查看数据库服务启动时间。

#两个方法
SELECT pg_postmaster_start_time();
#格式化代码
SELECT date_trunc('second',current_timestamp - pg_postmaster_start_time()) as "PostgreSQLServiceUpTime";

查看服务已运行时间。

SELECT current_timestamp - pg_postmaster_start_time() as "ServiceStartTime";
#格式化代码
SELECT date_trunc('second',current_timestamp - pg_postmaster_start_time()) as "UpTime";

查看当前数据库存储空间占用情况。

SELECT pg_database_size(current_database());

查看表行数。

#根据实际情况修改表名
SELECT count(*) FROM "public"."CN";

查询数据库扩展模块信息。

SELECT * FROM pg_extension;

本文测试环境输出结果如下。

postgres=# SELECT * FROM pg_extension;extname | extowner | extnamespace | extrelocatable | extversion | extconfig | extcondition
---------+----------+--------------+----------------+------------+-----------+--------------plpgsql |       10 |           11 | f              | 1.0        |           |
(1 row)postgres=#

使用'\x'选项有如下类似结果输出。

postgres=# SELECT * FROM pg_extension;
-[ RECORD 1 ]--+--------
extname        | plpgsql
extowner       | 10
extnamespace   | 11
extrelocatable | f
extversion     | 1.0
extconfig      |
extcondition   |

更改会话参数。例如：

set work_mem = '32MB';

部分代码和结果。

postgres=# set work_mem = '32MB';
SET
postgres=# set local work_mem = '16MB';
WARNING:  SET LOCAL can only be used in transaction blocks
SET
postgres=# reset all;
RESET
postgres=#
postgres=#
postgres=# set work_mem = '32MB';
SET
postgres=#
postgres=# select name,setting,reset_val,source from pg_settings where source ='session';
-[ RECORD 1 ]-------
name      | work_mem
setting   | 32768
reset_val | 4096
source    | sessionpostgres=#

查看配置文件。

postgres=# show config_file;config_file
------------------------------------------/etc/postgresql/9.5/main/postgresql.conf
(1 row)postgres=# \x
Expanded display is on.
postgres=# show config_file;
-[ RECORD 1 ]-----------------------------------------
config_file | /etc/postgresql/9.5/main/postgresql.confpostgres=#

该方法还可以查询hba_file和ident_file等配置文件信息。

列出所有参数。

SELECT name,source,setting FROM pg_settings order by 2,1;

结果太长不予列出。例如：

postgres=# SELECT name,source,setting FROM pg_settings where source !='default' and source !='ove
rride' order by 2,1;name            |        source        |                 setting
----------------------------+----------------------+------------------------------------------application_name           | client               | psqlclient_encoding            | client               | UTF8DateStyle                  | configuration file   | ISO, MDYdefault_text_search_config | configuration file   | pg_catalog.englishdynamic_shared_memory_type | configuration file   | posixexternal_pid_file          | configuration file   | /var/run/postgresql/9.5-main.pidlc_messages                | configuration file   | en_US.UTF-8lc_monetary                | configuration file   | en_US.UTF-8lc_numeric                 | configuration file   | en_US.UTF-8lc_time                    | configuration file   | en_US.UTF-8log_line_prefix            | configuration file   | %t [%p-%l] %q%u@%dlog_timezone               | configuration file   | PRCmax_connections            | configuration file   | 100port                       | configuration file   | 5432shared_buffers             | configuration file   | 16384ssl                        | configuration file   | onssl_cert_file              | configuration file   | /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pemssl_key_file               | configuration file   | /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.keystats_temp_directory       | configuration file   | /var/run/postgresql/9.5-main.pg_stat_tmpTimeZone                   | configuration file   | PRCunix_socket_directories    | configuration file   | /var/run/postgresqlmax_stack_depth            | environment variable | 2048
(22 rows)postgres=#

PostgreSQL扩展或模块可以通过手动下载源代码编译和在PGXN(PostgreSQL扩展网，网址为 http://pgxn.org/ )安装，也可以通过系统自带软件管理器下载安装。

管理员权限账号重新加载配置文件。

postgres=# select pg_reload_conf();pg_reload_conf
----------------t
(1 row)postgres=#

配置用户连接数。本文测试用户是test，请以本机实际情况为准。修改连接数不影响现有连接。

#-1为解除限制，该值可以超过数据库最大连接数，取决于实际需要
ALTER ROLE test CONNECTION LIMIT 1;

创建表和查看表结构信息练习。

test=# create table student (
test(# studentid int primary key,
test(# studentname varchar(30),
test(# studentage int
test(# );
CREATE TABLE
test=# \d关联列表架构模式 |  名称   |  类型  |  拥有者
----------+---------+--------+----------public   | student | 数据表 | postgres
(1 行记录)test=#
test=#
test=# \d student数据表 "public.student"栏位     |         类型          | 修饰词
-------------+-----------------------+--------studentid   | integer               | 非空studentname | character varying(30) |studentage  | integer               |
索引："student_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (studentid)test=#test=# \d关联列表架构模式 |  名称   |  类型  |  拥有者
----------+---------+--------+----------public   | student | 数据表 | postgres
(1 行记录)test=#
test=#
test=# \d student数据表 "public.student"栏位     |         类型          | 修饰词
-------------+-----------------------+--------studentid   | integer               | 非空studentname | character varying(30) |studentage  | integer               |
索引："student_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (studentid)test=#
test=# insert into student values(1,'顾留芳',7),(2,'林业平',6),(3,'徐长卿',7);
INSERT 0 3
test=#
test=# select studentid,studentname,studentage from student;studentid | studentname | studentage
-----------+-------------+------------1 | 顾留芳       |          72 | 林业平       |          63 | 徐长卿       |          7
(3 行记录)test=##批量更新数据
test=# update student set studentage =6;
UPDATE 3
test=#
test=# select studentid,studentname,studentage from student;studentid | studentname | studentage
-----------+-------------+------------1 | 顾留芳       |          62 | 林业平       |          63 | 徐长卿       |          6
(3 行记录)test=#