以下方法是从其他地方收集而来，并加以修改的结果。

头文件 bmp_image.h

#ifndef _LI_BITMAP_H_
#define _LI_BITMAP_H_
#pragma pack(push, 1)
typedef unsigned char  U8;
typedef unsigned short U16;
typedef unsigned int   U32;
typedef struct tagBITMAPFILEHEADER{U16 bfType;U32 bfSize;U16 bfReserved1;U16 bfReserved2;U32 bfOffBits;
} BITMAPFILEHEADER;typedef struct tagBITMAPINFOHEADER{U32 biSize;U32 biWidth;U32 biHeight;U16 biPlanes;U16 biBitCount;U32 biCompression;U32 biSizeImage;U32 biXPelsPerMeter;U32 biYPelsPerMeter;U32 biClrUsed;U32 biClrImportant;
} BITMAPINFOHEADER;typedef struct tagRGBQUAD{U8 rgbBlue;U8 rgbGreen;U8 rgbRed;U8 rgbReserved;
} RGBQUAD;typedef struct tagBITMAPINFO{BITMAPINFOHEADER bmiHeader;RGBQUAD bmiColors[1];
} BITMAPINFO;#pragma pack(pop)
#endif

main.c

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "bmp_image.h" // bmp_image header file.
#define HEIGHT 640
#define WIDTH 480
//生成BMP图片(无颜色表的位图):在RGB(A)位图数据的基础上加上文件信息头和位图信息头
int GenBmpFile(U8 *pData, U8 bitCountPerPix, U32 width, U32 height, const char *filename);
//获取BMP文件的位图数据(无颜色表的位图):丢掉BMP文件的文件信息头和位图信息头，获取其RGB(A)位图数据
U8* GetBmpData(U8 *bitCountPerPix, U32 *width, U32 *height, const char* filename);
//释放GetBmpData分配的空间
void FreeBmpData(U8 *pdata);
//生成BMP图片(无颜色表的位图):在RGB(A)位图数据的基础上加上文件信息头和位图信息头
int GenBmpFile(U8 *pData, U8 bitCountPerPix, U32 width, U32 height, const char *filename)
{      FILE *fp;errno_t err;err = fopen_s(&fp,filename, "wb");if(err)      {          printf("fopen failed : %s, %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);return 0;}U32 bmppitch = ((width*bitCountPerPix + 31) >> 5) << 2;U32 filesize = bmppitch*height;BITMAPFILE bmpfile;bmpfile.bfHeader.bfType = 0x4D42;bmpfile.bfHeader.bfSize = filesize + sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER) + sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER);bmpfile.bfHeader.bfReserved1 = 0;bmpfile.bfHeader.bfReserved2 = 0;bmpfile.bfHeader.bfOffBits = sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER) + sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER);bmpfile.biInfo.bmiHeader.biSize = sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER);bmpfile.biInfo.bmiHeader.biWidth = width;bmpfile.biInfo.bmiHeader.biHeight = height;bmpfile.biInfo.bmiHeader.biPlanes = 1;bmpfile.biInfo.bmiHeader.biBitCount = bitCountPerPix;bmpfile.biInfo.bmiHeader.biCompression = 0;bmpfile.biInfo.bmiHeader.biSizeImage = 0;bmpfile.biInfo.bmiHeader.biXPelsPerMeter = 0;bmpfile.biInfo.bmiHeader.biYPelsPerMeter = 0;bmpfile.biInfo.bmiHeader.biClrUsed = 0;bmpfile.biInfo.bmiHeader.biClrImportant = 0;fwrite(&(bmpfile.bfHeader), sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER), 1, fp);fwrite(&(bmpfile.biInfo.bmiHeader), sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER), 1, fp);U8 *pEachLinBuf = (U8*)malloc(bmppitch);memset(pEachLinBuf, 0, bmppitch);U8 BytePerPix = bitCountPerPix >> 3;U32 pitch = width * BytePerPix;if(pEachLinBuf)      {          int h,w;for(h = height-1; h >= 0;h--)          {              for(w = 0; w < (int)width; w++)              {                 //copy by a pixel                  pEachLinBuf[w*BytePerPix+0] = pData[h*pitch + w*BytePerPix + 0];pEachLinBuf[w*BytePerPix+1] = pData[h*pitch + w*BytePerPix + 1];pEachLinBuf[w*BytePerPix+2] = pData[h*pitch + w*BytePerPix + 2];}fwrite(pEachLinBuf, bmppitch, 1, fp);}free(pEachLinBuf);}fclose(fp);return 1;}//获取BMP文件的位图数据(无颜色表的位图):丢掉BMP文件的文件信息头和位图信息头，获取其RGB(A)位图数据
U8* GetBmpData(U8 *bitCountPerPix, U32 *width, U32 *height, const char* filename)  {     FILE *pf;errno_t err;err = fopen_s(&pf,filename, "rb");if(err)                   {         printf("fopen failed : %s, %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);return NULL;}BITMAPFILE bmpfile;fread(&(bmpfile.bfHeader), sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER), 1, pf);fread(&(bmpfile.biInfo.bmiHeader), sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER), 1, pf);// add by yuegy//print_bmfh(bmpfile.bfHeader);//print_bmih(bmpfile.biInfo.bmiHeader);if(bitCountPerPix)      {          *bitCountPerPix = (U8)bmpfile.biInfo.bmiHeader.biBitCount;}if(width)      {          *width = bmpfile.biInfo.bmiHeader.biWidth;}if(height)      {          *height = bmpfile.biInfo.bmiHeader.biHeight;}U32 bmppicth = (((*width)*(*bitCountPerPix) + 31) >> 5) << 2;U8 *pdata = (U8*)malloc((*height)*bmppicth);U8 *pEachLinBuf = (U8*)malloc(bmppicth);memset(pEachLinBuf, 0, bmppicth);U8 BytePerPix = (*bitCountPerPix) >> 3;U32 pitch = (*width) * BytePerPix;if(pdata && pEachLinBuf)      {          int w, h;for(h = (*height) - 1;h >= 0;h--)          {              fread(pEachLinBuf, bmppicth, 1, pf);for(w = 0;w < (int)(*width);w++)              {                  pdata[h*pitch + w*BytePerPix + 0] = pEachLinBuf[w*BytePerPix+0];pdata[h*pitch + w*BytePerPix + 1] = pEachLinBuf[w*BytePerPix+1];pdata[h*pitch + w*BytePerPix + 2] = pEachLinBuf[w*BytePerPix+2];}}free(pEachLinBuf);}fclose(pf);return pdata;
}//释放GetBmpData分配的空间
void FreeBmpData(U8 *pdata)  {      if(pdata)      {          free(pdata);pdata = NULL;}
}/*** 定义颜色结构体*/
typedef struct _LI_RGB  {      U8 b;U8 g;U8 r;
}LI_RGB;/*** 画点* pRGB 指针* position 点坐标* iImageH 图像高*/
void drawPoint(LI_RGB* pRGB, POINT position, int iImageH)
{LI_RGB* tmp = pRGB+(position.y-m_FaceInfo.headArea.top-1)*iImageH+(position.x-m_FaceInfo.headArea.left-1);tmp->r = 255;tmp->g = 66;tmp->b = 51;
}int main(char argc, char *argv[])  {
//#if 1      //test one      LI_RGB pRGB[WIDTH][HEIGHT];// 定义位图数据      memset(pRGB, 0, sizeof(pRGB) );// 设置背景为黑色    int itemp = sizeof(pRGB);// 在中间画一个10*10的矩形      int i=0, j=0;for(i = 0; i < WIDTH; i++)      {          for( j = 0;j < 1; j++)          {              pRGB[i][j].b = 0xff;pRGB[i][j].g = 0x00;pRGB[i][j].r = 0x00;}}GenBmpFile((U8*)pRGB, 24, WIDTH, HEIGHT, "out.bmp");
//生成BMP文件
//#endif
//#if 1      //test two
//    U8 bitCountPerPix;
//      U32 width, height;
//      U8 *pdata = GetBmpData(&bitCountPerPix, &width, &height, "in.bmp");
//      if(pdata)
//    {
//        GenBmpFile(pdata, bitCountPerPix, width, height, "out1.bmp");
//          FreeBmpData(pdata);
//      }
//#endif             return 0;
}