嵌入式软件开发杂谈（4）：Binutils工具集
2024-05-29 08:39:08
文章目录
- 1 addr2line
- 2 nm
- 3 readelf
- 3.1 -h
- 3.2 -l
- 3.3 -S
- 3.4 -t
- 3.5 -s
- 3.6 -n
- 3.7 -d
- 4 size
- 5 objdump
- 6 strings
- 7 strip
在嵌入式开发中，如果我们使用GNU的GCC编译器，那么就会有一个比较重要的工具集binutils，该工具集中的一些工具，比较方便我们开发和调试。
| 指令 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| addr2line | 根据指令地址获取对应的函数、源文件名、行号 |
| nm | 列出程序文件中的符号以及在内存中的地址 |
| readelf | 显示有关ELF二进制文件的信息 |
| size | 查看目标文件中的段大小 |
| objcopy | 将一种对象文件翻译成另外一种 |
| objdump | 查看程序段信息以及反汇编 |
| strings | 查看目标文件中的字符串 |
| strip | 剔除可执行程序中的调试信息 |
| ar | 将目标文件打包成静态库 |
| ld | 链接器 |
| ranlib | 生成文件的索引，加快查找速度 |
1 addr2line
根据地址来获取对应的函数、以及函数所在的源文件和行号。可以在程序异常或崩溃时候，来判断是那个函数引起的。
测试：
#include <stdio.h>int test_func()
{printf("func addr is:%p\n", test_func);}int main()
{test_func();return 0;
}
将上面程序编译，并运行，在编译时候一定要加上-g选项。
# gcc test_binutils.c -o test
# ./test
func addr is:0x400526
打印的地址为0x400526，通过addr2line来获取此地址的信息：
# addr2line 0x400526 -f -e test
test_func
/home/test_demo/test_binutils.c:4
2 nm
列出程序文件中的符号以及符号在内存中的地址。符号包含程序中的函数名以及变量名
以上面生成的test为例：
#nm -n testw __gmon_start__w _ITM_deregisterTMCloneTablew _ITM_registerTMCloneTablew _Jv_RegisterClassesU __libc_start_main@@GLIBC_2.2.5U printf@@GLIBC_2.2.5
00000000004003c8 T _init
0000000000400430 T _start
0000000000400460 t deregister_tm_clones
00000000004004a0 t register_tm_clones
00000000004004e0 t __do_global_dtors_aux
0000000000400500 t frame_dummy
0000000000400526 T test_func
0000000000400541 T main
0000000000400560 T __libc_csu_init
00000000004005d0 T __libc_csu_fini
00000000004005d4 T _fini
00000000004005e0 R _IO_stdin_used
00000000004005f8 r __GNU_EH_FRAME_HDR
0000000000400748 r __FRAME_END__
0000000000600e10 t __frame_dummy_init_array_entry
0000000000600e10 t __init_array_start
0000000000600e18 t __do_global_dtors_aux_fini_array_entry
0000000000600e18 t __init_array_end
0000000000600e20 d __JCR_END__
0000000000600e20 d __JCR_LIST__
0000000000600e28 d _DYNAMIC
0000000000601000 d _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_
0000000000601028 D __data_start
0000000000601028 W data_start
0000000000601030 D __dso_handle
0000000000601038 B __bss_start
0000000000601038 b completed.7594
0000000000601038 D _edata
0000000000601038 D __TMC_END__
0000000000601040 B _end
上面一共有三列，第一列是符号在内存中的地址，比如上面的test_func的地址为0x400526;第二列用于表示符号是放在哪一个段中的；第三列则是符号的名称。
第二部分的信息定义如下：
3 readelf
此指令用于显示读取文件中的ELF信息。
其用法如下：
readelf [option] [file]
file为我们要读取的文件，option为选项，具体如下：
注：上面只展示了部分option信息
下面简单记录下展示的信息，以上面生成的test文件为例。
3.1 -h
3.2 -l
# readelf -l testElf file type is EXEC (Executable file)
Entry point 0x400430
There are 9 program headers, starting at offset 64Program Headers:Type Offset VirtAddr PhysAddrFileSiz MemSiz Flags AlignPHDR 0x0000000000000040 0x0000000000400040 0x00000000004000400x00000000000001f8 0x00000000000001f8 R E 8INTERP 0x0000000000000238 0x0000000000400238 0x00000000004002380x000000000000001c 0x000000000000001c R 1[Requesting program interpreter: /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2]LOAD 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000400000 0x00000000004000000x000000000000074c 0x000000000000074c R E 200000LOAD 0x0000000000000e10 0x0000000000600e10 0x0000000000600e100x0000000000000228 0x0000000000000230 RW 200000DYNAMIC 0x0000000000000e28 0x0000000000600e28 0x0000000000600e280x00000000000001d0 0x00000000000001d0 RW 8NOTE 0x0000000000000254 0x0000000000400254 0x00000000004002540x0000000000000044 0x0000000000000044 R 4GNU_EH_FRAME 0x00000000000005f8 0x00000000004005f8 0x00000000004005f80x000000000000003c 0x000000000000003c R 4GNU_STACK 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000 0x00000000000000000x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000 RW 10GNU_RELRO 0x0000000000000e10 0x0000000000600e10 0x0000000000600e100x00000000000001f0 0x00000000000001f0 R 1Section to Segment mapping:Segment Sections...00 01 .interp 02 .interp .note.ABI-tag .note.gnu.build-id .gnu.hash .dynsym .dynstr .gnu.version .gnu.version_r .rela.dyn .rela.plt .init .plt .plt.got .text .fini .rodata .eh_frame_hdr .eh_frame 03 .init_array .fini_array .jcr .dynamic .got .got.plt .data .bss 04 .dynamic 05 .note.ABI-tag .note.gnu.build-id 06 .eh_frame_hdr 07 08 .init_array .fini_array .jcr .dynamic .got
3.3 -S
# readelf -S test
There are 36 section headers, starting at offset 0x1cf8:Section Headers:[Nr] Name Type Address OffsetSize EntSize Flags Link Info Align[ 0] NULL 0000000000000000 000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000 0 0 0[ 1] .interp PROGBITS 0000000000400238 00000238000000000000001c 0000000000000000 A 0 0 1[ 2] .note.ABI-tag NOTE 0000000000400254 000002540000000000000020 0000000000000000 A 0 0 4[ 3] .note.gnu.build-i NOTE 0000000000400274 000002740000000000000024 0000000000000000 A 0 0 4[ 4] .gnu.hash GNU_HASH 0000000000400298 00000298000000000000001c 0000000000000000 A 5 0 8[ 5] .dynsym DYNSYM 00000000004002b8 000002b80000000000000060 0000000000000018 A 6 1 8[ 6] .dynstr STRTAB 0000000000400318 00000318000000000000003f 0000000000000000 A 0 0 1[ 7] .gnu.version VERSYM 0000000000400358 000003580000000000000008 0000000000000002 A 5 0 2[ 8] .gnu.version_r VERNEED 0000000000400360 000003600000000000000020 0000000000000000 A 6 1 8[ 9] .rela.dyn RELA 0000000000400380 000003800000000000000018 0000000000000018 A 5 0 8[10] .rela.plt RELA 0000000000400398 000003980000000000000030 0000000000000018 AI 5 24 8[11] .init PROGBITS 00000000004003c8 000003c8000000000000001a 0000000000000000 AX 0 0 4[12] .plt PROGBITS 00000000004003f0 000003f00000000000000030 0000000000000010 AX 0 0 16[13] .plt.got PROGBITS 0000000000400420 000004200000000000000008 0000000000000000 AX 0 0 8[14] .text PROGBITS 0000000000400430 0000043000000000000001a2 0000000000000000 AX 0 0 16[15] .fini PROGBITS 00000000004005d4 000005d40000000000000009 0000000000000000 AX 0 0 4[16] .rodata PROGBITS 00000000004005e0 000005e00000000000000015 0000000000000000 A 0 0 4[17] .eh_frame_hdr PROGBITS 00000000004005f8 000005f8000000000000003c 0000000000000000 A 0 0 4[18] .eh_frame PROGBITS 0000000000400638 000006380000000000000114 0000000000000000 A 0 0 8[19] .init_array INIT_ARRAY 0000000000600e10 00000e100000000000000008 0000000000000000 WA 0 0 8[20] .fini_array FINI_ARRAY 0000000000600e18 00000e180000000000000008 0000000000000000 WA 0 0 8[21] .jcr PROGBITS 0000000000600e20 00000e200000000000000008 0000000000000000 WA 0 0 8[22] .dynamic DYNAMIC 0000000000600e28 00000e2800000000000001d0 0000000000000010 WA 6 0 8[23] .got PROGBITS 0000000000600ff8 00000ff80000000000000008 0000000000000008 WA 0 0 8[24] .got.plt PROGBITS 0000000000601000 000010000000000000000028 0000000000000008 WA 0 0 8[25] .data PROGBITS 0000000000601028 000010280000000000000010 0000000000000000 WA 0 0 8[26] .bss NOBITS 0000000000601038 000010380000000000000008 0000000000000000 WA 0 0 1[27] .comment PROGBITS 0000000000000000 000010380000000000000035 0000000000000001 MS 0 0 1[28] .debug_aranges PROGBITS 0000000000000000 0000106d0000000000000030 0000000000000000 0 0 1[29] .debug_info PROGBITS 0000000000000000 0000109d00000000000000ae 0000000000000000 0 0 1[30] .debug_abbrev PROGBITS 0000000000000000 0000114b0000000000000042 0000000000000000 0 0 1[31] .debug_line PROGBITS 0000000000000000 0000118d0000000000000048 0000000000000000 0 0 1[32] .debug_str PROGBITS 0000000000000000 000011d500000000000000ce 0000000000000001 MS 0 0 1[33] .shstrtab STRTAB 0000000000000000 00001ba8000000000000014c 0000000000000000 0 0 1[34] .symtab SYMTAB 0000000000000000 000012a800000000000006d8 0000000000000018 35 52 8[35] .strtab STRTAB 0000000000000000 000019800000000000000228 0000000000000000 0 0 1
Key to Flags:W (write), A (alloc), X (execute), M (merge), S (strings), l (large)I (info), L (link order), G (group), T (TLS), E (exclude), x (unknown)O (extra OS processing required) o (OS specific), p (processor specific)
3.4 -t
# readelf -t test
There are 36 section headers, starting at offset 0x1cf8:Section Headers:[Nr] NameType Address Offset LinkSize EntSize Info AlignFlags[ 0] NULL NULL 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 00000000000000000 0000000000000000 0 0[0000000000000000]: [ 1] .interpPROGBITS PROGBITS 0000000000400238 0000000000000238 0000000000000001c 0000000000000000 0 1[0000000000000002]: ALLOC[ 2] .note.ABI-tagNOTE NOTE 0000000000400254 0000000000000254 00000000000000020 0000000000000000 0 4[0000000000000002]: ALLOC[ 3] .note.gnu.build-idNOTE NOTE 0000000000400274 0000000000000274 00000000000000024 0000000000000000 0 4[0000000000000002]: ALLOC[ 4] .gnu.hashGNU_HASH GNU_HASH 0000000000400298 0000000000000298 5000000000000001c 0000000000000000 0 8[0000000000000002]: ALLOC[ 5] .dynsymDYNSYM DYNSYM 00000000004002b8 00000000000002b8 60000000000000060 0000000000000018 1 8[0000000000000002]: ALLOC[ 6] .dynstrSTRTAB STRTAB 0000000000400318 0000000000000318 0000000000000003f 0000000000000000 0 1[0000000000000002]: ALLOC[ 7] .gnu.versionVERSYM VERSYM 0000000000400358 0000000000000358 50000000000000008 0000000000000002 0 2[0000000000000002]: ALLOC[ 8] .gnu.version_rVERNEED VERNEED 0000000000400360 0000000000000360 60000000000000020 0000000000000000 1 8[0000000000000002]: ALLOC[ 9] .rela.dynRELA RELA 0000000000400380 0000000000000380 50000000000000018 0000000000000018 0 8[0000000000000002]: ALLOC[10] .rela.pltRELA RELA 0000000000400398 0000000000000398 50000000000000030 0000000000000018 24 8[0000000000000042]: ALLOC, INFO LINK[11] .initPROGBITS PROGBITS 00000000004003c8 00000000000003c8 0000000000000001a 0000000000000000 0 4[0000000000000006]: ALLOC, EXEC[12] .pltPROGBITS PROGBITS 00000000004003f0 00000000000003f0 00000000000000030 0000000000000010 0 16[0000000000000006]: ALLOC, EXEC[13] .plt.gotPROGBITS PROGBITS 0000000000400420 0000000000000420 00000000000000008 0000000000000000 0 8[0000000000000006]: ALLOC, EXEC[14] .textPROGBITS PROGBITS 0000000000400430 0000000000000430 000000000000001a2 0000000000000000 0 16[0000000000000006]: ALLOC, EXEC[15] .finiPROGBITS PROGBITS 00000000004005d4 00000000000005d4 00000000000000009 0000000000000000 0 4[0000000000000006]: ALLOC, EXEC[16] .rodataPROGBITS PROGBITS 00000000004005e0 00000000000005e0 00000000000000015 0000000000000000 0 4[0000000000000002]: ALLOC[17] .eh_frame_hdrPROGBITS PROGBITS 00000000004005f8 00000000000005f8 0000000000000003c 0000000000000000 0 4[0000000000000002]: ALLOC[18] .eh_framePROGBITS PROGBITS 0000000000400638 0000000000000638 00000000000000114 0000000000000000 0 8[0000000000000002]: ALLOC[19] .init_arrayINIT_ARRAY INIT_ARRAY 0000000000600e10 0000000000000e10 00000000000000008 0000000000000000 0 8[0000000000000003]: WRITE, ALLOC[20] .fini_arrayFINI_ARRAY FINI_ARRAY 0000000000600e18 0000000000000e18 00000000000000008 0000000000000000 0 8[0000000000000003]: WRITE, ALLOC[21] .jcrPROGBITS PROGBITS 0000000000600e20 0000000000000e20 00000000000000008 0000000000000000 0 8[0000000000000003]: WRITE, ALLOC[22] .dynamicDYNAMIC DYNAMIC 0000000000600e28 0000000000000e28 600000000000001d0 0000000000000010 0 8[0000000000000003]: WRITE, ALLOC[23] .gotPROGBITS PROGBITS 0000000000600ff8 0000000000000ff8 00000000000000008 0000000000000008 0 8[0000000000000003]: WRITE, ALLOC[24] .got.pltPROGBITS PROGBITS 0000000000601000 0000000000001000 00000000000000028 0000000000000008 0 8[0000000000000003]: WRITE, ALLOC[25] .dataPROGBITS PROGBITS 0000000000601028 0000000000001028 00000000000000010 0000000000000000 0 8[0000000000000003]: WRITE, ALLOC[26] .bssNOBITS NOBITS 0000000000601038 0000000000001038 00000000000000008 0000000000000000 0 1[0000000000000003]: WRITE, ALLOC[27] .commentPROGBITS PROGBITS 0000000000000000 0000000000001038 00000000000000035 0000000000000001 0 1[0000000000000030]: MERGE, STRINGS[28] .debug_arangesPROGBITS PROGBITS 0000000000000000 000000000000106d 00000000000000030 0000000000000000 0 1[0000000000000000]: [29] .debug_infoPROGBITS PROGBITS 0000000000000000 000000000000109d 000000000000000ae 0000000000000000 0 1[0000000000000000]: [30] .debug_abbrevPROGBITS PROGBITS 0000000000000000 000000000000114b 00000000000000042 0000000000000000 0 1[0000000000000000]: [31] .debug_linePROGBITS PROGBITS 0000000000000000 000000000000118d 00000000000000048 0000000000000000 0 1[0000000000000000]: [32] .debug_strPROGBITS PROGBITS 0000000000000000 00000000000011d5 000000000000000ce 0000000000000001 0 1[0000000000000030]: MERGE, STRINGS[33] .shstrtabSTRTAB STRTAB 0000000000000000 0000000000001ba8 0000000000000014c 0000000000000000 0 1[0000000000000000]: [34] .symtabSYMTAB SYMTAB 0000000000000000 00000000000012a8 3500000000000006d8 0000000000000018 52 8[0000000000000000]: [35] .strtabSTRTAB STRTAB 0000000000000000 0000000000001980 00000000000000228 0000000000000000 0 1[0000000000000000]:
3.5 -s
# readelf -s testSymbol table '.dynsym' contains 4 entries:Num: Value Size Type Bind Vis Ndx Name0: 0000000000000000 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT UND 1: 0000000000000000 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UND printf@GLIBC_2.2.5 (2)2: 0000000000000000 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UND __libc_start_main@GLIBC_2.2.5 (2)3: 0000000000000000 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UND __gmon_start__Symbol table '.symtab' contains 73 entries:Num: Value Size Type Bind Vis Ndx Name0: 0000000000000000 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT UND 1: 0000000000400238 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 1 2: 0000000000400254 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 2 3: 0000000000400274 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 3 4: 0000000000400298 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 4 5: 00000000004002b8 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 5 6: 0000000000400318 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 6 7: 0000000000400358 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 7 8: 0000000000400360 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 8 9: 0000000000400380 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 9 10: 0000000000400398 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 10 11: 00000000004003c8 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 11 12: 00000000004003f0 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 12 13: 0000000000400420 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 13 14: 0000000000400430 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 14 15: 00000000004005d4 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 15 16: 00000000004005e0 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 16 17: 00000000004005f8 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 17 18: 0000000000400638 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 18 19: 0000000000600e10 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 19 20: 0000000000600e18 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 20 21: 0000000000600e20 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 21 22: 0000000000600e28 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 22 23: 0000000000600ff8 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 23 24: 0000000000601000 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 24 25: 0000000000601028 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 25 26: 0000000000601038 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 26 27: 0000000000000000 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 27 28: 0000000000000000 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 28 29: 0000000000000000 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 29 30: 0000000000000000 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 30 31: 0000000000000000 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 31 32: 0000000000000000 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 32 33: 0000000000000000 0 FILE LOCAL DEFAULT ABS crtstuff.c34: 0000000000600e20 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 21 __JCR_LIST__35: 0000000000400460 0 FUNC LOCAL DEFAULT 14 deregister_tm_clones36: 00000000004004a0 0 FUNC LOCAL DEFAULT 14 register_tm_clones37: 00000000004004e0 0 FUNC LOCAL DEFAULT 14 __do_global_dtors_aux38: 0000000000601038 1 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 26 completed.759439: 0000000000600e18 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 20 __do_global_dtors_aux_fin40: 0000000000400500 0 FUNC LOCAL DEFAULT 14 frame_dummy41: 0000000000600e10 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 19 __frame_dummy_init_array_42: 0000000000000000 0 FILE LOCAL DEFAULT ABS test_binutils.c43: 0000000000000000 0 FILE LOCAL DEFAULT ABS crtstuff.c44: 0000000000400748 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 18 __FRAME_END__45: 0000000000600e20 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 21 __JCR_END__46: 0000000000000000 0 FILE LOCAL DEFAULT ABS 47: 0000000000600e18 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 19 __init_array_end48: 0000000000600e28 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 22 _DYNAMIC49: 0000000000600e10 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 19 __init_array_start50: 00000000004005f8 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 17 __GNU_EH_FRAME_HDR51: 0000000000601000 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 24 _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_52: 00000000004005d0 2 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 14 __libc_csu_fini53: 0000000000000000 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UND _ITM_deregisterTMCloneTab54: 0000000000601028 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT 25 data_start55: 0000000000601038 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT 25 _edata56: 00000000004005d4 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 15 _fini57: 0000000000000000 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UND printf@@GLIBC_2.2.558: 0000000000400526 27 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 14 test_func59: 0000000000000000 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UND __libc_start_main@@GLIBC_60: 0000000000601028 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT 25 __data_start61: 0000000000000000 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UND __gmon_start__62: 0000000000601030 0 OBJECT GLOBAL HIDDEN 25 __dso_handle63: 00000000004005e0 4 OBJECT GLOBAL DEFAULT 16 _IO_stdin_used64: 0000000000400560 101 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 14 __libc_csu_init65: 0000000000601040 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT 26 _end66: 0000000000400430 42 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 14 _start67: 0000000000601038 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT 26 __bss_start68: 0000000000400541 21 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 14 main69: 0000000000000000 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UND _Jv_RegisterClasses70: 0000000000601038 0 OBJECT GLOBAL HIDDEN 25 __TMC_END__71: 0000000000000000 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UND _ITM_registerTMCloneTable72: 00000000004003c8 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 11 _init
3.6 -n
# readelf -n testDisplaying notes found at file offset 0x00000254 with length 0x00000020:Owner Data size DescriptionGNU 0x00000010 NT_GNU_ABI_TAG (ABI version tag)OS: Linux, ABI: 2.6.32Displaying notes found at file offset 0x00000274 with length 0x00000024:Owner Data size DescriptionGNU 0x00000014 NT_GNU_BUILD_ID (unique build ID bitstring)Build ID: 86febe6b7e9155bf559d0667e18b029d66e5749a
3.7 -d
# readelf -d testDynamic section at offset 0xe28 contains 24 entries:Tag Type Name/Value0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libc.so.6]0x000000000000000c (INIT) 0x4003c80x000000000000000d (FINI) 0x4005d40x0000000000000019 (INIT_ARRAY) 0x600e100x000000000000001b (INIT_ARRAYSZ) 8 (bytes)0x000000000000001a (FINI_ARRAY) 0x600e180x000000000000001c (FINI_ARRAYSZ) 8 (bytes)0x000000006ffffef5 (GNU_HASH) 0x4002980x0000000000000005 (STRTAB) 0x4003180x0000000000000006 (SYMTAB) 0x4002b80x000000000000000a (STRSZ) 63 (bytes)0x000000000000000b (SYMENT) 24 (bytes)0x0000000000000015 (DEBUG) 0x00x0000000000000003 (PLTGOT) 0x6010000x0000000000000002 (PLTRELSZ) 48 (bytes)0x0000000000000014 (PLTREL) RELA0x0000000000000017 (JMPREL) 0x4003980x0000000000000007 (RELA) 0x4003800x0000000000000008 (RELASZ) 24 (bytes)0x0000000000000009 (RELAENT) 24 (bytes)0x000000006ffffffe (VERNEED) 0x4003600x000000006fffffff (VERNEEDNUM) 10x000000006ffffff0 (VERSYM) 0x4003580x0000000000000000 (NULL) 0x0
4 size
查看目标文件中的段大小
如下：
# size testtext data bss dec hex filename1261 552 8 1821 71d test
上面显示了代码段、数据段、BSS段的大小，其中.rdata段被分到代码段中；.idata段被划分到数据段中。
使用-A指令可以看到更详细的信息：
# size -A test
test :
section size addr
.interp 28 4194872
.note.ABI-tag 32 4194900
.note.gnu.build-id 36 4194932
.gnu.hash 28 4194968
.dynsym 96 4195000
.dynstr 63 4195096
.gnu.version 8 4195160
.gnu.version_r 32 4195168
.rela.dyn 24 4195200
.rela.plt 48 4195224
.init 26 4195272
.plt 48 4195312
.plt.got 8 4195360
.text 418 4195376
.fini 9 4195796
.rodata 21 4195808
.eh_frame_hdr 60 4195832
.eh_frame 276 4195896
.init_array 8 6295056
.fini_array 8 6295064
.jcr 8 6295072
.dynamic 464 6295080
.got 8 6295544
.got.plt 40 6295552
.data 16 6295592
.bss 8 6295608
.comment 53 0
.debug_aranges 48 0
.debug_info 174 0
.debug_abbrev 66 0
.debug_line 72 0
.debug_str 206 0
Total 2440
5 objdump
查看程序中的调试信息和段信息，也可以对程序进行反汇编。
查看信息：
后跟-h选项用来查看信息
# objdump -h testtest: file format elf64-x86-64Sections:
Idx Name Size VMA LMA File off Algn0 .interp 0000001c 0000000000400238 0000000000400238 00000238 2**0CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA1 .note.ABI-tag 00000020 0000000000400254 0000000000400254 00000254 2**2CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA2 .note.gnu.build-id 00000024 0000000000400274 0000000000400274 00000274 2**2CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA3 .gnu.hash 0000001c 0000000000400298 0000000000400298 00000298 2**3CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA4 .dynsym 00000060 00000000004002b8 00000000004002b8 000002b8 2**3CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA5 .dynstr 0000003f 0000000000400318 0000000000400318 00000318 2**0CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA6 .gnu.version 00000008 0000000000400358 0000000000400358 00000358 2**1CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA7 .gnu.version_r 00000020 0000000000400360 0000000000400360 00000360 2**3CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA8 .rela.dyn 00000018 0000000000400380 0000000000400380 00000380 2**3CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA9 .rela.plt 00000030 0000000000400398 0000000000400398 00000398 2**3CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA10 .init 0000001a 00000000004003c8 00000000004003c8 000003c8 2**2CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, CODE11 .plt 00000030 00000000004003f0 00000000004003f0 000003f0 2**4CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, CODE12 .plt.got 00000008 0000000000400420 0000000000400420 00000420 2**3CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, CODE13 .text 000001a2 0000000000400430 0000000000400430 00000430 2**4CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, CODE14 .fini 00000009 00000000004005d4 00000000004005d4 000005d4 2**2CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, CODE15 .rodata 00000015 00000000004005e0 00000000004005e0 000005e0 2**2CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA16 .eh_frame_hdr 0000003c 00000000004005f8 00000000004005f8 000005f8 2**2CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA17 .eh_frame 00000114 0000000000400638 0000000000400638 00000638 2**3CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA18 .init_array 00000008 0000000000600e10 0000000000600e10 00000e10 2**3CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA19 .fini_array 00000008 0000000000600e18 0000000000600e18 00000e18 2**3CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA20 .jcr 00000008 0000000000600e20 0000000000600e20 00000e20 2**3CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA21 .dynamic 000001d0 0000000000600e28 0000000000600e28 00000e28 2**3CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA22 .got 00000008 0000000000600ff8 0000000000600ff8 00000ff8 2**3CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA23 .got.plt 00000028 0000000000601000 0000000000601000 00001000 2**3CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA24 .data 00000010 0000000000601028 0000000000601028 00001028 2**3CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA25 .bss 00000008 0000000000601038 0000000000601038 00001038 2**0ALLOC26 .comment 00000035 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 00001038 2**0CONTENTS, READONLY27 .debug_aranges 00000030 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000106d 2**0CONTENTS, READONLY, DEBUGGING28 .debug_info 000000ae 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000109d 2**0CONTENTS, READONLY, DEBUGGING29 .debug_abbrev 00000042 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000114b 2**0CONTENTS, READONLY, DEBUGGING30 .debug_line 00000048 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000118d 2**0CONTENTS, READONLY, DEBUGGING31 .debug_str 000000ce 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 000011d5 2**0CONTENTS, READONLY, DEBUGGING
反汇编：
# objdump -d testtest: file format elf64-x86-64Disassembly of section .init:00000000004003c8 <_init>:4003c8: 48 83 ec 08 sub $0x8,%rsp4003cc: 48 8b 05 25 0c 20 00 mov 0x200c25(%rip),%rax # 600ff8 <_DYNAMIC+0x1d0>4003d3: 48 85 c0 test %rax,%rax4003d6: 74 05 je 4003dd <_init+0x15>4003d8: e8 43 00 00 00 callq 400420 <__libc_start_main@plt+0x10>4003dd: 48 83 c4 08 add $0x8,%rsp4003e1: c3 retq Disassembly of section .plt:00000000004003f0 <printf@plt-0x10>:4003f0: ff 35 12 0c 20 00 pushq 0x200c12(%rip) # 601008 <_GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_+0x8>4003f6: ff 25 14 0c 20 00 jmpq *0x200c14(%rip) # 601010 <_GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_+0x10>4003fc: 0f 1f 40 00 nopl 0x0(%rax)0000000000400400 <printf@plt>:400400: ff 25 12 0c 20 00 jmpq *0x200c12(%rip) # 601018 <_GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_+0x18>400406: 68 00 00 00 00 pushq $0x040040b: e9 e0 ff ff ff jmpq 4003f0 <_init+0x28>0000000000400410 <__libc_start_main@plt>:400410: ff 25 0a 0c 20 00 jmpq *0x200c0a(%rip) # 601020 <_GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_+0x20>400416: 68 01 00 00 00 pushq $0x140041b: e9 d0 ff ff ff jmpq 4003f0 <_init+0x28>Disassembly of section .plt.got:0000000000400420 <.plt.got>:400420: ff 25 d2 0b 20 00 jmpq *0x200bd2(%rip) # 600ff8 <_DYNAMIC+0x1d0>400426: 66 90 xchg %ax,%axDisassembly of section .text:0000000000400430 <_start>:400430: 31 ed xor %ebp,%ebp400432: 49 89 d1 mov %rdx,%r9400435: 5e pop %rsi400436: 48 89 e2 mov %rsp,%rdx400439: 48 83 e4 f0 and $0xfffffffffffffff0,%rsp40043d: 50 push %rax40043e: 54 push %rsp40043f: 49 c7 c0 d0 05 40 00 mov $0x4005d0,%r8400446: 48 c7 c1 60 05 40 00 mov $0x400560,%rcx40044d: 48 c7 c7 41 05 40 00 mov $0x400541,%rdi400454: e8 b7 ff ff ff callq 400410 <__libc_start_main@plt>400459: f4 hlt 40045a: 66 0f 1f 44 00 00 nopw 0x0(%rax,%rax,1)0000000000400460 <deregister_tm_clones>:400460: b8 3f 10 60 00 mov $0x60103f,%eax400465: 55 push %rbp400466: 48 2d 38 10 60 00 sub $0x601038,%rax40046c: 48 83 f8 0e cmp $0xe,%rax400470: 48 89 e5 mov %rsp,%rbp400473: 76 1b jbe 400490 <deregister_tm_clones+0x30>400475: b8 00 00 00 00 mov $0x0,%eax40047a: 48 85 c0 test %rax,%rax40047d: 74 11 je 400490 <deregister_tm_clones+0x30>40047f: 5d pop %rbp400480: bf 38 10 60 00 mov $0x601038,%edi400485: ff e0 jmpq *%rax400487: 66 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 nopw 0x0(%rax,%rax,1)40048e: 00 00 400490: 5d pop %rbp400491: c3 retq 400492: 0f 1f 40 00 nopl 0x0(%rax)400496: 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 nopw %cs:0x0(%rax,%rax,1)40049d: 00 00 00 00000000004004a0 <register_tm_clones>:4004a0: be 38 10 60 00 mov $0x601038,%esi4004a5: 55 push %rbp4004a6: 48 81 ee 38 10 60 00 sub $0x601038,%rsi4004ad: 48 c1 fe 03 sar $0x3,%rsi4004b1: 48 89 e5 mov %rsp,%rbp4004b4: 48 89 f0 mov %rsi,%rax4004b7: 48 c1 e8 3f shr $0x3f,%rax4004bb: 48 01 c6 add %rax,%rsi4004be: 48 d1 fe sar %rsi4004c1: 74 15 je 4004d8 <register_tm_clones+0x38>4004c3: b8 00 00 00 00 mov $0x0,%eax4004c8: 48 85 c0 test %rax,%rax4004cb: 74 0b je 4004d8 <register_tm_clones+0x38>4004cd: 5d pop %rbp4004ce: bf 38 10 60 00 mov $0x601038,%edi4004d3: ff e0 jmpq *%rax4004d5: 0f 1f 00 nopl (%rax)4004d8: 5d pop %rbp4004d9: c3 retq 4004da: 66 0f 1f 44 00 00 nopw 0x0(%rax,%rax,1)00000000004004e0 <__do_global_dtors_aux>:4004e0: 80 3d 51 0b 20 00 00 cmpb $0x0,0x200b51(%rip) # 601038 <__TMC_END__>4004e7: 75 11 jne 4004fa <__do_global_dtors_aux+0x1a>4004e9: 55 push %rbp4004ea: 48 89 e5 mov %rsp,%rbp4004ed: e8 6e ff ff ff callq 400460 <deregister_tm_clones>4004f2: 5d pop %rbp4004f3: c6 05 3e 0b 20 00 01 movb $0x1,0x200b3e(%rip) # 601038 <__TMC_END__>4004fa: f3 c3 repz retq 4004fc: 0f 1f 40 00 nopl 0x0(%rax)0000000000400500 <frame_dummy>:400500: bf 20 0e 60 00 mov $0x600e20,%edi400505: 48 83 3f 00 cmpq $0x0,(%rdi)400509: 75 05 jne 400510 <frame_dummy+0x10>40050b: eb 93 jmp 4004a0 <register_tm_clones>40050d: 0f 1f 00 nopl (%rax)400510: b8 00 00 00 00 mov $0x0,%eax400515: 48 85 c0 test %rax,%rax400518: 74 f1 je 40050b <frame_dummy+0xb>40051a: 55 push %rbp40051b: 48 89 e5 mov %rsp,%rbp40051e: ff d0 callq *%rax400520: 5d pop %rbp400521: e9 7a ff ff ff jmpq 4004a0 <register_tm_clones>0000000000400526 <test_func>:400526: 55 push %rbp400527: 48 89 e5 mov %rsp,%rbp40052a: be 26 05 40 00 mov $0x400526,%esi40052f: bf e4 05 40 00 mov $0x4005e4,%edi400534: b8 00 00 00 00 mov $0x0,%eax400539: e8 c2 fe ff ff callq 400400 <printf@plt>40053e: 90 nop40053f: 5d pop %rbp400540: c3 retq 0000000000400541 <main>:400541: 55 push %rbp400542: 48 89 e5 mov %rsp,%rbp400545: b8 00 00 00 00 mov $0x0,%eax40054a: e8 d7 ff ff ff callq 400526 <test_func>40054f: b8 00 00 00 00 mov $0x0,%eax400554: 5d pop %rbp400555: c3 retq 400556: 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 nopw %cs:0x0(%rax,%rax,1)40055d: 00 00 00 0000000000400560 <__libc_csu_init>:400560: 41 57 push %r15400562: 41 56 push %r14400564: 41 89 ff mov %edi,%r15d400567: 41 55 push %r13400569: 41 54 push %r1240056b: 4c 8d 25 9e 08 20 00 lea 0x20089e(%rip),%r12 # 600e10 <__frame_dummy_init_array_entry>400572: 55 push %rbp400573: 48 8d 2d 9e 08 20 00 lea 0x20089e(%rip),%rbp # 600e18 <__init_array_end>40057a: 53 push %rbx40057b: 49 89 f6 mov %rsi,%r1440057e: 49 89 d5 mov %rdx,%r13400581: 4c 29 e5 sub %r12,%rbp400584: 48 83 ec 08 sub $0x8,%rsp400588: 48 c1 fd 03 sar $0x3,%rbp40058c: e8 37 fe ff ff callq 4003c8 <_init>400591: 48 85 ed test %rbp,%rbp400594: 74 20 je 4005b6 <__libc_csu_init+0x56>400596: 31 db xor %ebx,%ebx400598: 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 nopl 0x0(%rax,%rax,1)40059f: 00 4005a0: 4c 89 ea mov %r13,%rdx4005a3: 4c 89 f6 mov %r14,%rsi4005a6: 44 89 ff mov %r15d,%edi4005a9: 41 ff 14 dc callq *(%r12,%rbx,8)4005ad: 48 83 c3 01 add $0x1,%rbx4005b1: 48 39 eb cmp %rbp,%rbx4005b4: 75 ea jne 4005a0 <__libc_csu_init+0x40>4005b6: 48 83 c4 08 add $0x8,%rsp4005ba: 5b pop %rbx4005bb: 5d pop %rbp4005bc: 41 5c pop %r124005be: 41 5d pop %r134005c0: 41 5e pop %r144005c2: 41 5f pop %r154005c4: c3 retq 4005c5: 90 nop4005c6: 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 nopw %cs:0x0(%rax,%rax,1)4005cd: 00 00 00 00000000004005d0 <__libc_csu_fini>:4005d0: f3 c3 repz retq Disassembly of section .fini:00000000004005d4 <_fini>:4005d4: 48 83 ec 08 sub $0x8,%rsp4005d8: 48 83 c4 08 add $0x8,%rsp4005dc: c3 retq
6 strings
查看目标文件中的字符串。
# strings test
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
libc.so.6
printf
__libc_start_main
__gmon_start__
GLIBC_2.2.5
UH-8
AWAVA
AUATL
[]A\A]A^A_
func addr is:%p
;*3$"
GCC: (Ubuntu 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.12) 5.4.0 20160609
test_binutils.c
long unsigned int
short unsigned int
short int
test_func
test_binutils.c
unsigned char
long int
sizetype
main
GNU C11 5.4.0 20160609 -mtune=generic -march=x86-64 -g -fstack-protector-strong
/home/test_demo
crtstuff.c
__JCR_LIST__
deregister_tm_clones
__do_global_dtors_aux
completed.7594
__do_global_dtors_aux_fini_array_entry
frame_dummy
__frame_dummy_init_array_entry
test_binutils.c
__FRAME_END__
__JCR_END__
__init_array_end
_DYNAMIC
__init_array_start
__GNU_EH_FRAME_HDR
_GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_
__libc_csu_fini
_ITM_deregisterTMCloneTable
_edata
printf@@GLIBC_2.2.5
test_func
__libc_start_main@@GLIBC_2.2.5
__data_start
__gmon_start__
__dso_handle
_IO_stdin_used
__libc_csu_init
__bss_start
main
_Jv_RegisterClasses
__TMC_END__
_ITM_registerTMCloneTable
.symtab
.strtab
.shstrtab
.interp
.note.ABI-tag
.note.gnu.build-id
.gnu.hash
.dynsym
.dynstr
.gnu.version
.gnu.version_r
.rela.dyn
.rela.plt
.init
.plt.got
.text
.fini
.rodata
.eh_frame_hdr
.eh_frame
.init_array
.fini_array
.jcr
.dynamic
.got.plt
.data
.bss
.comment
.debug_aranges
.debug_info
.debug_abbrev
.debug_line
.debug_str
7 strip
剔除可执行程序中的调试信息，减小文件的大小。
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