折线图

Axes3D.plot(xs,ys,*args,**kwargs)

Argument

Description

xs, ys

x, y coordinates of vertices

zs

z value(s), either one for all points or one for each point.

zdir

Which direction to use as z (‘x', ‘y' or ‘z') when plotting a 2D set.

import matplotlib as mpl

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

mpl.rcParams['legend.fontsize'] = 10

fig = plt.figure()

ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')

theta = np.linspace(-4 * np.pi, 4 * np.pi, 100)

z = np.linspace(-2, 2, 100)

r = z ** 2 + 1

x = r * np.sin(theta)

y = r * np.cos(theta)

ax.plot(x, y, z, label='parametric curve')

ax.legend()

plt.show()

散点图

Axes3D.scatter(xs,ys,zs=0,zdir='z',s=20,c=None,depthshade=True,*args,**kwargs)

Argument

Description

xs, ys

Positions of data points.

zs

Either an array of the same length as xs and ys or a single value to place all points in the same plane. Default is 0.

zdir

Which direction to use as z (‘x', ‘y' or ‘z') when plotting a 2D set.

s

Size in points^2. It is a scalar or an array of the same length as x and y.

c

A color. c can be a single color format string, or a sequence of color specifications of length N, or a sequence of N numbers to be mapped to colors using the cmap and norm specified via kwargs (see below). Note that c should not be a single numeric RGB or RGBA sequence because that is indistinguishable from an array of values to be colormapped. c can be a 2-D array in which the rows are RGB or RGBA, however, including the case of a single row to specify the same color for all points.

depthshade

Whether or not to shade the scatter markers to give the appearance of depth. Default is True.

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

def randrange(n, vmin, vmax):

'''

Helper function to make an array of random numbers having shape (n, )

with each number distributed Uniform(vmin, vmax).

'''

return (vmax - vmin) * np.random.rand(n) + vmin

fig = plt.figure()

ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')

n = 100

# For each set of style and range settings, plot n random points in the box

# defined by x in [23, 32], y in [0, 100], z in [zlow, zhigh].

for c, m, zlow, zhigh in [('r', 'o', -50, -25), ('b', '^', -30, -5)]:

xs = randrange(n, 23, 32)

ys = randrange(n, 0, 100)

zs = randrange(n, zlow, zhigh)

ax.scatter(xs, ys, zs, c=c, marker=m)

ax.set_xlabel('X Label')

ax.set_ylabel('Y Label')

ax.set_zlabel('Z Label')

plt.show()

线框图

Axes3D.plot_wireframe(X,Y,Z,*args,**kwargs)

Argument

Description

X, Y,

Data values as 2D arrays

Z

rstride

Array row stride (step size), defaults to 1

cstride

Array column stride (step size), defaults to 1

rcount

Use at most this many rows, defaults to 50

ccount

Use at most this many columns, defaults to 50

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import axes3d

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig = plt.figure()

ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')

# Grab some test data.

X, Y, Z = axes3d.get_test_data(0.05)

# Plot a basic wireframe.

ax.plot_wireframe(X, Y, Z, rstride=10, cstride=10)

plt.show()

表面图

Axes3D.plot_surface(X,Y,Z,*args,**kwargs)

Argument

Description

X, Y, Z

Data values as 2D arrays

rstride

Array row stride (step size)

cstride

Array column stride (step size)

rcount

Use at most this many rows, defaults to 50

ccount

Use at most this many columns, defaults to 50

color

Color of the surface patches

cmap

A colormap for the surface patches.

facecolors

Face colors for the individual patches

norm

An instance of Normalize to map values to colors

vmin

Minimum value to map

vmax

Maximum value to map

shade

Whether to shade the facecolors

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from matplotlib import cm

from matplotlib.ticker import LinearLocator, FormatStrFormatter

import numpy as np

fig = plt.figure()

ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')

# Make data.

X = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.25)

Y = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.25)

X, Y = np.meshgrid(X, Y)

R = np.sqrt(X ** 2 + Y ** 2)

Z = np.sin(R)

# Plot the surface.

surf = ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, cmap=cm.coolwarm,

linewidth=0, antialiased=False)

# Customize the z axis.

ax.set_zlim(-1.01, 1.01)

ax.zaxis.set_major_locator(LinearLocator(10))

ax.zaxis.set_major_formatter(FormatStrFormatter('%.02f'))

# Add a color bar which maps values to colors.

fig.colorbar(surf, shrink=0.5, aspect=5)

plt.show()

柱状图

Axes3D.bar(left,height,zs=0,zdir='z',*args,**kwargs)

Argument

Description

left

The x coordinates of the left sides of the bars.

height

The height of the bars.

zs

Z coordinate of bars, if one value is specified they will all be placed at the same z.

zdir

Which direction to use as z (‘x', ‘y' or ‘z') when plotting a 2D set.

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

fig = plt.figure()

ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')

for c, z in zip(['r', 'g', 'b', 'y'], [30, 20, 10, 0]):

xs = np.arange(20)

ys = np.random.rand(20)

# You can provide either a single color or an array. To demonstrate this,

# the first bar of each set will be colored cyan.

cs = [c] * len(xs)

cs[0] = 'c'

ax.bar(xs, ys, zs=z, zdir='y', color=cs, alpha=0.8)

ax.set_xlabel('X')

ax.set_ylabel('Y')

ax.set_zlabel('Z')

plt.show()

箭头图

Axes3D.quiver(*args,**kwargs)

Arguments:

X, Y, Z:

The x, y and z coordinates of the arrow locations (default is tail of arrow; see pivot kwarg)

U, V, W:

The x, y and z components of the arrow vectors

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import axes3d

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

fig = plt.figure()

ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')

# Make the grid

x, y, z = np.meshgrid(np.arange(-0.8, 1, 0.2),

np.arange(-0.8, 1, 0.2),

np.arange(-0.8, 1, 0.8))

# Make the direction data for the arrows

u = np.sin(np.pi * x) * np.cos(np.pi * y) * np.cos(np.pi * z)

v = -np.cos(np.pi * x) * np.sin(np.pi * y) * np.cos(np.pi * z)

w = (np.sqrt(2.0 / 3.0) * np.cos(np.pi * x) * np.cos(np.pi * y) *

np.sin(np.pi * z))

ax.quiver(x, y, z, u, v, w, length=0.1, normalize=True)

plt.show()

2D转3D图

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig = plt.figure()

ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')

# Plot a sin curve using the x and y axes.

x = np.linspace(0, 1, 100)

y = np.sin(x * 2 * np.pi) / 2 + 0.5

ax.plot(x, y, zs=0, zdir='z', label='curve in (x,y)')

# Plot scatterplot data (20 2D points per colour) on the x and z axes.

colors = ('r', 'g', 'b', 'k')

x = np.random.sample(20 * len(colors))

y = np.random.sample(20 * len(colors))

labels = np.random.randint(3, size=80)

# By using zdir='y', the y value of these points is fixed to the zs value 0

# and the (x,y) points are plotted on the x and z axes.

ax.scatter(x, y, zs=0, zdir='y', c=labels, label='points in (x,z)')

# Make legend, set axes limits and labels

ax.legend()

ax.set_xlim(0, 1)

ax.set_ylim(0, 1)

ax.set_zlim(0, 1)

ax.set_xlabel('X')

ax.set_ylabel('Y')

ax.set_zlabel('Z')

# Customize the view angle so it's easier to see that the scatter points lie

# on the plane y=0

ax.view_init(elev=20., azim=-35)

plt.show()

文本图

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig = plt.figure()

ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')

# Demo 1: zdir

zdirs = (None, 'x', 'y', 'z', (1, 1, 0), (1, 1, 1))

xs = (1, 4, 4, 9, 4, 1)

ys = (2, 5, 8, 10, 1, 2)

zs = (10, 3, 8, 9, 1, 8)

for zdir, x, y, z in zip(zdirs, xs, ys, zs):

label = '(%d, %d, %d), dir=%s' % (x, y, z, zdir)

ax.text(x, y, z, label, zdir)

# Demo 2: color

ax.text(9, 0, 0, "red", color='red')

# Demo 3: text2D

# Placement 0, 0 would be the bottom left, 1, 1 would be the top right.

ax.text2D(0.05, 0.95, "2D Text", transform=ax.transAxes)

# Tweaking display region and labels

ax.set_xlim(0, 10)

ax.set_ylim(0, 10)

ax.set_zlim(0, 10)

ax.set_xlabel('X axis')

ax.set_ylabel('Y axis')

ax.set_zlabel('Z axis')

plt.show()

3D拼图

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.axes3d import Axes3D, get_test_data

from matplotlib import cm

import numpy as np

# set up a figure twice as wide as it is tall

fig = plt.figure(figsize=plt.figaspect(0.5))

# ===============

# First subplot

# ===============

# set up the axes for the first plot

ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 2, 1, projection='3d')

# plot a 3D surface like in the example mplot3d/surface3d_demo

X = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.25)

Y = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.25)

X, Y = np.meshgrid(X, Y)

R = np.sqrt(X ** 2 + Y ** 2)

Z = np.sin(R)

surf = ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, rstride=1, cstride=1, cmap=cm.coolwarm,

linewidth=0, antialiased=False)

ax.set_zlim(-1.01, 1.01)

fig.colorbar(surf, shrink=0.5, aspect=10)

# ===============

# Second subplot

# ===============

# set up the axes for the second plot

ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 2, 2, projection='3d')

# plot a 3D wireframe like in the example mplot3d/wire3d_demo

X, Y, Z = get_test_data(0.05)

ax.plot_wireframe(X, Y, Z, rstride=10, cstride=10)

plt.show()

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