#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define fi first
#define se second
#define pi acos(-1.0)
#define LL long long
//#define mp make_pair
#define pb push_back
#define ls rt<<1, l, m
#define rs rt<<1|1, m+1, r
#define ULL unsigned LL
#define pll pair<LL, LL>
#define pii pair<int, int>
#define mem(a, b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define fio ios::sync_with_stdio(false);cin.tie(0);cout.tie(0);
#define fopen freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin);freopen("out.txt", "w", stout);
//headconst int N = 2e5 + 5;
int a[N], nxt[N], mx[N<<2], lazy[N<<2], mex[N];
LL sum[N<<2];
map<int, int>mp;
void push_up(int rt) {sum[rt] = sum[rt<<1] + sum[rt<<1|1];mx[rt] = max(mx[rt<<1], mx[rt<<1|1]);
}
void push_down(int rt, int len) {sum[rt<<1] = 1LL * lazy[rt] * (len - (len >> 1));mx[rt<<1] = lazy[rt];lazy[rt<<1] = lazy[rt];sum[rt<<1|1] = 1LL * lazy[rt] * (len >> 1);mx[rt<<1|1] = lazy[rt];lazy[rt<<1|1] = lazy[rt];lazy[rt] = 0;
}
void build(int rt, int l, int r) {if(l == r) {mx[rt] = sum[rt] = mex[l];return ;}int m = (l+r) >> 1;build(ls);build(rs);push_up(rt);
}
void update(int x, int L, int R, int rt, int l, int r) {if(L <= l && r <= R) {mx[rt] = x;sum[rt] = 1LL * (r-l+1) * x;lazy[rt] = x;return ;}if(lazy[rt]) push_down(rt, r-l+1);int m = (l+r) >> 1;if(L <= m) update(x, L, R, ls);if(R > m) update(x, L, R, rs);push_up(rt);
}
LL query(int L, int R, int rt, int l, int r) {if(L <= l && r <= R) return sum[rt];if(lazy[rt]) push_down(rt, r-l+1);int m = (l+r) >> 1;LL ans = 0;if(L <= m) ans += query(L, R, ls);if(R > m) ans += query(L, R, rs);push_up(rt);return ans;
}
int Find(int x, int rt, int l, int r) {if(l == r) return l;int m = (l+r) >> 1;if(lazy[rt]) push_down(rt, r-l+1);if(mx[rt<<1] > x) return Find(x, ls);else return Find(x, rs);
}
int main() {int n;while(~scanf("%d", &n) && n) {mem(lazy, 0);build(1, 1, n);for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) scanf("%d", &a[i]);mp.clear();int tmp = 0;for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {mp[a[i]]++;while(mp.find(tmp) != mp.end()) tmp++;mex[i] = tmp;}build(1, 1, n);mp.clear();for (int i = n; i >= 1; i--) {if(mp.find(a[i]) == mp.end()) nxt[i] = n+1;else nxt[i] = mp[a[i]];mp[a[i]] = i;}LL ans = 0;for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {ans += query(1, n, 1, 1, n);if(mx[1] <= a[i]) continue;int l = Find(a[i], 1, 1, n);int r = nxt[i];if(l < r) update(a[i], l, r-1, 1, 1, n);}printf("%lld\n", ans);}return 0;
}