python with open方式写入文件出现乱码问题解决

一.问题描述

postman调用flask post接口，接口返回成功，成功修改数据，但是出现乱码

代码如下：

server.py:
mock接口实现接收url和data参数，再写入到csdn_mock.json中

import os
import sys
import json
#解决无法导入包的问题
basePath = os.getcwd()
sys.path.append(basePath)
from flask import Flask
from flask import request
import json
from chapter7.util.handle_json import jsonsOperator
app = Flask(__name__)@app.route('/mock',methods=['POST'])
def mock():request_method = request.methodif request_method == 'POST':'''#多种获取参数方式para_from_form = request.formpara_from_args = request.argspara_from_values = request.valuespara_from_json = request.get_data()'''#需要转为dict再操作json_data = json.loads(request.get_data())url = json_data.get("url")data = json_data.get("data")jsonsOperator.updateValue(url,data,"/chapter7/mock/csdn_mock.json")return data# return dataelse:data = json.dumps({'code' : 1,'meaasge' : '请求类型应为POST'},ensure_ascii=False)return dataif(__name__ == '__main__'):app.run()

csdn_mock文件：

{"/community/home-api/v1/get-fans-list":{"code": 200,"message": "success","data": {"list": [{"username": "weixin_59267405","nickname": "繁星253","userAvatar": "https://profile.csdnimg.cn/4/E/4/3_weixin_59267405","blogUrl": "https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_59267405","loginUserNameIsFollow": false,"blogExpert": false,"briefIntroduction": null},{"username": "weixin_44149960","nickname": "初衷模样？","userAvatar": "https://profile.csdnimg.cn/4/3/0/3_weixin_44149960","blogUrl": "https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44149960","loginUserNameIsFollow": false,"blogExpert": false,"briefIntroduction": null},{"username": "tianxingyue13579","nickname": "tiandaochouqin510","userAvatar": "https://profile.csdnimg.cn/3/C/D/3_tianxingyue13579","blogUrl": "https://blog.csdn.net/tianxingyue13579","loginUserNameIsFollow": true,"blogExpert": false,"briefIntroduction": ""},{"username": "qq_41132114","nickname": "qq_41132114","userAvatar": "https://profile.csdnimg.cn/C/C/9/3_qq_41132114","blogUrl": "https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41132114","loginUserNameIsFollow": true,"blogExpert": false,"briefIntroduction": null}]}},"/community-personal/v1/attention-label":{"code": 200,"msg": "success","data": null}
}

JsonsOperator：

import os
import sys
basePath = os.getcwd()
sys.path.append(basePath)
import jsonclass JsonsOperator:def readJsons(self,filePath=None):'''读取filePath路径下json文件的所有信息'''location = Noneif filePath == None:location = basePath + "/chapter7/mock/csdn_mock.json"else:location = basePath + filePathprint("readJsons方法将要打开读的location是-------------》",location)with open(location, "rb") as f:###########json.load()用于从json文件中读取数据,返回dict类型res = json.load(f)# print("读取文件获得的res类型和值是：",type(res),"|",res)return resdef getValue(self,key,filePath=None):'''读取指定配置json文件里，key对应的value'''dict = self.readJsons(filePath)value = dict.get(key)#value是dict类型，直接返回即可，测试方法里访问dict来断言 处理# print("getMockRes---------->",type(value))return valuedef writeValue(self,data,path=None):'''向json文件写入数据(全部覆盖写入),比如写入cookie'''if path == None:path = "/chapter7/config/cookie.json"data = json.dumps(data,ensure_ascii=False)print("(((((((((((((",data)with open(basePath+path, "w",encoding="UTF-8") as f:f.write(data)def updateValue(self,key,data,path=None):'''增加或者更新json文件key-value''''''要求传入的key是字符串类型，data是dict类型'''print("updateValue方法传入的path是-------------》",path)if path == None:path = "/chapter7/mock/csdn_mock.json"#readJsons方法返回的就是dict类型initialMocks = jsonsOperator.readJsons(path)#  #data需要转换为dict类型#  data = json.loads(data)initialMocks[key] = datajsonsOperator.writeValue(initialMocks,path)jsonsOperator = JsonsOperator()if(__name__ == "__main__"):data = {"lll":"hhhh"}jsonsOperator.writeValue(data)

二.问题解决

1.在updateValue方法内部增加打印，打印写入文件前的data信息

发现没有出现乱码

2.考虑写入文件时指定编码

def writeValue(self,data,path=None):'''向json文件写入数据(全部覆盖写入),比如写入cookie'''if path == None:path = "/chapter7/config/cookie.json"data = json.dumps(data,ensure_ascii=False)print("(((((((((((((",data)with open(basePath+path, "w") as f:f.write(data.encode(encoding="UTF-8"))

postman请求，
出现500错误

查看终端报错：

 File ".\chapter7\flask\server.py", line 29, in mockjsonsOperator.updateValue(url,data,"/chapter7/mock/csdn_mock.json")File "D:\D1\code\AutoTest\python_interface_autotest\PythonInterfaceAutoTest\chapter7\util\handle_json.py", line 59, in updateValuejsonsOperator.writeValue(initialMocks,path)File "D:\D1\code\AutoTest\python_interface_autotest\PythonInterfaceAutoTest\chapter7\util\handle_json.py", line 46, in writeValuef.write(data.encode(encoding="UTF-8"))
TypeError: write() argument must be str, not bytes

3.查看encode信息

encode() 方法为字符串类型（str）提供的方法，用于将 str 类型转换成 bytes 类型，这个过程也称为“编码”

与此相对，

decode() 方法用于将 bytes 类型的二进制数据转换为 str 类型，这个过程也称为“解码”

既然encode返回是bytes类型，那么尝试将打开文件的方式改为"wb"（只写+二进制模式）

with open(basePath+path, "wb") as f:f.write(data.encode(encoding="UTF-8"))

保存启动，postman再次调用

查看json文件有无修改成功，乱码是否修复

如图已成功修复

4.或者可以在with open中指定编码方式

要写入特定编码的文本文件，就给open()函数传入encoding参数，将字符串自动转换成指定编码
字符编码

with open(basePath+path, "w",encoding="UTF-8") as f:f.write(data)