Qt 软件开发框架（详细版）

该文章用图例+代码方式演示了，一个线上软件基本框架（精简）。开发工具Qt+VS2015

一. 基本要素

这里会用简单的图例和完整代码(这里以Qt代码为例)，说明一个线上软件基本的框架。

一个线上windows软件，一般分为几个大的部分

1 UI模块

负责处理来自业务逻辑层或者其它模块的数据展示

2 网络模块

A http、https请求
B websocket（该文章不做赘述）
封装post或get请求，处理请求返回、超时等

3 业务逻辑模块

这里主要处理的是网络模块返回数据的处理，并把结果通知UI模块

4 中间层

负责关联网络模块和业务逻辑模块

5 独立模块（守护进程、更新模块、日志收集模块…）

该文章不做赘述

这里UI模块并非纯UI，其中也有业务逻辑处理。 UI模块和业务逻辑模块可以做成更低耦合，但是会有降低效率的代价

二. 图例部分

这里用精简代码演示了
1 从用户操作UI（调用UIMainWnd::sendAsk()）
2 发送网络请求（Network::_post(),Network::_get()）
3 到请求结果返回（Network::requestFinished()）
4 对返回数据处理（BusinessLogicManager::onAskAction()）
5 通知UI模块显示（UIMainWnd::on_ask_action()）

三. 代码部分

这里使用精简Qt代码演示

1 配置文件模块

#pragma once
/*********************************************************************
*@file       ConfigDef.h
*@brief      管理枚举enum、定义define、QString...
*@author
*@date
*********************************************************************/
///@ 网路请求消息结构
typedef struct _tagNetMessage
{QString _type;  // 类型int  _flag;     // 标识QString _url;   // 接口UrlQString _method;  // 请求方式QByteArray _byte; // 参数
}NetMessage;// 请求接口
/// @brief 发送聊天消息
#define API_POST_ASK_ACTION "http://www.xxxx.com/tztv/ask_action.php"// 请求类型标识
/// @brief 消息类型(用来在发送和接收网络请求时，区分是哪种消息类型)
namespace RequestType {#define REQUEST_TYPE_ASK_ACTION "ask_action" // 直播间发送文本消息
};

2 UI模块

// 头文件
/*********************************************************************
*@file       UIMainWnd.h
*@brief      交互界面
*@author
*@date
*********************************************************************/
#pragma once
#include <QWidget>class UIMainWnd : public QWidget
{Q_OBJECTpublic:UIMainWnd(QWidget *parent = Q_NULLPTR);~UIMainWnd();private Q_SLOTS:// 文本消息（网络请求返回处理）void on_ask_action(bool, const QString&, int _error_code = 0);private:void initUI();// 发送文本消息（网络请求）void sendText(const QString&_text);
};

// 源文件
UIMainWnd::UIMainWnd(QWidget *parent): QWidget(parent)
{initUI();
}UIMainWnd::~UIMainWnd()
{}void UIMainWnd::initUI()
{connect(BridgeManager::instance().businessIns(), &BusinessLogicManager::sigAskAction, this, &UIDiscuss::on_ask_action);
}/**
* 发送文本消息
*/
void UIMainWnd::sendText(const QString&_text)
{QByteArray data;data.append("channel=" + DataMgr::instance().getLocalUserInfo()._user_group);std::string str = Utils::_urlencode(_text.toStdString());QString msg_param = QString::fromStdString(str);data.append("&message=" + msg_param);data.append("&client_type=client");NetMessage msg;msg._type = REQUEST_TYPE_ASK_ACTION;msg._flag = rt_ask_action;msg._url = API_POST_ASK_ACTION;msg._method = "post";msg._byte = data;BridgeManager::instance().businessIns()->networkRequest(msg);
}// 文本消息
void UIMainWnd::on_ask_action(bool bsuccess, const QString&_content, int _error_code)
{// 处理来自业务逻辑层的消息if (bsuccess){}else{}
}

2 网络模块

分为网络模块和网络管理模块，以及超时处理，cookie处理
1）网络模块和超时处理

/*********************************************************************
*@file       Network.h
*@brief      网络模块封装
*@author
*@date
*********************************************************************/
#pragma once
#include <QObject>
#include <QNetworkAccessManager>
#include <QNetworkReply>class Network : public QObject
{Q_OBJECTpublic:Network(QObject *parent);~Network();void _get(const QUrl& _url);void _post(const QUrl& _url, const QByteArray& _bytes);void _setType(const QString& _type,); // 设置该请求的类型RequestTypevoid _setCookieJar(QNetworkCookieJar *cookieJar); //设置cookieQ_SIGNALS:// 网络模块->通知网络管理层/// 网络请求返回数据void sigReply(const QString &_type_net, const QByteArray &_byte_array);/// 网络请求失败void sigReplyError(const QString &_type_net, const int &_error_code, const QString &_error_string);/// 网络请求超时void sigTimeout(const QString& _type_net);private Q_SLOTS:// 对于网络请求返回的处理一般有三种情况：返回成功，返回失败，请求超时void requestFinished(QNetworkReply* _reply); // 网络请求返回处理（返回成功、返回失败）void on_timeout(); // 超时处理private:QString m_netType = tr(""); // 配置模块中RequestTypeQNetworkRequest m_httpRequest;QNetworkAccessManager m_networkAccessManager;
};// 超时处理
class QReplyTimeout : public QObject
{Q_OBJECTpublic:QReplyTimeout(QNetworkReply *reply, const int timeout);signals:void sigTimeout();private slots:void on_timeout();
};

#include "Network.h"Network::Network(QObject *parent): QObject(parent)
{QMetaObject::Connection connRet = QObject::connect(&m_networkAccessManager, SIGNAL(finished(QNetworkReply*)), this, SLOT(requestFinished(QNetworkReply*)));Q_ASSERT(connRet);
}Network::~Network()
{m_networkAccessManager.disconnect();
}void Network::_setType(const QString& _type)
{m_netType = _type;}void Network::_setCookieJar(QNetworkCookieJar *cookieJar)
{m_networkAccessManager.setCookieJar(cookieJar);
}void Network::_get(const QUrl& _url)
{m_httpRequest.setUrl(_url);QNetworkReply *_reply = m_networkAccessManager.get(m_httpRequest);// 请求超时QReplyTimeout *pTimeout = new QReplyTimeout(_reply, 5000);connect(pTimeout, &QReplyTimeout::sigTimeout, this, &Network::on_timeout);
}void Network::_post(const QUrl& _url, const QByteArray& _bytes)
{QNetworkRequest _request;_request.setUrl(_url);QNetworkReply *_reply = m_networkAccessManager.post(_request, _bytes);// 请求超时QReplyTimeout *pTimeout = new QReplyTimeout(_reply, 5000);connect(pTimeout, &QReplyTimeout::sigTimeout, this, &Network::on_timeout);
}void Network::requestFinished(QNetworkReply* _reply)
{if (_reply->error() == QNetworkReply::NoError){// request successQByteArray _byteArray = _reply->readAll();// 这里是日志，方便在日志文件中查看。关于日志生成的看后续文章QString _str_error = QString("%1 : request_reply_source_data = %2").arg(m_netType).arg(QString(_byteArray));LINFO(L"%s", _str_error.toStdWString().c_str());emit sigReply(m_netType, _byteArray);}else{// request failint _error_code = _reply->error();QString _log_error = QString("%1 : request_reply_network_error_code = %2").arg(m_netType).arg(QString::number(_error_code));LINFO(L"%s", _log_error.toStdWString().c_str());QString _error_str = _reply->errorString();emit sigReplyError(m_netType, _error_code, _error_str);}_reply->deleteLater();
}void Network::on_timeout()
{// request timeoutQNetworkReply* _reply = (QNetworkReply*)sender();int _error_code = _reply->error();QString _log_error = QString("%1 : request_reply_timeout = %2").arg(m_netType).arg(QString::number(_error_code));LINFO(L"%s", _log_error.toStdWString().c_str());emit sigTimeout(m_netType);
}QReplyTimeout::QReplyTimeout(QNetworkReply *reply, const int timeout): QObject(reply)
{Q_ASSERT(reply);if (reply && reply->isRunning()) {  // 启动单次定时器QTimer::singleShot(timeout, this, SLOT(on_timeout()));}
}void QReplyTimeout::on_timeout()
{  // 处理超时QNetworkReply *reply = static_cast<QNetworkReply*>(parent());if (reply->isRunning()) {reply->abort();reply->deleteLater();emit sigTimeout();}
}

2）网络管理模块

#pragma once
/*********************************************************************
*@file       NetWorkManager.h
*@brief      网络管理层(接收来自业务层请求，把请求结果返回业务层，通过中间层关联)
*@author
*@date
*********************************************************************/
#include <QObject>class NetworkManager : public QObject
{Q_OBJECTpublic:NetworkManager(QObject *parent);~NetworkManager();Q_SIGNALS:/// @网络层->业务层（网络层通知业务层）void sigReply(const QString& _type, const QByteArray& _byte_array);void sigReplyError(const QString &_type_net, const int &_error_code, const QString &_error_string);void sigTimeout(const QString& _type_net);public Q_SLOTS:/// @来自业务层的请求void on_net_request_activated(NetMessage &);
};

#include "NetworkManager.h"
#include "Network.h"
#include "NetworkCookie.h"
#include <QNetworkConfiguration>NetworkManager::NetworkManager(QObject *parent): QObject(parent)
{//gu_networkManager->activeConfiguration();
}NetworkManager::~NetworkManager()
{}void NetworkManager::on_net_request_activated(NetMessage &_msg)
{Network *_network = new Network(this);// 通知业务层connect(_network, &Network::sigReply, [this](const QString &_type_net, const QByteArray &_byte_array) {emit sigReply(_type_net, _byte_array);});connect(_network, &Network::sigReplyError, [this](const QString &_type_net, const int &_error_code, const QString &_error_string) {emit sigReplyError(_type_net,  _error_code, _error_string);});connect(_network, &Network::sigTimeout, [this](const QString& _type) {emit sigTimeout(_type);});_network->_setType(_msg._type);_network->_setCookieJar(&NetworkCookie::instance());// 请求方式if (_msg._method == "post"){_network->_post(_msg._url, _msg._byte);}else if (_msg._method == "get"){_network->_get(QUrl(_msg._url));}
}

3）cookie处理

#pragma once
/*********************************************************************
*@file        NetworkCookie.h
*@brief      cookie
*@author
*@date
*********************************************************************/
#include <QObject>
#include <QtNetwork/QNetworkCookie>
#include <QtNetwork/QNetworkCookieJar>class NetworkCookie : public QNetworkCookieJar
{Q_OBJECTpublic:static NetworkCookie& instance();QList<QNetworkCookie> getCookies();void setCookies(const QList<QNetworkCookie>& cookieList);private:NetworkCookie(QObject *parent);~NetworkCookie();
};

#include "NetworkCookie.h"NetworkCookie::NetworkCookie(QObject *parent): QNetworkCookieJar(parent)
{}NetworkCookie::~NetworkCookie()
{}NetworkCookie& NetworkCookie::instance()
{static NetworkCookie _uniqueInstance(Q_NULLPTR);return _uniqueInstance;
}QList<QNetworkCookie> NetworkCookie::getCookies()
{return allCookies();
}void NetworkCookie::setCookies(const QList<QNetworkCookie>& cookieList)
{if (this == NULL)return;this->setAllCookies(cookieList);
}

3 业务逻辑模块

#pragma once
/*********************************************************************
*@file       BusinessLogicManager.h
*@brief      业务逻辑层
*@author
*@date
*********************************************************************/
#include <QObject>
#include <map>
#include <functional>class BusinessLogicManager : public QObject
{Q_OBJECTpublic:explicit BusinessLogicManager(QObject *parent = nullptr);~BusinessLogicManager();void networkRequest(NetMessage&);Q_SIGNALS:/// @ 业务层->网络层（UI层通过业务层发送网络请求）void sigNetworkRequest(NetMessage&);public Q_SLOTS:// 网络请求返回成功消息通知void on_comming_msg(const QString &_type, const QByteArray&);// 网络请求返回失败消息通知void on_comming_error(const QString &_type, const int &_error_code, const QString &_error_string);// 网络请求超时消息通知void on_comming_timeout(const QString &_type);Q_SIGNALS:void sigAskAction(bool, const QString&,  int _error_code = 0);private:/// @发送文本消息void onAskAction(const QString &_type, const QByteArray& _byte_array);
}

#include "BusinessLogicManager.h"
#include "NetWorkLayer\NetworkCookie.h"
BusinessLogicManager::BusinessLogicManager(QObject *parent): QObject(parent)
{
}BusinessLogicManager::~BusinessLogicManager()
{}void BusinessLogicManager::networkRequest(NetMessage&_msg)
{emit sigNetRequest(_msg);
}// 【这里如果请求过多 会出现打来你给ifelse，后续会出关于优化ifelse文章】
void BusinessLogicManager::on_comming_msg(const QString &_type, const QByteArray&_byte)
{if (_type == NET_TYPE_ASK_ACTION){// 网络请求成功onAskAction(_type, _byte_array);}
}void BusinessLogicManager::on_comming_error(const QString &_type, const int &_error_code, const QString &_error_string)
{if (_type == NET_TYPE_ASK_ACTION){// 网络请求错误通知emit sigAskAction(false, tr("网络请求错误通知"));}
}void BusinessLogicManager::on_comming_timeout(const QString &_type)
{if (_type == NET_TYPE_ASK_ACTION){// 超时处理emit sigAskAction(false, tr("超时处理"));}
}/**
* 发送文本消息
*/
void BusinessLogicManager::onAskAction(const QString &_type, const QByteArray& _byte_array)
{// 这里是对网络请求返回的数据进行处理，然后通知UI模块std::string _f = Jsonc::instance().getJsonValueStringByKey(Utils::byteArray2string(_byte_array), "f");QString f = QString::fromStdString(_f);QString _context = tr("回复成功");if (f == "0"){_context = tr("回复成功");emit sigAskAction(true, tr(""));}else if (f == "2"){_context = tr("未登录");emit sigReLogin();}else if (f == "3"){_context = tr("字数大于80");emit sigAskAction(false, tr("字数大于80"));}else if (f == "4"){_context = tr("内容为空");emit sigAskAction(false, tr("内容为空"));}else if (f == "5"){_context = tr("3秒后再发言");emit sigAskAction(false, tr("3秒后再发言"));}else if (f == "6"){_context = tr("您已被禁言");emit sigAskAction(false, tr("您已被禁言"));}else if (f == "7"){_context = tr("未绑定手机号");emit sigAskAction(false, tr("未绑定手机号"));}
}

4 中间层

#pragma once
/*********************************************************************
*@file        BridgeManager.h
*@brief      中间控制层（UI、业务逻辑、网络）
*@author
*@date
*********************************************************************/
#include <QObject>
#include "NetWorkLayer\NetworkManager.h"
#include "BusinessLogicLayer\BusinessLogicManager.h"class BridgeManager : public QObject
{Q_OBJECTpublic:static BridgeManager& instance();// 得到网络层 和 业务逻辑层 实例BusinessLogicManager* businessIns()const;NetworkManager* networkIns()const;private:BridgeManager(QObject *parent);~BridgeManager();private:NetworkManager *m_networkManager = nullptr;BusinessLogicManager *m_businessLogicManager = nullptr;
};

#include "BridgeManager.h"BridgeManager::BridgeManager(QObject *parent): QObject(parent)
{m_businessLogicManager = new BusinessLogicManager(this);m_networkManager = new NetworkManager(this);//这里的实例化得注意了(this 会导致NetWork崩溃)// 业务层->网络层connect(m_businessLogicManager, &BusinessLogicManager::sigNetworkRequest, m_networkManager, &NetworkManager::on_net_request_activated);// 网络层->业务层connect(m_networkManager, &NetworkManager::sigReply, m_businessLogicManager, &BusinessLogicManager::on_comming_msg);connect(m_networkManager, &NetworkManager::sigReplyError, m_businessLogicManager, &BusinessLogicManager::on_comming_error);connect(m_networkManager, &NetworkManager::sigTimeout, m_businessLogicManager, &BusinessLogicManager::on_comming_timeout);
}BridgeManager::~BridgeManager()
{}BridgeManager& BridgeManager::instance()
{static BridgeManager _uniqueInstance(Q_NULLPTR);return _uniqueInstance;
}BusinessLogicManager* BridgeManager::businessIns()const
{return m_businessLogicManager;
}NetworkManager* BridgeManager::networkIns()const
{return m_networkManager;
}