golang开发:类库篇(五)go测试工具goconvey的使用

为什么要使用goconvey测试程序

goconvey 集成go test，go test 无缝接入。管理运行测试用例，而且提供了丰富的函数断言、非常友好的WEB界面，直观的查看测试结果。
如果没有goconvey的话，编写一个测试结果，首先运行被测试函数，然后判断被测试函数的运行结果，各种if判断，各种输出提示信息，而且回归测试也比较麻烦。但是如果使用了goconvey这些都就变得无比的简单。
还是看些使用代码比较简单明了。

怎么使用goconvey测试程序

第一步当然是安装goconvey

go get github.com/smartystreets/goconvey

看下被测试的代码

package mainimport "fmt"type Student struct {Num intName stringChinaese intEnglish intMath int
}func NewStudent(num int, name string) (*Student,error) {if num < 1 || len(name) < 1 {return nil,fmt.Errorf("num name empty")}stu := new(Student)stu.Num = numstu.Name = namereturn stu,nil
}func (this *Student) GetAve() (int,error) {score := this.Chinaese + this.English + this.Mathif score == 0 {return 0,fmt.Errorf("score is 0")}return score/3,nil
}

主要看下goconvey的测试代码

package mainimport ("testing". "github.com/smartystreets/goconvey/convey"
)func TestNew(t *testing.T) {Convey("start test new", t, func() {stu,err := NewStudent(0,"")Convey("have error", func() {So(err, ShouldBeError)})Convey("stu is nil", func() {So(stu, ShouldBeNil)})})
}func TestScore(t *testing.T) {stu,_ := NewStudent(1,"test")Convey("if error", t, func() {_,err := stu.GetAve()Convey("have error", func() {So(err, ShouldBeError)})})Convey("normal", t, func() {stu.Math = 60stu.Chinaese = 70stu.English = 80score,err := stu.GetAve()Convey("have error", func() {So(err, ShouldBeError)})Convey("score > 60", func() {So(score, ShouldBeGreaterThan, 60)})})
}

进入到test代码目录，执行 go test

=== RUN   TestNewstart test newhave error ✔stu is nil ✔2 total assertions--- PASS: TestNew (0.00s)
=== RUN   TestScoreif errorhave error ✔3 total assertionsnormalhave error ✘score > 60 ✔Failures:* /data/www/go/src/test/student_test.goLine 35:

其实命令行显示的是有颜色标识的。期望出现的结果都会打上对勾，如果期望出现而没有出现的都会打上叉。
还有更好玩的WEB界面。进入的test代码的目录，然后执行 goconvey 会打开一个WEB界面，更加友好的标识出了测试的结果，测试了多少次，有几个通过，几个失败，一目了然。

其实使用特别简单
引入类库,启动Convey函数，剩下的就是调用So各种断言各种比较

import ("testing". "github.com/smartystreets/goconvey/convey"
)
Convey("desc", t, func() {
So(var, function）
})

基本平常开发中的比较函数基本都有，看下比较的函数列表，看着貌似都涵盖了。

Convey("Equality assertions should be accessible", t, func() {thing1a := thing{a: "asdf"}thing1b := thing{a: "asdf"}thing2 := thing{a: "qwer"}So(1, ShouldEqual, 1)So(1, ShouldNotEqual, 2)So(1, ShouldAlmostEqual, 1.000000000000001)So(1, ShouldNotAlmostEqual, 2, 0.5)So(thing1a, ShouldResemble, thing1b)So(thing1a, ShouldNotResemble, thing2)So(&thing1a, ShouldPointTo, &thing1a)So(&thing1a, ShouldNotPointTo, &thing1b)So(nil, ShouldBeNil)So(1, ShouldNotBeNil)So(true, ShouldBeTrue)So(false, ShouldBeFalse)So(0, ShouldBeZeroValue)So(1, ShouldNotBeZeroValue)})Convey("Numeric comparison assertions should be accessible", t, func() {So(1, ShouldBeGreaterThan, 0)So(1, ShouldBeGreaterThanOrEqualTo, 1)So(1, ShouldBeLessThan, 2)So(1, ShouldBeLessThanOrEqualTo, 1)So(1, ShouldBeBetween, 0, 2)So(1, ShouldNotBeBetween, 2, 4)So(1, ShouldBeBetweenOrEqual, 1, 2)So(1, ShouldNotBeBetweenOrEqual, 2, 4)})Convey("Container assertions should be accessible", t, func() {So([]int{1, 2, 3}, ShouldContain, 2)So([]int{1, 2, 3}, ShouldNotContain, 4)So(map[int]int{1: 1, 2: 2, 3: 3}, ShouldContainKey, 2)So(map[int]int{1: 1, 2: 2, 3: 3}, ShouldNotContainKey, 4)So(1, ShouldBeIn, []int{1, 2, 3})So(4, ShouldNotBeIn, []int{1, 2, 3})So([]int{}, ShouldBeEmpty)So([]int{1}, ShouldNotBeEmpty)So([]int{1, 2}, ShouldHaveLength, 2)})Convey("String assertions should be accessible", t, func() {So("asdf", ShouldStartWith, "a")So("asdf", ShouldNotStartWith, "z")So("asdf", ShouldEndWith, "df")So("asdf", ShouldNotEndWith, "as")So("", ShouldBeBlank)So("asdf", ShouldNotBeBlank)So("asdf", ShouldContainSubstring, "sd")So("asdf", ShouldNotContainSubstring, "af")})Convey("Panic recovery assertions should be accessible", t, func() {So(panics, ShouldPanic)So(func() {}, ShouldNotPanic)So(panics, ShouldPanicWith, "Goofy Gophers!")So(panics, ShouldNotPanicWith, "Guileless Gophers!")})Convey("Type-checking assertions should be accessible", t, func() {// NOTE: Values or pointers may be checked.  If a value is passed,// it will be cast as a pointer to the value to avoid cases where// the struct being tested takes pointer receivers. Go allows values// or pointers to be passed as receivers on methods with a value// receiver, but only pointers on methods with pointer receivers.// See:// http://golang.org/doc/effective_go.html#pointers_vs_values// http://golang.org/doc/effective_go.html#blank_implements// http://blog.golang.org/laws-of-reflectionSo(1, ShouldHaveSameTypeAs, 0)So(1, ShouldNotHaveSameTypeAs, "1")So(bytes.NewBufferString(""), ShouldImplement, (*io.Reader)(nil))So("string", ShouldNotImplement, (*io.Reader)(nil))})Convey("Time assertions should be accessible", t, func() {january1, _ := time.Parse(timeLayout, "2013-01-01 00:00")january2, _ := time.Parse(timeLayout, "2013-01-02 00:00")january3, _ := time.Parse(timeLayout, "2013-01-03 00:00")january4, _ := time.Parse(timeLayout, "2013-01-04 00:00")january5, _ := time.Parse(timeLayout, "2013-01-05 00:00")oneDay, _ := time.ParseDuration("24h0m0s")So(january1, ShouldHappenBefore, january4)So(january1, ShouldHappenOnOrBefore, january1)So(january2, ShouldHappenAfter, january1)So(january2, ShouldHappenOnOrAfter, january2)So(january3, ShouldHappenBetween, january2, january5)So(january3, ShouldHappenOnOrBetween, january3, january5)So(january1, ShouldNotHappenOnOrBetween, january2, january5)So(january2, ShouldHappenWithin, oneDay, january3)So(january5, ShouldNotHappenWithin, oneDay, january1)So([]time.Time{january1, january2}, ShouldBeChronological)})

特别实用的一个测试类库，养成写完代码使用goconvey做测试的好习惯，也顺便覆盖下使用方法和案例，定能让开发事半功倍，减少Bug率。