oracle 11gdata guard,Oracle 11g Data Guard配置
操作环境说明：
两台服务器使用相同的Redhat 5.5
内核版本为：2.6.18-194.el5
在主库(primary database)中提前安装好了Oracle 11gR2软件，通过DBCA创建了数据库，实例名为PRIMARY
备库(standby database)中只安装了Oracle 11gR2软件，未创建数据库。
本文完整记录基于11g的DG配置
主库配置
1、确认主库开启了archivelog模式，并设置为force logging模式
SYS@PRIMARY>alter database force logging ;
alter database force logging
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-12920: database is already in force logging mode
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2、创建standby controlfile
SYS@PRIMARY>alter database create standby controlfile as '/u01/data/primary/primary/standby.ctl';
Database altered.
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3、登录到主库，可以了解一下数据文件的信息，之后安全关闭数据库，将全部数据文件拷贝到备库的相应目录下,直接复制目录最简单
SYS@PRIMARY>select name from v$datafile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/data/primary/system01.dbf
/u01/data/primary/sysaux01.dbf
/u01/data/primary/undotbs01.dbf
/u01/data/primary/users.dbf
SYS@PRIMARY>show parameter control_files
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
control_files string /u01/data/primary/primary/cont
rol01.ctl, /u01/data/primary/p
rimary/control02.ctl
SYS@PRIMARY>select group#,member from v$logfile;
GROUP# MEMBER
---------- ------------------------------
1 /u01/data/primary/redo01a.rdo
1 /u01/data/primary/redo01b.rdo
2 /u01/data/primary/redo02a.rdo
2 /u01/data/primary/redo02b.rdo
3 /u01/data/primary/redo03a.rdo
3 /u01/data/primary/redo03b.rdo
6 rows selected.
SYS@PRIMARY>shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SYS@PRIMARY>quit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@localhost ~]$ cd /u01/data/
[oracle@localhost data]$ scp -r primary/ 172.26.29.4:/u01/data
oracle@172.26.29.4's password:
system01.dbf 100% 172MB 34.4MB/s 00:05
redo01b.rdo 100% 100MB 33.3MB/s 00:03
sysaux01.dbf 100% 100MB 50.0MB/s 00:02
undotbs01.dbf 100% 133MB 44.3MB/s 00:03
.......
[oracle@localhost data]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Feb 21 20:54:47 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SYS@PRIMARY>startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1603411968 bytes
Fixed Size 2213776 bytes
Variable Size 402655344 bytes
Database Buffers 1191182336 bytes
Redo Buffers 7360512 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
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4、主库修改初始化参数文件
SYS@PRIMARY>create pfile from spfile;
File created.
SYS@PRIMARY>!
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在pfile后面追加如下这些参数：
参数的含义请查看联机文档。
log_archive_config='dg_config=(primary,standby)'
log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/data/primary/arc'
log_archive_dest_2='service=standby async valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=STANDBY'
log_archive_dest_state_1='enable'
log_archive_dest_state_2='enable'
log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arc'
log_archive_max_processes=10
log_file_name_convert='/u01/data/primary/arc','/u01/data/primary/arc'
fal_client='PRIMARY'
fal_server='STANDBY'
standby_file_management='auto'
remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'
这里要注意：
log_archive_dest_2这个参数中db_unique_name的值为备库的db_unique_name，最好完全与备库一致，包括大小写
log_file_name_convert的值中，第一个值为主库的归档日志目录，第二个为备库的归档日志目录
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ cat initPRIMARY.ora
PRIMARY.__db_cache_size=1191182336
PRIMARY.__java_pool_size=16777216
PRIMARY.__large_pool_size=16777216
PRIMARY.__oracle_base='/u01/app'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
PRIMARY.__pga_aggregate_target=1677721600
PRIMARY.__sga_target=1610612736
PRIMARY.__shared_io_pool_size=0
PRIMARY.__shared_pool_size=369098752
PRIMARY.__streams_pool_size=0
*.compatible='11.2.0'
*.control_files='/u01/data/primary/primary/control01.ctl','/u01/data/primary/primary/control02.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/primary/cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_name='PRIMARY'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=53687091200
*.db_unique_name='PRIMARY'
*.fal_client='PRIMARY'
*.fal_server='STANDBY'
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(primary,standby)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/data/primary/arc'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=standby async valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=STANDBY'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1='enable'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='enable'
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arc'
*.log_archive_max_processes=10
*.log_file_name_convert='/u01/data/primary/arc','/u01/data/primary/arc'
*.nls_date_format='YYYY-MM-DD hh24:mi:ss'
*.nls_language='SIMPLIFIED CHINESE'
*.nls_territory='CHINA'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=1669332992
*.processes=1000
*.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'
*.sessions=1105
*.sga_target=1610612736
*.standby_file_management='auto'
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS01'
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5、主库创建pfile和passwordfile后，拷贝到备库的相同路径下
注意，使用orapwd创建口令文件时，一定要使用ignorecase选项。否则启动备库后，可能会在alert文件中提示ORA-16191错误。这个问题有可能是Oracle 11g中的一个bug，我被他困扰折磨了老半天...
[oracle@localhost data]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ orapwd file=orapwPRIMARY password=sys force=y ignorecase=y
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ ls
hc_PRIMARY.dat init.ora lkPRAMARY lkTDB1 orapwPRIMARY orapwtdb1 spfiletdb1.ora
hc_tdb1.dat initPRIMARY.ora lkPRIMARY lkTEST orapwPRIMARY.bak spfilePRIMARY.ora
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ scp -r orapwPRIMARY initPRIMARY.ora 172.26.29.4:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs
oracle@172.26.29.4's password:
orapwPRIMARY 100% 1536 1.5KB/s 00:00
initPRIMARY.ora 100% 1496 1.5KB/s 00:00
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5、备库获取数据文件，初始化参数文件和口令文件后，对初始化参数文件进行相应修改
需要修改的参数如下：
db_unique_name=STANDBY
log_archive_dest_2='service=primary async valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=PRIMARY'
fal_server=primary
fal_client=standby
control_files='/u01/data/primary/primary/standby.ctl' 此处使用standby controlfile
简单来说，就是将这几个参数依据备库，与主库做一个映像般的调换
[oracle@tam dbs]$ cat initPRIMARY.ora
PRIMARY.__db_cache_size=1191182336
PRIMARY.__java_pool_size=16777216
PRIMARY.__large_pool_size=16777216
PRIMARY.__oracle_base='/u01/app'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
PRIMARY.__pga_aggregate_target=1677721600
PRIMARY.__sga_target=1610612736
PRIMARY.__shared_io_pool_size=0
PRIMARY.__shared_pool_size=369098752
PRIMARY.__streams_pool_size=0
*.compatible='11.2.0'
*.control_files='/u01/data/primary/primary/standby.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/primary/cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_name='PRIMARY'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=53687091200
*.db_unique_name='STANDBY'
*.fal_client='STANDBY'
*.fal_server='PRIMARY'
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(primary,standby)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/data/primary/arc'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=primary async valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=PRIMARY'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1='enable'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='enable'
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arc'
*.log_archive_max_processes=10
*.log_file_name_convert='/u01/data/primary/arc','/u01/data/primary/arc'
*.nls_date_format='YYYY-MM-DD hh24:mi:ss'
*.nls_language='SIMPLIFIED CHINESE'
*.nls_territory='CHINA'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=1669332992
*.processes=1000
*.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'
*.sessions=1105
*.sga_target=1610612736
*.standby_file_management='auto'
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS01'
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6、配置主库和备库中的监听服务和tnsnames.ora
主库：注意listener.ora文件中的SID_NAME是大小写敏感的，笔者因为忽略了这个问题，导致配置监听和启动监听成功后，一致不能远程登录...
[oracle@localhost admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0.5/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PRIMARY)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = primary)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.26.29.2)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
)
)
[oracle@localhost admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
names.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
STANDBY =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.26.29.4)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = primary)
)
)
EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = PLSExtProc)
(PRESENTATION = RO)
)
)
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备库
[oracle@tam admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0.5/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PRIMARY)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = primary)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.26.29.4)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
)
)
[oracle@tam admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
PRIMARY =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.26.29.2)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = primary)
)
)
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配置完成后，尝试从两台服务器以sysdba身份互相访问
主库：
[oracle@localhost admin]$ sqlplus sys/sys@standby as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Feb 22 10:16:26 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
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备库：
[oracle@tam admin]$ sqlplus sys/sys@primary as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Feb 22 10:15:17 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
复制代码
7、启动备库
[oracle@tam dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Feb 22 10:19:00 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SYS@PRIMARY>startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1603411968 bytes
Fixed Size 2213776 bytes
Variable Size 402655344 bytes
Database Buffers 1191182336 bytes
Redo Buffers 7360512 bytes
SYS@PRIMARY>alter database mount standby database;
Database altered.
SYS@PRIMARY>alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
Database altered.
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8、验证
主库中创建一个表，并插入若凡数据后，备库中能够同步出这些数据，则认为DG实施成功
主库：
[oracle@localhost admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Feb 22 10:28:14 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SYS@PRIMARY>create table test(id number);
Table created.
SYS@PRIMARY>for i in 1..10 loop
SP2-0734: unknown command beginning "for i in 1..." - rest of line ignored.
SYS@PRIMARY>begin
2 for i in 1..10 loop
3 insert into test values(i);
4 end loop;
5 commit;
6 end;
7 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SYS@PRIMARY>select * from test;
ID
----------
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
10 rows selected.
SYS@PRIMARY>alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SYS@PRIMARY>/
System altered.
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备库：
SYS@PRIMARY>select name,database_role from v$database;
NAME DATABASE_ROLE
--------- ----------------
PRIMARY PHYSICAL STANDBY
SYS@PRIMARY>select sequence#,first_time,next_time from v$archived_log;
SEQUENCE# FIRST_TIME NEXT_TIME
---------- ------------ ------------
15 20-FEB-12 20-FEB-12
8 20-FEB-12 20-FEB-12
10 20-FEB-12 20-FEB-12
9 20-FEB-12 20-FEB-12
11 20-FEB-12 20-FEB-12
13 20-FEB-12 20-FEB-12
7 20-FEB-12 20-FEB-12
14 20-FEB-12 20-FEB-12
12 20-FEB-12 20-FEB-12
18 21-FEB-12 21-FEB-12
20 21-FEB-12 21-FEB-12
......
SYS@PRIMARY>alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
Database altered.
SYS@PRIMARY>alter database open read only;
Database altered.
SYS@PRIMARY>select * from test;
ID
----------
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
10 rows selected.
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至此，配置完毕
总结
想要玩好oracle的Data Guard、RAC、Golden Gate等高端软件，主要在于细心与耐心。
所谓细心，就是认真读取文档，认真配置各项参数和文件；所谓耐心，就是出现错误后，要认真预读alert log好trace文件，找到错误原因，即使去网上求助，一项一项排除。笔者首次不是DG时，确实遇到不少问题，就是靠逐步啃日志文件解决的
摘自 所好者道也
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