前言：动态权限管理是Android6.0(Build.VERSION_CODES.M = Api23)推出的，提醒用户当前APP所需要的权限，防止滥用。这些权限一般分为三种：(1)普通权限：直接manifest清单文件中写上注册就行了 (2)危险权限：需要动态申请 (3)特殊权限：此处暂不说明。

注意：这里我们就按照原生，和git上比较出名的第三方权限管理工具，EasyPermissions和RxPermissions

一、参考

二、异常

异常：java.lang.SecurityException: getDeviceId: Neither user 10127 nor current process has android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE.

解释：走到方法getDeviceId这里异常，缺失权限：READ_PHONE_STATE，先检查manifest.xml清单文件里有没有，没有补上，如果有，那么这个权限就得动态获取了。

三、流程

1、第一次询问权限 -》允许权限(再次询问同样权限也不会弹框，已注册)

2、第一次询问权限-》拒绝权限-》再次询问权限-》允许权限(再次询问同样权限也不会弹框，已注册)

3、第一次询问权限-》拒绝权限-》再次询问权限-》不再询问(再次询问同样权限也不会有弹框，直接拒绝)

--------------------几张图片说明--------------------

first_request.png

not_first_request.png

not_first_request_and_not_ask_again.png

四、实例

1、原生，比较长且繁琐，先理解下

/**

* 测试：原生动态权限管理

* */

private void testOrgPermission(){

//判断当前系统是否高于或等于6.0

if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {

//已注册权限

if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(instance, Manifest.permission.CAMERA) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {

//todo something

LogUtil.i("testOrgPermission() : this camera permission is granted");

}

//未注册权限，申请权限

else {

// v4向下兼容：询问权限(这里可以一个，也可以多个)

// 拒绝权限后再次询问

LogUtil.i("testOrgPermission() : this camera premission is denied , " +

"ready to request this permission");

ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(instance,

new String[]{Manifest.permission.CAMERA},

REQUEST_PERMISSION_CAMERA_CODE);

}

}

//当前系统小于6.0，无需动态申请权限

else {

//todo something

}

}

/**

* 询问权限的回调函数

* */

@Override

public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {

super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);

switch (requestCode){

case REQUEST_PERMISSION_CAMERA_CODE:

int cameraResult = grantResults[0];//相机权限

boolean cameraGranted = cameraResult == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;//拍照权限

//注册权限

if (cameraGranted) {

LogUtil.i("onRequestPermissionsResult() : "+permissions[0]+

" request granted , to do something...");

//todo something

}

//拒绝注册权限

else {

//无权限，且被选择"不再提醒"：提醒客户到APP应用设置中打开权限

if(!ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(instance,Manifest.permission.CAMERA)){

LogUtil.e("onRequestPermissionsResult() : this "+permissions[0]+" is denied " +

"and never ask again");

ToastUtil.showShort(instance,"拒绝权限，不再弹出询问框，请前往APP应用设置中打开此权限");

//todo nothing

}

//无权限，只是单纯被拒绝

else{

LogUtil.e("onRequestPermissionsResult() : "+permissions[0]+"request denied");

ToastUtil.showShort(instance,"拒绝权限，等待下次询问哦");

//todo request permission again

}

}

break;

default:break;

}

}

2、EasyPermissions：挺简洁的

//build中依赖easypermissions

dependencies {

implementation 'pub.devrel:easypermissions:1.1.2'

}

#notice:这里要实现回调接口 Activity implements EasyPermissions.PermissionCallbacks

/**

* 测试：EasyPermission

* https://github.com/googlesamples/easypermissions

* */

private void testEasyPermission(){

String[] perms = {Manifest.permission.CAMERA};

if (EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(this, perms)) {

//todo something

LogUtil.i("testEasyPermission() : this camera permission is granted");

} else {

LogUtil.i("testEasyPermission() : this camera premission is denied , " +

"ready to request this permission");

EasyPermissions.requestPermissions(this, "你TM开相机权限啊！！",

REQUEST_PERMISSION_CAMERA_CODE, perms);

}

//自定义询问框内容部分，可试试看

// EasyPermissions.requestPermissions(

// new PermissionRequest.Builder(this, RC_CAMERA_AND_LOCATION, perms)

// .setRationale(R.string.camera_and_location_rationale)

// .setPositiveButtonText(R.string.rationale_ask_ok)

// .setNegativeButtonText(R.string.rationale_ask_cancel)

// .setTheme(R.style.my_fancy_style)

// .build());

}

@Override

public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {

super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);

// Forward results to EasyPermissions

EasyPermissions.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults, this);

}

@Override

public void onPermissionsGranted(int requestCode, @NonNull List perms) {

//省略switch requestCode

LogUtil.i("EasyPermission CallBack onPermissionsGranted() : "+perms.get(0)+

" request granted , to do something...");

//todo somthing

}

@Override

public void onPermissionsDenied(int requestCode, @NonNull List perms) {

//省略switch requestCode

//无权限，且被选择"不再提醒"：提醒客户到APP应用设置中打开权限

if (!ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(instance, Manifest.permission.CAMERA)) {

LogUtil.e("EasyPermission CallBack onPermissionsDenied() : this " + perms.get(0) + " is denied " +

"and never ask again");

ToastUtil.showShort(instance, "拒绝权限，不再弹出询问框，请前往APP应用设置中打开此权限");

//todo nothing

}

//无权限，只是单纯被拒绝

else {

LogUtil.e("EasyPermission CallBack onPermissionsDenied() : " + perms.get(0) + "request denied");

ToastUtil.showShort(instance, "拒绝权限，等待下次询问哦");

//todo request permission again

}

}

3、RxPermissions：个人觉得更简洁，最好在activity的onCreate()中使用哦

//build中依赖rxjava,rxandroid和rxpermissions

dependencies {

compile 'io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxandroid:2.0.1'

compile 'io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxjava:2.0.1'

compile 'com.tbruyelle.rxpermissions2:rxpermissions:0.9.5@aar'

}

/**

* 测试：RxPermission

* https://github.com/tbruyelle/RxPermissions

* */

private void testRxPermission(){

RxPermissions rxPermissions = new RxPermissions(this); // where this is an Activity instance

rxPermissions

.requestEach(

Manifest.permission.CAMERA)

.subscribe(new Consumer() {

@Override

public void accept(Permission permission) throws Exception {

if (permission.granted) {

LogUtil.i("testRxPermission CallBack onPermissionsGranted() : "+permission.name+

" request granted , to do something...");

//todo somthing

}

else if (permission.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale) {

LogUtil.e("testRxPermission CallBack onPermissionsDenied() : " + permission.name + "request denied");

ToastUtil.showShort(instance, "拒绝权限，等待下次询问哦");

//todo request permission again

}

else {

LogUtil.e("testRxPermission CallBack onPermissionsDenied() : this " + permission.name + " is denied " +

"and never ask again");

ToastUtil.showShort(instance, "拒绝权限，不再弹出询问框，请前往APP应用设置中打开此权限");

//todo nothing

}

}

});

}

其他自定义弹出框UI，多个权限询问等