鸡蛋中营养和脂质含量与降低LDL的食物

下面内容来自[1]

来自[2]的信息:

The effect of egg yolk consumption on the composition of LDL and on the
concentration of HDL subclasses was studied in healthy subjects. Six volunteers
consumed a diet low in cholesterol for 10 days and then daily added 6 egg yolks to
their diet for another 10 days; the experiment was repeated 1 year later with the
same subjects. Egg yolk consumption caused the cholesterol intake to increase by
1600 mg/day, and the fat intake by 7 energy S at the expense of carbohydrates; this
increase was due almost exclusively to monounsaturated fatty acids.
Upon egg yolk feeding the mean level of serum total cholesterol rose by 13%; the
bulk of this rise was due to LDL cholesterol, which increased by 21%. VLDL and
IDL cholesterol decreased by 19 and ll%, and serum total triglycerides by 17%.
Marked relative increases of 35 and 36% were seen in the cholesterol level of the
HDL subfraktions with densities of 1.055-1.075 g/ml (HDL,) and 1.075-1.100
g/ml (HDL,), respectively. The HDL,/LDL cholesterol ratio increased by 16%.

主要内容翻译如下:

蛋黄摄入对低密度脂蛋白组成和胆固醇的影响

对健康受试者的HDL亚类浓度进行了研究。

六名志愿者连续10天食用低胆固醇饮食，然后每天添加6个蛋黄，他们的饮食再维持10天；

实验在1年后重复进行同样的主题。

蛋黄摄入导致胆固醇摄入量增加1600毫克/天，脂肪摄入量增加7个能量单位，以碳水化合物为代价；

这增加几乎完全是由于单不饱和脂肪酸。

蛋黄喂养后，血清总胆固醇平均水平上升13%；这个这主要是由于低密度脂蛋白胆固醇增加了21%。（所以蛋黄多吃不好）

VLDL和IDL胆固醇下降19%和ll%，血清总甘油三酯下降17%。

实验组的HDL胆固醇水平分别显著增加了35%和36%

相关食物可以参考[5]

黄豆、燕麦、鲑鱼、橄榄油、苹果、葡萄柚、茶、大蒜

As previously stated, lutein and zeaxanthin are mainly transported in HDL particles [27,99]. This specific transportation leads to bigger HDL particles, which are considered anti-atherogenic since they can carry more cholesterol from extra hepatic tissues, including foam cells, to the liver in the reverse cholesterol transport [100,101]. However, intervention studies also have shown that up to 22% of total xanthophylls are found in LDL particles [99]. This explains how these xanthophylls can also prevent atherosclerosis via inhibiting LDL oxidation.(叶黄素如何通过抑制LDL氧化来预防动脉粥样硬化。)

In the Los Angeles Atherosclerosis study, a cohort of 269 women and 304 men were randomly selected from a group of employees and assessed for atherosclerosis risk factors at baseline and after 18 months. Researchers found an inverse association between plasma lutein and atherosclerosis in this sample [104]. Further on, they investigated the relationship of plasma antioxidants, including both lutein and zeaxanthin and carotid intima-media Thickness (IMT) using the same sample, and the results showed that an 18 month change in IMT was significantly inversely related to lutein and zeaxanthin [105].

Zou et al. [106] also assessed IMT and plasma carotenoids in The Beijing Atherosclerosis study. This was a case-control study with 125 subjects with early atherosclerosis and 107 controls aged 45–68 years. The researchers measured IMT and arterial stiffness using carotid ultrasonography and measured serum carotenoids with HPLC. In the cases, lutein serum concentration was significantly lower than that of the controls and inversely associated with IMT. On the other hand, zeaxanthin was negatively correlated with right common carotid artery stiffness, but there was no difference in zeaxanthin serum concentration between cases and controls, suggesting that the role of lutein in the prevention of atherosclerosis is clear, but zeaxanthin’s role may need further research [75].

(玉米黄质、叶黄素在动脉硬化中的作用)

玉米黄质对眼睛、肝脏、心脏和皮肤的保护作用。玉米黄质通过预防年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）[64,65,66]，猝灭活性氧物种（ROS）[71]，以及抵御紫外线，对眼睛具有保护作用；在肝脏中，它可以预防非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）、酒精性脂肪肝（AFLD），减少纤维化和脂质过氧化[87]，并减少氧化应激和炎症；在动脉和血液中，玉米黄质可防止LDL氧化[102]，降低动脉硬度[104]，并防止动脉粥样硬化[106]；在皮肤中，玉米黄质可以抵御紫外线[111]，减少炎症[112]，并抑制晒伤[111]

上述内容来自[6]

Reference:

[1]Eggs and Cholesterol

[2]Effect of egg yolk feeding on the concentration and composition of serum lipoproteins in man - PubMed

[3]Europe PMC

[4]Egg yolk, source of bad cholesterol and good lipids? | The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition | Oxford Academic

[5]https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/59a015e38f4730f794886523.html

[6]https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6770730/

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鸡蛋中营养和脂质含量与降低LDL的食物

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