服务器自动管理系统之连接服务器的方式

堡垒机前戏

开发堡垒机之前，先来学习Python的paramiko模块，该模块机遇SSH用于连接远程服务器并执行相关操作

SSHClient

用于连接远程服务器并执行基本命令

基于用户名密码连接：

import paramiko

# 创建SSH对象

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()

# 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机

ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())

# 连接服务器

ssh.connect(hostname='c1.salt.com', port=22, username='wupeiqi', password='123')

# 执行命令

stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')

# 获取命令结果

result = stdout.read()

# 关闭连接

ssh.close()

import paramikotransport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname', 22))
transport.connect(username='wupeiqi', password='123')ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh._transport = transportstdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')
print stdout.read()transport.close()

基于公钥密钥连接：

import paramiko

private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa')

# 创建SSH对象

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()

# 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机

ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())

# 连接服务器

ssh.connect(hostname='c1.salt.com', port=22, username='wupeiqi', pkey=private_key)

# 执行命令

stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')

# 获取命令结果

result = stdout.read()

# 关闭连接

ssh.close()

import paramikoprivate_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa')transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname', 22))
transport.connect(username='wupeiqi', pkey=private_key)ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh._transport = transportstdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')transport.close()

import paramiko
from io import StringIOkey_str = """-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----"""private_key = paramiko.RSAKey(file_obj=StringIO(key_str))
transport = paramiko.Transport(('10.0.1.40', 22))
transport.connect(username='wupeiqi', pkey=private_key)ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh._transport = transportstdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')
result = stdout.read()transport.close()print(result)

SFTPClient

用于连接远程服务器并执行上传下载

基于用户名密码上传下载

import paramiko

transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname',22))

transport.connect(username='wupeiqi',password='123')

sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)

# 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py

sftp.put('/tmp/location.py', '/tmp/test.py')

# 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path

sftp.get('remove_path', 'local_path')

transport.close()

基于公钥密钥上传下载

import paramiko

private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa')

transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname', 22))

transport.connect(username='wupeiqi', pkey=private_key )

sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)

# 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py

sftp.put('/tmp/location.py', '/tmp/test.py')

# 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path

sftp.get('remove_path', 'local_path')

transport.close()

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import paramiko
import uuidclass Haproxy(object):def __init__(self):self.host = '172.16.103.191'self.port = 22self.username = 'wupeiqi'self.pwd = '123'self.__k = Nonedef create_file(self):file_name = str(uuid.uuid4())with open(file_name,'w') as f:f.write('sb')return file_namedef run(self):self.connect()self.upload()self.rename()self.close()def connect(self):transport = paramiko.Transport((self.host,self.port))transport.connect(username=self.username,password=self.pwd)self.__transport = transportdef close(self):self.__transport.close()def upload(self):# 连接，上传file_name = self.create_file()sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(self.__transport)# 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.pysftp.put(file_name, '/home/wupeiqi/tttttttttttt.py')def rename(self):ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()ssh._transport = self.__transport# 执行命令stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('mv /home/wupeiqi/tttttttttttt.py /home/wupeiqi/ooooooooo.py')# 获取命令结果result = stdout.read()ha = Haproxy()
ha.run()

堡垒机的实现

实现思路：

堡垒机执行流程：

管理员为用户在服务器上创建账号（将公钥放置服务器，或者使用用户名密码）
用户登陆堡垒机，输入堡垒机用户名密码，现实当前用户管理的服务器列表
用户选择服务器，并自动登陆
执行操作并同时将用户操作记录

注：配置.brashrc实现ssh登陆后自动执行脚本，如：/usr/bin/python /home/wupeiqi/menu.py

实现过程

步骤一，实现用户登陆

import getpass

user = raw_input('username:')

pwd = getpass.getpass('password')

if user == 'alex' and pwd == '123':

print '登陆成功'

else:

print '登陆失败'

步骤二，根据用户获取相关服务器列表

dic = {

'alex': [

'172.16.103.189',

'c10.puppet.com',

'c11.puppet.com',

],

'eric': [

'c100.puppet.com',

]

}

host_list = dic['alex']

print 'please select:'

for index, item in enumerate(host_list, 1):

print index, item

inp = raw_input('your select (No):')

inp = int(inp)

hostname = host_list[inp-1]

port = 22

步骤三，根据用户名、私钥登陆服务器

tran = paramiko.Transport((hostname, port,))

tran.start_client()

default_path = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.ssh', 'id_rsa')

key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(default_path)

tran.auth_publickey('wupeiqi', key)

# 打开一个通道

chan = tran.open_session()

# 获取一个终端

chan.get_pty()

# 激活器

chan.invoke_shell()

#########

# 利用sys.stdin,肆意妄为执行操作

# 用户在终端输入内容，并将内容发送至远程服务器

# 远程服务器执行命令，并将结果返回

# 用户终端显示内容

#########

chan.close()

tran.close()

while True:# 监视用户输入和服务器返回数据# sys.stdin 处理用户输入# chan 是之前创建的通道，用于接收服务器返回信息readable, writeable, error = select.select([chan, sys.stdin, ],[],[],1)if chan in readable:try:x = chan.recv(1024)if len(x) == 0:print '\r\n*** EOF\r\n',breaksys.stdout.write(x)sys.stdout.flush()except socket.timeout:passif sys.stdin in readable:inp = sys.stdin.readline()chan.sendall(inp)

# 获取原tty属性
oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin)
try:# 为tty设置新属性# 默认当前tty设备属性：#   输入一行回车，执行#   CTRL+C 进程退出，遇到特殊字符，特殊处理。# 这是为原始模式，不认识所有特殊符号# 放置特殊字符应用在当前终端，如此设置，将所有的用户输入均发送到远程服务器
    tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno())chan.settimeout(0.0)while True:# 监视 用户输入 和 远程服务器返回数据（socket）# 阻塞，直到句柄可读r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], [], 1)if chan in r:try:x = chan.recv(1024)if len(x) == 0:print '\r\n*** EOF\r\n',breaksys.stdout.write(x)sys.stdout.flush()except socket.timeout:passif sys.stdin in r:x = sys.stdin.read(1)if len(x) == 0:breakchan.send(x)finally:# 重新设置终端属性termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty)

def windows_shell(chan):import threadingsys.stdout.write("Line-buffered terminal emulation. Press F6 or ^Z to send EOF.\r\n\r\n")def writeall(sock):while True:data = sock.recv(256)if not data:sys.stdout.write('\r\n*** EOF ***\r\n\r\n')sys.stdout.flush()breaksys.stdout.write(data)sys.stdout.flush()writer = threading.Thread(target=writeall, args=(chan,))writer.start()try:while True:d = sys.stdin.read(1)if not d:breakchan.send(d)except EOFError:# user hit ^Z or F6pass

注：密码验证 t.auth_password(username, pw)

详见：paramiko源码demo

数据库操作

Python 操作 Mysql 模块的安装

linux：

yum install MySQL-python

window：

http://files.cnblogs.com/files/wupeiqi/py-mysql-win.zip

SQL基本使用

1、数据库操作

show databases;

use [databasename];

create database [name];

2、数据表操作

show tables;

create table students

(

id int not null auto_increment primary key,

name char(8) not null,

sex char(4) not null,

age tinyint unsigned not null,

tel char(13) null default "-"

);

CREATE TABLE `wb_blog` ( `id` smallint(8) unsigned NOT NULL, `catid` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `title` varchar(80) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `content` text NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`), UNIQUE KEY `catename` (`catid`)
) ;

3、数据操作

insert into students(name,sex,age,tel) values('alex','man',18,'151515151')

delete from students where id =2;

update students set name = 'sb' where id =1;

select * from students

4、其他

主键

外键

左右连接

Python MySQL API

一、插入数据

import MySQLdb

conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')

cur = conn.cursor()

reCount = cur.execute('insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%s,%s)',('alex','usa'))

# reCount = cur.execute('insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%(id)s, %(name)s)',{'id':12345,'name':'wupeiqi'})

conn.commit()

cur.close()

conn.close()

print reCount

import MySQLdbconn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')cur = conn.cursor()li =[('alex','usa'),('sb','usa'),
]
reCount = cur.executemany('insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%s,%s)',li)conn.commit()
cur.close()
conn.close()print reCount

注意：cur.lastrowid

二、删除数据

import MySQLdb

conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')

cur = conn.cursor()

reCount = cur.execute('delete from UserInfo')

conn.commit()

cur.close()

conn.close()

print reCount

三、修改数据

import MySQLdb

conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')

cur = conn.cursor()

reCount = cur.execute('update UserInfo set Name = %s',('alin',))

conn.commit()

cur.close()

conn.close()

print reCount

四、查数据

# ############################## fetchone/fetchmany(num) ##############################

import MySQLdb

conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')

cur = conn.cursor()

reCount = cur.execute('select * from UserInfo')

print cur.fetchone()

cur.scroll(-1,mode='relative')

print cur.fetchone()

cur.scroll(0,mode='absolute')

print cur.fetchone()

cur.close()

conn.close()

print reCount

# ############################## fetchall ##############################

import MySQLdb

conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')

#cur = conn.cursor(cursorclass = MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor)

cur = conn.cursor()

reCount = cur.execute('select Name,Address from UserInfo')

nRet = cur.fetchall()

cur.close()

conn.close()

print reCount

print nRet

for i in nRet:

print i[0],i[1]