如何将系统引导至单用户状态(运行级别 S)

将系统引导至单用户状态以执行系统维护，如备份文件系统或对其他系统问题进行故障排除。

根据平台，执行以下操作之一：对于 SPARC 平台：使系统进入 ok PROM 提示符下。# init 0

将系统引导至单用户状态。ok boot -s

显示以下消息时键入 root 口令：SINGLE USER MODE

Root password for system maintenance (control-d to bypass): xxxxxx

对于 x86 平台：对系统执行标准重新引导。# reboot -p

由于快速重新引导功能在缺省情况下处于启用状态，因此必须在重新引导系统时指定 –p 选项，从而在引导时显示 GRUB 菜单。要禁用快速重新引导功能以便无需指定 –p 选项，请参见更改缺省快速重新引导行为。如果系统显示 "Press Any Key to Reboot" 提示符，请按任意键以重新引导系统。或者，在出现此提示时，您还可以使用 "Reset"(重置)按钮。

如果系统已关闭，请使用电源开关打开系统。

在 GRUB 菜单显示后，选择要修改的引导项，然后键入 e 以编辑该项。

使用方向箭导航到 $multiboot 行，然后在行的末尾键入 –s。

要退出 GRUB 编辑菜单并引导刚刚编辑的项，请按 Ctrl-X 组合键。如果未在带有 UEFI 固件的系统上使用串行控制台，按 F10 键也会引导该项。

有关在引导时编辑 GRUB 菜单的更多信息，请参见通过在引导时编辑 GRUB 菜单添加内核参数。

确认系统处于运行级别 S。# who -r

执行更改为运行级别 S 所需的维护任务。

重新引导系统。示例 4-14SPARC: 将系统引导至单用户状态(运行级别 S)

以下示例显示了在引导过程开始后将基于 SPARC 的系统引导至运行级别 S 时出现的消息。# init 0

# svc.startd: The system is coming down. Please wait.

svc.startd: 122 system services are now being stopped.

Mar 5 10:30:33 system1 syslogd: going down on signal 15

svc.startd: Killing user processes.

umount: /ws busy

umount: /home busy

Mar 5 17:30:50 The system is down. Shutdown took 70 seconds.

syncing file systems... done

Program terminated

{1c} ok boot -s

SC Alert: Host System has Reset

NOV 17 21:46:59 ERROR: System memory downgraded to 2-channel mode from 4-channel mode

NOV 17 21:47:00 ERROR: Available system memory is less than physically installed memory

NOV 17 21:47:00 ERROR: System DRAM Available: 008192 MB Physical: 016384 MB

Sun Fire T200, No Keyboard

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Ethernet address 0:14:4f:1d:e8:da, Host ID: 841de8da.

ERROR: The following devices are disabled:

MB/CMP0/CH2/R0/D0

Boot device: /pci@7c0/pci@0/pci@1/pci@0,2/LSILogic,sas@2/disk@0,0:a

File and args: -s

SunOS Release 5.11 Version 11.2 64-bit

Copyright (c) 1983, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

NOTICE: Hypervisor does not support CPU power management

Booting to milestone "milestone/single-user:default".

Hostname: system1

Requesting System Maintenance Mode

SINGLE USER MODE

Enter root password (control-d to bypass): xxxxxx

single-user privilege assigned to root on /dev/console.

Entering System Maintenance Mode

Mar 5 10:36:14 su: 'su root' succeeded for root on /dev/console

Oracle Corporation SunOS 5.11 11.2 July 2014

root@system1:~# who -r

run-level S Mar 5 10:35 S 0 0

root@tsystem1:~#

示例 4-15x86: 将系统引导至单用户状态(运行级别 S)

以下示例显示了在引导过程开始后将基于 x86 的系统引导至运行级别 S 时出现的消息。root@system-04:~# init 0

root@system-04:~# svc.startd: The system is coming down. Please wait.

svc.startd: 129 system services are now being stopped.

Apr 23 13:51:28 system-04 syslogd: going down on signal 15

svc.startd: Killing user processes.

umount: /home busy

Apr 23 13:51:36 The system is down. Shutdown took 26 seconds.

syncing file systems... done

Press any key to reboot.

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.LSI Corporation MPT SAS BIOS

MPTBIOS-6.26.00.00 (2008.10.14)

Copyright 2000-2008 LSI Corporation.

Initializing..|Press F2 to runS POPUP (CTRL+P on Remote Keyboard)

Press F12 to boot from the network (CTRL+N on Remote Keyboard)

System Memory : 8.0 GB , Inc.

Auto-Detecting Pri Master..ATAPI CDROM 0078

Ultra DMA Mode-2

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GNU GRUB version 1.99,5.11.0.175.1.0.0.14.0

****************************************************************************

*Oracle Solaris 11.2 *

* *

* *

* *

* *

* *

* *

* *

* *

* *

* *

****************************************************************************

Use the * and * keys to select which entry is highlighted.

Press enter to boot the selected OS, 'e' to edit the commands

before booting or 'c' for a command-line.

GNU GRUB version 1.99,5.11.0.175.1.0.0.14.0

****************************************************************************

* setparams 'Oracle Solaris 11.2' *

* *

* insmod part_msdos *

* insmod part_sunpc *

* insmod part_gpt *

* insmod zfs *

* search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root cd03199c4187a7d7 *

* zfs-bootfs /ROOT/s11u2/@/ zfs_bootfs *

* set kern=/platform/i86pc/kernel/amd64/unix *

* echo -n "Loading ${root}/ROOT/s11u2 /@$kern: " *

* $multiboot /ROOT/s11u2/@/$kern $kern -B $zfs_bootfs -s

* set gfxpayload="1024x768x32;1024x768x16;800x600x16;640x480x16;640x480x1\ *

* 5;640x480x32" **

****************************************************************************

Minimum Emacs-like screen editing is supported. TAB lists

completions. Press Ctrl-x or F10 to boot, Ctrl-c or F2 for

a command-line or ESC to discard edits and return to the GRUB menu.

Booting a command list

Loading hd0,msdos1,sunpc1/ROOT/s11u2/@/platform/i86pc/kernel/amd64/unix: 0

%...done.

Loading hd0,msdos1,sunpc1/ROOT/s11u2/@/platform/i86pc/amd64/boot_archive:

0%...

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SunOS Release 5.11 Version 11.2 64-bit

Copyright (c) 1983, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

NOTICE: kmem_io_2G arena created

Booting to milestone "milestone/single-user:default".

Hostname: system-04

Requesting System Maintenance Mode

SINGLE USER MODE

Enter user name for system maintenance (control-d to bypass): root

Enter root password (control-d to bypass): xxxxxxx

single-user privilege assigned to root on /dev/console.

Entering System Maintenance Mode

May 8 11:13:44 su: 'su root' succeeded for root on /dev/console

Oracle Corporation SunOS 5.11 11.2 July 2014

You have new mail.

root@system-04:~# who -r

. run-level S Apr 23 14:49 S 0 0