>"self.load_html_string(html)  # Open "data:text/html," then replace htmlself.assert_text("Hello", "h2")self.assert_text("OK!", "button")self.type("input", "Goodbye")self.click("button")new_html = '<h3>Checkbox</h3><p><input type="checkbox" />Check Me!</p>'self.set_content(new_html)  # Same as load_html_string(), but keeps URLself.assert_text("Checkbox", "h3")self.assert_text("Check Me!", "p")self.assert_false(self.is_selected("input"))self.click("input")self.assert_true(self.is_selected("input"))import os
import pytest
from seleniumbase import BaseCase@pytest.mark.offline  # Can be run with: "pytest -m offline"
class OfflineTests(BaseCase):def test_demo_page(self):# Load a local html file into the web browserdir_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))file_path = dir_path + "/demo_page.html"self.load_html_file(file_path)# Assert the title of the current web pageself.assert_title("Web Testing Page")# Assert that the element is visible on the pageself.assert_element("tbody#tbodyId")# Assert that the text appears within a given elementself.assert_text("Demo Page", "h1")# Type/update text in text fields on the pageself.type("#myTextInput", "This is Automated")self.type("textarea.area1", "Testing Time!\n")self.type('[name="preText2"]', "Typing Text!")# Verify that a hover dropdown link changes page textself.assert_text("Automation Practice", "h3")self.hover_and_click("#myDropdown", "#dropOption2")self.assert_text("Link Two Selected", "h3")# Verify that a button click changes text on the pageself.assert_text("This Text is Green", "#pText")self.click("#myButton")self.assert_text("This Text is Purple", "#pText")# Assert that the given SVG is visible on the pageself.assert_element('svg[name="svgName"]')# Verify that a slider control updates a progress barself.assert_element('progress[value="50"]')self.press_right_arrow("#myslider", times=5)self.assert_element('progress[value="100"]')# Verify that a "select" option updates a meter barself.assert_element('meter[value="0.25"]')self.select_option_by_text("#mySelect", "Set to 75%")self.assert_element('meter[value="0.75"]')# Assert an element located inside an iFrameself.assert_false(self.is_element_visible("img"))self.switch_to_frame("#myFrame1")self.assert_true(self.is_element_visible("img"))self.switch_to_default_content()# Assert text located inside an iFrameself.assert_false(self.is_text_visible("iFrame Text"))self.switch_to_frame("#myFrame2")self.assert_true(self.is_text_visible("iFrame Text"))self.switch_to_default_content()# Verify that clicking a radio button selects itself.assert_false(self.is_selected("#radioButton2"))self.click("#radioButton2")self.assert_true(self.is_selected("#radioButton2"))# Verify that clicking a checkbox makes it selectedself.assert_false(self.is_selected("#checkBox1"))self.click("#checkBox1")self.assert_true(self.is_selected("#checkBox1"))# Verify clicking on multiple elements with one callself.assert_false(self.is_selected("#checkBox2"))self.assert_false(self.is_selected("#checkBox3"))self.assert_false(self.is_selected("#checkBox4"))self.click_visible_elements("input.checkBoxClassB")self.assert_true(self.is_selected("#checkBox2"))self.assert_true(self.is_selected("#checkBox3"))self.assert_true(self.is_selected("#checkBox4"))# Verify that clicking an iFrame checkbox selects itself.assert_false(self.is_element_visible(".fBox"))self.switch_to_frame("#myFrame3")self.assert_true(self.is_element_visible(".fBox"))self.assert_false(self.is_selected(".fBox"))self.click(".fBox")self.assert_true(self.is_selected(".fBox"))self.switch_to_default_content()# Assert link text - Use click_link() to clickself.assert_link_text("seleniumbase.com")self.assert_link_text("SeleniumBase on GitHub")self.assert_link_text("seleniumbase.io")self.assert_link_text("SeleniumBase Demo Page")# Assert exact textself.assert_exact_text("Demo Page", "h1")# Highlight a page element (also assert visibility)self.highlight("h2")

问题19：参数化运行指定用例，报错：找不到文件

解决办法：运行py文件，参数化是ok的：pytest demo_parameterized001.py

pytest demo_parameterized001.py::ExpertManage::test_parameterized_001 报错：

运行指定用例报错：ERROR: not found:demo_parameterized001.py::ExpertManage::test_paramet
erized_001
(no name demo_parameterized001.py::ExpertManage::test_parameterized_001’ in any of [<Moduledemo_parameterized001.py>])

问题19：如何用脚本创建培训PPT？

示例1：presenter/core_presentation.py

from seleniumbase import BaseCaseclass PresentationWithChart(BaseCase):def test_seleniumbase_chart(self):self.create_presentation(theme="league", transition="slide")self.create_pie_chart(title="The 4 core areas of SeleniumBase:")self.add_data_point("Basic API (test methods)", 1)self.add_data_point("Command-line options (pytest options)", 1)self.add_data_point("The Console Scripts interface", 1)self.add_data_point("Advanced API (Tours, Charts, & Presentations)", 1)self.add_slide("<p>SeleniumBase core areas</p>" + self.extract_chart())self.add_slide("<p>Basic API (test methods). Example test:</p>",code=("from seleniumbase import BaseCase\n\n""class MyTestClass(BaseCase):\n\n""    def test_basics(self):\n"'        self.open("https://store.xkcd.com/search")\n''        self.type(\'input[name="q"]\', "xkcd book\\n")\n''        self.assert_text("xkcd book", "div.results")\n''        self.open("https://xkcd.com/353/")\n'"        self.click('a[rel=\"license\"]')\n""        self.go_back()\n"'        self.click_link("About")\n''        self.click_link("comic #249")\n'"        self.assert_element('img[alt*=\"Chess\"]')\n"),)self.add_slide("<p>Command-line options. Examples:</p>",code=("$ pytest my_first_test.py\n""$ pytest test_swag_labs.py --mobile\n""$ pytest edge_test.py --browser=edge\n""$ pytest basic_test.py --headless\n""$ pytest my_first_test.py --demo --guest\n""$ pytest basic_test.py --slow\n""$ pytest -v -m marker2 --headless --save-screenshot\n""$ pytest parameterized_test.py --reuse-session\n""$ pytest test_suite.py --html=report.html --rs\n""$ pytest test_suite.py --dashboard --html=report.html\n""$ pytest github_test.py --demo --disable-csp\n""$ pytest test_suite.py -n=2 --rs --crumbs\n""$ pytest basic_test.py --incognito\n"),)self.add_slide("<p>The Console Scripts interface. Examples:</p>",code=("$ sbase install chromedriver\n""$ sbase install chromedriver latest\n""$ sbase mkdir new_test_folder\n""$ sbase mkfile new_test.py\n""$ sbase print basic_test.py -n\n""$ sbase translate basic_test.py -p --chinese -n\n""$ sbase translate basic_test.py -p --japanese\n""$ sbase translate basic_test.py -c --russian\n""$ sbase download server\n""$ sbase grid-hub start\n"'$ sbase grid-node start --hub="127.0.0.1"\n'"$ sbase grid-node stop\n""$ sbase grid-hub stop\n""$ sbase options\n"),)self.add_slide('<p>Advanced API. "Presenter" example:</p>',code=("from seleniumbase import BaseCase\n\n""class MyPresenterClass(BaseCase):\n\n""    def test_presenter(self):\n"'        self.create_presentation(theme="serif")\n''        self.add_slide("Welcome to Presenter!")\n'"        self.add_slide(\n"'            "Add code to slides:",\n'"            code=(\n"'                "from seleniumbase import BaseCase\\n\\n"\n''                "class MyPresenterClass(BaseCase):\\n\\n"\n''                "    def test_presenter(self):\\n"\n''                "        self.create_presentation()\\n"))\n'"        self.begin_presentation(\n"'            filename="demo.html", show_notes=True)'),)self.add_slide("<p><b>The End</b></p>",image="https://seleniumbase.io/cdn/img/sb_logo_g.png",)self.begin_presentation(filename="core_presentation.html")

示例2：presenter/my_presentation.py

from seleniumbase import BaseCaseclass MyPresenterClass(BaseCase):def test_presenter(self):self.create_presentation(theme="serif", transition="none")self.add_slide("<h1>Welcome</h1><br />\n" "<h3>Press the <b>Right Arrow</b></h3>")self.add_slide("<h3>SeleniumBase Presenter</h3><br />\n"'<img width="240" src="https://seleniumbase.io/img/logo3a.png" />''<span style="margin:144px;" />''<img src="https://seleniumbase.io/other/python_3d_logo.png" />'"<br /><br />\n<h4>Create presentations with <b>Python</b></h4>")self.add_slide("<h3>Make slides using <b>HTML</b>:</h3><br />\n"'<table style="padding:10px;border:4px solid black;font-size:50;">''\n<tr style="">\n'"<th>Row ABC</th><th>Row XYZ</th></tr>\n"'<tr style="">'"<td>Value ONE</td><td>Value TWO</td></tr>\n"'<tr style="">\n'"<td>Value THREE</td><td>Value FOUR</td></tr>\n""</table><br />\n<h4>(HTML <b>table</b> example)</h4>")self.add_slide("<h3>Keyboard Shortcuts:</h3>\n"'<table style="padding:10px;border:4px solid black;font-size:30;''">\n'"<tr><th>Key</th><th>Action</th></tr>\n""<tr><td><b>=></b></td><td>Next Slide (N also works)</td></tr>\n""<tr><td><b><=</b></td><td>Previous Slide (P also works)</td></tr>""\n<tr><td>F</td><td>Full Screen Mode</td></tr>\n""<tr><td>O</td><td>Overview Mode Toggle</td></tr>\n""<tr><td>esc</td><td>Exit Full Screen / Overview Mode</td></tr>\n""<tr><td><b>.</b></td><td>Pause/Resume Toggle</td></tr>\n""<tr><td>space</td><td>Next Slide (alternative)</td></tr></table>")self.add_slide("<h3>Add <b>images</b> to slides:</h3>",image="https://seleniumbase.io/other/seagulls.jpg",)self.add_slide("<h3>Add <b>code</b> to slides:</h3>",code=("from seleniumbase import BaseCase\n\n""class MyTestClass(BaseCase):\n\n""    def test_basics(self):\n"'        self.open("https://store.xkcd.com/search")\n''        self.type(\'input[name="q"]\', "xkcd book\\n")\n''        self.assert_text("xkcd: volume 0", "h3")\n''        self.open("https://xkcd.com/353/")\n''        self.assert_title("xkcd: Python")\n'"        self.assert_element('img[alt=\"Python\"]')\n""        self.click('a[rel=\"license\"]')\n"'        self.assert_text("free to copy and reuse")\n'"        self.go_back()\n"'        self.click_link("About")\n''        self.assert_exact_text("xkcd.com", "h2")'),)self.add_slide("<h3>Highlight <b>code</b> in slides:</h3>",code=("from seleniumbase import BaseCase\n\n""<mark>class MyTestClass(BaseCase):</mark>\n\n""    def test_basics(self):\n"'        self.open("https://store.xkcd.com/search")\n''        self.type(\'input[name="q"]\', "xkcd book\\n")\n''        self.assert_text("xkcd: volume 0", "h3")'),)self.add_slide("<h3>Add <b>iFrames</b> to slides:</h3>",iframe="https://seleniumbase.io/demo_page",)self.add_slide("<h3>Getting started is <b>easy</b>:</h3>",code=("from seleniumbase import BaseCase\n\n""class MyPresenterClass(BaseCase):\n\n""    def test_presenter(self):\n"'        self.create_presentation(theme="serif")\n''        self.add_slide("Welcome to Presenter!")\n'"        self.add_slide(\n"'            "Add code to slides:",\n'"            code=(\n"'                "from seleniumbase import BaseCase\\n\\n"\n''                "class MyPresenterClass(BaseCase):\\n\\n"\n''                "    def test_presenter(self):\\n"\n''                "        self.create_presentation()\\n"))\n'"        self.begin_presentation(\n"'            filename="demo.html", show_notes=True)'),)self.add_slide("<h3>Include <b>notes</b> with slides:</h3><br />",code=('self.add_slide("[Your HTML goes here]",\n''               code="[Your software code goes here]",\n''               content2="[Additional HTML goes here]",\n''               notes="[Attached speaker notes go here]"\n''                     "[Note A! -- Note B! -- Note C! ]")'),notes="<h2><ul><li>Note A!<li>Note B!<li>Note C!<li>Note D!</h2>",content2="<h4>(Notes can include HTML tags)</h4>",)self.add_slide("<h3>Multiple <b>themes</b> available:</h3>",code=('self.create_presentation(theme="serif")\n\n''self.create_presentation(theme="sky")\n\n''self.create_presentation(theme="simple")\n\n''self.create_presentation(theme="white")\n\n''self.create_presentation(theme="moon")\n\n''self.create_presentation(theme="black")\n\n''self.create_presentation(theme="night")\n\n''self.create_presentation(theme="beige")\n\n''self.create_presentation(theme="league")'),)self.add_slide("<h2><b>The End</b></h2>",image="https://seleniumbase.io/img/sb_logo_10.png",)self.begin_presentation(filename="presenter.html", show_notes=True, interval=0)

示例2：prexenter/py_virtual_envs.py

from seleniumbase import BaseCaseclass PythonVirtualEnvs(BaseCase):def test_py_virtual_envs(self):self.create_presentation(theme="serif", transition="slide")self.add_slide("<h2>Python Virtual Environments:</h2><br />\n""<h2>What, Why, and How</h2><hr /><br />\n""<h3>Presented by <b>Michael Mintz</b></h3>\n""<p>Granite State Code Camp - Sat, Nov 14, 2020</p>")self.add_slide("<p><b>About me:</b></p>\n""<ul>""<li>I created the <b>SeleniumBase</b> framework.</li>""<li>I'm currently the DevOps Lead at <b>iboss</b>.</li>""</ul>\n",image="https://seleniumbase.io/other/iboss_booth.png",)self.add_slide("<p><b>Topics & tools covered by this presentation:</b></p>""<hr /><br />\n""<ul>""<li>Overview of Virtual Environments</li>""<li>Python package management</li>"'<li>Python 3 "venv"</li>'"<li>virtualenv / virtualenvwrapper</li>"'<li>pip / "pip install"</li>'"<li>requirements.txt files</li>""<li>setup.py files</li>""</ul>")self.add_slide("<p><b>Topics & tools that are NOT covered here:</b></p><hr />\n""<br /><div><ul>"'<li>"conda"</li>''<li>"pipenv"</li>''<li>"poetry"</li>''<li>"pipx"</li>'"</ul></div><br />""<p>(Other Python package management tools)</p>")self.add_slide("<p><b>What is a Python virtual environment?</b></p><hr /><br />\n""<p>A Python virtual environment is a partitioned directory"" where a Python interpreter, libraries/packages, and scripts"" can be installed and isolated from those installed in other"" virtual environments or the global environment.</p>")self.add_slide("<p><b>Why should we use Python virtual environments?</b>""</p><hr /><br />\n""<p>We should use Python virtual environments because different"" Python projects can have conflicting Python dependencies that"" cannot coexist in the same env.</p>")self.add_slide("<p><b>Why? - continued</b></p><hr /><br />\n""<p>Example: Project A and Project B both depend on"" different versions of the same Python library!</p>""<p>Therefore, installing the second project requirements"" would overwrite the first one, causing it to break.</p>",code=("# Project A requirement:\n""urllib3==1.25.3\n\n""# Project B requirement:\n""urllib3==1.26.2"),)self.add_slide("<p><b>Why? - continued</b></p><hr /><br />\n""<p>It is also possible that Project A and Project B"" require different versions of Python installed!</p>",code=("# Project A requirement:\n""Python-3.8\n\n""# Project B requirement:\n""Python-2.7"),)self.add_slide("<p><b>How do we create and use Python virtual envs?</b>""</p><hr /><br />\n""<div><b>There are tools/scripts we can use:</b></div><br />""<ul>"'<li>The Python 3 "venv" command</li>'"<li>virtualenv / virtualenvwrapper</li>""</ul>")self.add_slide('<p><b>Python 3 "venv"</b></p><hr /><br />\n''"venv" creates virtual environments in the location where run'" (generally with Python projects).",code=("# Mac / Linux\n""python3 -m venv ENV_NAME\n""source ENV_NAME/bin/activate\n\n""# Windows\n""py -m venv ENV_NAME\n""call ENV_NAME\\Scripts\\activate\n\n"'# (Type "deactivate" to leave a virtual environment.)'),)self.add_slide('<p><b>"mkvirtualenv" (from virtualenvwrapper)</b></p><hr />\n''<br />"mkvirtualenv" creates virtual environments in one place'" (generally in your home directory).",code=("# Mac / Linux\n""python3 -m pip install virtualenvwrapper\n""export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs\n""source `which virtualenvwrapper.sh`\n""mkvirtualenv ENV_NAME\n\n""# Windows\n""py -m pip install virtualenvwrapper-win\n""mkvirtualenv ENV_NAME\n\n"'# (Type "deactivate" to leave a virtual environment.)'),)self.add_slide("<p><b>List of commands from virtualenvwrapper</b></p>""<hr /><br />",code=("# Create a virtual environment:\n""mkvirtualenv ENV_NAME\n\n""# Exit your virtual environment:\n""deactivate\n\n""# Re-enter a virtual environment:\n""workon ENV_NAME\n\n""# List all virtual environments:\n""workon\n\n""# Delete a virtual environment:\n""rmvirtualenv ENV_NAME"),)self.add_slide("<p><b>Determining if you are in a virtual env</b></p>""<hr /><br />""<p>When activated, the name of your virtual env"" will appear in parentheses on the left side of your"" command prompt.</p>",code=("# Example of how it may look on a Windows machine:\n""C:\\Users\\Michael\\github> mkvirtualenv my_env\n""(my_env)  C:\\Users\\Michael\\github>"),)self.add_slide('<p><b>Installing packages with "pip install"</b></p><hr /><br />'"<p>Once you have created a Python virtual environment and are"" inside, it is now safe to install packages from PyPI,"" setup.py files, and/or requirements.txt files.</p>\n",code=("# Install a package from PyPI:\n""pip install seleniumbase\n\n""# Install packages from a folder with setup.py:\n""pip install .  # Normal installation\n""pip install -e .  # Editable install\n\n""# Install packages from a requirements.txt file:\n""pip install -r requirements.txt\n"),)self.add_slide('<p><b>Other useful "pip" commands</b></p><hr /><br />',code=("# See which Python packages are installed:\n""pip list\n\n""# See which installed Python packages are outdated:\n""pip list --outdated\n\n""# Create a requirements file from installed packages:\n""pip freeze > my_requirements.txt"),)self.add_slide("<br /><br /><h2><b>Live Demo Time!</b></h2><hr /><br />",image="https://seleniumbase.io/other/python_3d_logo.png",)self.add_slide("<h2><b>The End. Questions?</b></h2><hr /><br />\n""<h3>Where to find me:</h3>""<ul>"'<li><a href="https://github.com/mdmintz">'"github.com/mdmintz</a></li>"'<li><a href="https://github.com/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase">'"github.com/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase</a></li>"'<li><a href="https://seleniumbase.io/">'"seleniumbase.io</a></li>""</ul>")self.begin_presentation(filename="py_virtual_envs.html", show_notes=False, interval=0)

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