Openstack api 使用方法

为什么80%的码农都做不了架构师？>>>

openstack官方有提供api供开发者使用，可以使用api做一些外围的小工具，用来简化对openstack的管理。本篇主要讲解api中使用GET方法的接口，其余的POST、DELETE方法以后介绍。

api-quickstart:http://docs.openstack.org/api/quick-start/content/index.html

api-doc:http://api.openstack.org/api-ref.html

环境：ubuntu12.10(10.1.1.186)

如果你看了官方的quickstart，他会让你先生成一个X-Auth-Token值，然后使用这个认证的值调用相关的api接口。如下过程：

curl -k -X 'POST' -v http://10.1.1.186:5000/v2.0/tokens -d '{"auth":{"passwordCredentials":{"username": "guol", "password":"123456"}}}' -H 'Content-type: application/json' | python -mjson.tool

输出结果如下：

{"access": {"serviceCatalog": {}, "token": {"expires": "2013-01-27T04:55:35Z", "id": "a4b6a871ff2f41a797c0b7d45c69f81e"}, "user": {"id": "4c1a6122fc874a8bb541a34be3b316ad", "name": "guol", "roles": [], "roles_links": [], "username": "guol"}}
}

然后使用token id调用你使用的api

curl -X 'GET' -H  "X-Auth-Token:a4b6a871ff2f41a797c0b7d45c69f81e" -v http://10.1.1.186:5000/v2.0/tenants | python -mjson.tool

输出的结果如下：

{"tenants": [{"description": "\u4e91\u5e73\u53f0\u7ba1\u7406\u5458,\u5168\u5c40\u7ba1\u7406\u6240\u6709\u9879\u76ee", "enabled": true, "id": "3a3613f83183435d9c47aa362261f720", "name": "admin"}], "tenants_links": []
}

当你按照api-doc接着调用compute、image、volume等下面的api接口时，会发现统统没有返回值，经过一段时间的摸索，发现对下剩下的api接口是需要使用认证过的token才能使用的，下面的方法才是王道。

获取认证token值

curl -X POST -d  '{"auth": {"tenantName": "VM", "passwordCredentials":{"username": "admin", "password": "123456"}}}' -H "Content-type: application/json" http://10.1.1.186:35357/v2.0/tokens | python -mjson.tool

返回值如下：

{"access": {"metadata": {"is_admin": 0, "roles": ["141927156f7a47d98858e51febaea8cf"]}, "serviceCatalog": [{"endpoints": [{"adminURL": "http://10.1.1.186:8774/v2/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671", "id": "e02aaf58a24641049fddfe7385ce9399", "internalURL": "http://10.1.1.186:8774/v2/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671", "publicURL": "http://10.1.1.186:8774/v2/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671", "region": "RegionOne"}], "endpoints_links": [], "name": "nova", "type": "compute"}, {"endpoints": [{"adminURL": "http://10.1.1.186:9292/v1", "id": "7c48fa4d876d44e0a3cb324a45a14931", "internalURL": "http://10.1.1.186:9292/v1", "publicURL": "http://10.1.1.186:9292/v1", "region": "RegionOne"}], "endpoints_links": [], "name": "glance", "type": "image"}, {"endpoints": [{"adminURL": "http://10.1.1.186:8776/v1/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671", "id": "c08114987bc0443d879436db6290dd08", "internalURL": "http://10.1.1.186:8776/v1/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671", "publicURL": "http://10.1.1.186:8776/v1/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671", "region": "RegionOne"}], "endpoints_links": [], "name": "volume", "type": "volume"}, {"endpoints": [{"adminURL": "http://10.1.1.186:8773/services/Admin", "id": "cd6c3c2ac44340d6a78cb903ec9bcab3", "internalURL": "http://10.1.1.186:8773/services/Cloud", "publicURL": "http://10.1.1.186:8773/services/Cloud", "region": "RegionOne"}], "endpoints_links": [], "name": "ec2", "type": "ec2"}, {"endpoints": [{"adminURL": "http://10.1.1.186:8080/v1", "id": "a75755093500441ea954f4874ccecf15", "internalURL": "http://10.1.1.186:8080/v1/AUTH_170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671", "publicURL": "http://10.1.1.186:8080/v1/AUTH_170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671", "region": "RegionOne"}], "endpoints_links": [], "name": "swift", "type": "object-store"}, {"endpoints": [{"adminURL": "http://10.1.1.186:35357/v2.0", "id": "196e553f9bcc4c8fa425bc0fa28a144b", "internalURL": "http://10.1.1.186:5000/v2.0", "publicURL": "http://10.1.1.186:5000/v2.0", "region": "RegionOne"}], "endpoints_links": [], "name": "keystone", "type": "identity"}], "token": {"expires": "2013-01-27T05:06:50Z", "id": "71fb5b7816804febbd89ed315fe67c94", "tenant": {"description": "\u6240\u6709\u516c\u53f8\u81ea\u4e3b\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u524d\u7aef\u53d1\u5e03\u673a,\u5982\u8d5b\u5c14\u53f7,\u529f\u592b\u7b49", "enabled": true, "id": "170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671", "name": "VM"}}, "user": {"id": "24a2251c32504957ad2647c2448ffac3", "name": "admin", "roles": [{"name": "\u524d\u7aef\u6e38\u620f"}], "roles_links": [], "username": "admin"}}
}

使用返回的token id和tenant id调用api返回该tenant下的servers

curl -X GET -H "X-Auth-Token:71fb5b7816804febbd89ed315fe67c94" -H "Content-type: application/json" http://10.1.1.186:8774/v2/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671/servers | python -mjson.tool

返回结果如下

{"servers": [{"id": "ac561829-dffa-443e-a321-260d48f4cba3", "links": [{"href": "http://10.1.1.186:8774/v2/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671/servers/ac561829-dffa-443e-a321-260d48f4cba3", "rel": "self"}, {"href": "http://10.1.1.186:8774/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671/servers/ac561829-dffa-443e-a321-260d48f4cba3", "rel": "bookmark"}], "name": "VM1"}, {"id": "e3b84378-7598-48c8-8a1d-bd555c4c1f90", "links": [{"href": "http://10.1.1.186:8774/v2/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671/servers/e3b84378-7598-48c8-8a1d-bd555c4c1f90", "rel": "self"}, {"href": "http://10.1.1.186:8774/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671/servers/e3b84378-7598-48c8-8a1d-bd555c4c1f90", "rel": "bookmark"}], "name": "VM2"}, {"id": "beafef2e-26c4-4320-9b45-70006e71785c", "links": [{"href": "http://10.1.1.186:8774/v2/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671/servers/beafef2e-26c4-4320-9b45-70006e71785c", "rel": "self"}, {"href": "http://10.1.1.186:8774/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671/servers/beafef2e-26c4-4320-9b45-70006e71785c", "rel": "bookmark"}], "name": "VM3"}, {"id": "f8450270-9d96-4dba-b1c2-8ebcef1ff012", "links": [{"href": "http://10.1.1.186:8774/v2/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671/servers/f8450270-9d96-4dba-b1c2-8ebcef1ff012", "rel": "self"}, {"href": "http://10.1.1.186:8774/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671/servers/f8450270-9d96-4dba-b1c2-8ebcef1ff012", "rel": "bookmark"}], "name": "VM4"}]
}

通过返回值可以看到vm tenant中共包含VM1 VM2 VM3 VM4四台实例。

下面附上一个python调用api获取特定tenant下运行实例的脚本

#!/usr/bin/python
import base64,urllib,httplib,json,os
from urlparse import urlparseurl1="10.1.1.186:35357"
params1 = '{"auth": {"tenantName": "tenant-name", "passwordCredentials":{"username": "admin", "password": "123456"}}}'
headers1 = {"Content-Type": 'application/json'}
conn1 = httplib.HTTPConnection(url1)
conn1.request("POST","/v2.0/tokens",params1,headers1)
response1 = conn1.getresponse()
data1 = response1.read()
dd1 = json.loads(data1)
conn1.close()apitoken = dd1['access']['token']['id']
apitenant= dd1['access']['token']['tenant']['id']
apiurl = dd1['access']['serviceCatalog'][0]['endpoints'][0]['publicURL']
apiurlt = urlparse(dd1['access']['serviceCatalog'][0]['endpoints'][0]['publicURL'])url2 = apiurlt[1]
params2 = urllib.urlencode({})
headers2 = { "X-Auth-Token":apitoken, "Content-type":"application/json" }
conn2 = httplib.HTTPConnection(url2)
conn2.request("GET", "%s/servers" % apiurlt[2], params2, headers2)
response2 = conn2.getresponse()
data2 = response2.read()
dd2 = json.loads(data2)
conn2.close()
for i in range(len(dd2['servers'])):print dd2['servers'][i]['name']

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/guol/blog/105430

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