安全不安全002：C#实现RSA算法加密解密

通过前面的文章我们学会了如何生成公钥和私钥，详见这篇文章：https://blog.csdn.net/yysyangyangyangshan/article/details/80368397。

那么，我们来看在C#中如何实现RSA加密解密。直接上代码，如下类是RSA算法实现的加密，加解密，签名以及签名的验证。

   /// <summary>  /// 类名：RSACrypt  /// 功能：RSA加密、解密、签名、验签  /// </summary>  public sealed class RSACrypt{/// <summary>  /// 签名  /// </summary>  /// <param name="content">待签名字符串</param>  /// <param name="privateKey">私钥</param>  /// <param name="input_charset">编码格式</param>  /// <returns>签名后字符串</returns>  public static string sign(string content, string privateKey, string input_charset){byte[] Data = Encoding.GetEncoding(input_charset).GetBytes(content);RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = DecodePemPrivateKey(privateKey);SHA1 sh = new SHA1CryptoServiceProvider();byte[] signData = rsa.SignData(Data, sh);return Convert.ToBase64String(signData);}/// <summary>  /// 验签  /// </summary>  /// <param name="content">待验签字符串</param>  /// <param name="signedString">签名</param>  /// <param name="publicKey">公钥</param>  /// <param name="input_charset">编码格式</param>  /// <returns>true(通过)，false(不通过)</returns>  public static bool verify(string content, string signedString, string publicKey, string input_charset){bool result = false;byte[] Data = Encoding.GetEncoding(input_charset).GetBytes(content);byte[] data = Convert.FromBase64String(signedString);RSAParameters paraPub = ConvertFromPublicKey(publicKey);RSACryptoServiceProvider rsaPub = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();rsaPub.ImportParameters(paraPub);SHA1 sh = new SHA1CryptoServiceProvider();result = rsaPub.VerifyData(Data, sh, data);return result;}/// <summary>  /// 加密  /// </summary>  /// <param name="resData">需要加密的字符串</param>  /// <param name="publicKey">公钥</param>  /// <param name="input_charset">编码格式</param>  /// <returns>明文</returns>  public static string encryptData(string resData, string publicKey, string input_charset){byte[] DataToEncrypt = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(resData);string result = encrypt(DataToEncrypt, publicKey, input_charset);return result;}/// <summary>  /// 解密  /// </summary>  /// <param name="resData">加密字符串</param>  /// <param name="privateKey">私钥</param>  /// <param name="input_charset">编码格式</param>  /// <returns>明文</returns>  public static string decryptData(string resData, string privateKey, string input_charset){byte[] DataToDecrypt = Convert.FromBase64String(resData);string result = "";for (int j = 0; j < DataToDecrypt.Length / 128; j++){byte[] buf = new byte[128];for (int i = 0; i < 128; i++){buf[i] = DataToDecrypt[i + 128 * j];}result += decrypt(buf, privateKey, input_charset);}return result;}private static string encrypt(byte[] data, string publicKey, string input_charset){RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = DecodePemPublicKey(publicKey);SHA1 sh = new SHA1CryptoServiceProvider();byte[] result = rsa.Encrypt(data, false);return Convert.ToBase64String(result);}private static string decrypt(byte[] data, string privateKey, string input_charset){string result = "";RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = DecodePemPrivateKey(privateKey);SHA1 sh = new SHA1CryptoServiceProvider();byte[] source = rsa.Decrypt(data, false);char[] asciiChars = new char[Encoding.GetEncoding(input_charset).GetCharCount(source, 0, source.Length)];Encoding.GetEncoding(input_charset).GetChars(source, 0, source.Length, asciiChars, 0);result = new string(asciiChars);return result;}private static RSACryptoServiceProvider DecodePemPublicKey(String pemstr){byte[] pkcs8publickkey;pkcs8publickkey = Convert.FromBase64String(pemstr);if (pkcs8publickkey != null){RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = DecodeRSAPublicKey(pkcs8publickkey);return rsa;}elsereturn null;}private static RSACryptoServiceProvider DecodePemPrivateKey(String pemstr){byte[] pkcs8privatekey;pkcs8privatekey = Convert.FromBase64String(pemstr);if (pkcs8privatekey != null){RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = DecodePrivateKeyInfo(pkcs8privatekey);return rsa;}elsereturn null;}private static RSACryptoServiceProvider DecodePrivateKeyInfo(byte[] pkcs8){byte[] SeqOID = { 0x30, 0x0D, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2A, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xF7, 0x0D, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x05, 0x00 };byte[] seq = new byte[15];MemoryStream mem = new MemoryStream(pkcs8);int lenstream = (int)mem.Length;BinaryReader binr = new BinaryReader(mem);   byte bt = 0;ushort twobytes = 0;try{twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16();if (twobytes == 0x8130)   binr.ReadByte();   else if (twobytes == 0x8230)binr.ReadInt16(); elsereturn null;bt = binr.ReadByte();if (bt != 0x02)return null;twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16();if (twobytes != 0x0001)return null;seq = binr.ReadBytes(15); if (!CompareBytearrays(seq, SeqOID)) return null;bt = binr.ReadByte();if (bt != 0x04) return null;bt = binr.ReadByte();if (bt == 0x81)binr.ReadByte();elseif (bt == 0x82)binr.ReadUInt16();byte[] rsaprivkey = binr.ReadBytes((int)(lenstream - mem.Position));RSACryptoServiceProvider rsacsp = DecodeRSAPrivateKey(rsaprivkey);return rsacsp;}catch (Exception){return null;}finally { binr.Close(); }}private static bool CompareBytearrays(byte[] a, byte[] b){if (a.Length != b.Length)return false;int i = 0;foreach (byte c in a){if (c != b[i])return false;i++;}return true;}private static RSACryptoServiceProvider DecodeRSAPublicKey(byte[] publickey){byte[] SeqOID = { 0x30, 0x0D, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2A, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xF7, 0x0D, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x05, 0x00 };byte[] seq = new byte[15];MemoryStream mem = new MemoryStream(publickey);BinaryReader binr = new BinaryReader(mem); byte bt = 0;ushort twobytes = 0;try{twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16();if (twobytes == 0x8130) binr.ReadByte(); else if (twobytes == 0x8230)binr.ReadInt16(); elsereturn null;seq = binr.ReadBytes(15); if (!CompareBytearrays(seq, SeqOID)) return null;twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16();if (twobytes == 0x8103) binr.ReadByte(); else if (twobytes == 0x8203)binr.ReadInt16(); elsereturn null;bt = binr.ReadByte();if (bt != 0x00) return null;twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16();if (twobytes == 0x8130) binr.ReadByte();else if (twobytes == 0x8230)binr.ReadInt16();elsereturn null;twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16();byte lowbyte = 0x00;byte highbyte = 0x00;if (twobytes == 0x8102) lowbyte = binr.ReadByte();else if (twobytes == 0x8202){highbyte = binr.ReadByte();lowbyte = binr.ReadByte();}elsereturn null;byte[] modint = { lowbyte, highbyte, 0x00, 0x00 }; int modsize = BitConverter.ToInt32(modint, 0);byte firstbyte = binr.ReadByte();binr.BaseStream.Seek(-1, SeekOrigin.Current);if (firstbyte == 0x00){   binr.ReadByte();   modsize -= 1;  }byte[] modulus = binr.ReadBytes(modsize);  if (binr.ReadByte() != 0x02)  return null;int expbytes = (int)binr.ReadByte();   byte[] exponent = binr.ReadBytes(expbytes);RSACryptoServiceProvider RSA = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();RSAParameters RSAKeyInfo = new RSAParameters();RSAKeyInfo.Modulus = modulus;RSAKeyInfo.Exponent = exponent;RSA.ImportParameters(RSAKeyInfo);return RSA;}catch (Exception){return null;}finally { binr.Close(); }}private static RSACryptoServiceProvider DecodeRSAPrivateKey(byte[] privkey){byte[] MODULUS, E, D, P, Q, DP, DQ, IQ;MemoryStream mem = new MemoryStream(privkey);BinaryReader binr = new BinaryReader(mem); byte bt = 0;ushort twobytes = 0;int elems = 0;try{twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16();if (twobytes == 0x8130)  binr.ReadByte(); else if (twobytes == 0x8230)binr.ReadInt16();  elsereturn null;twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16();if (twobytes != 0x0102) return null;bt = binr.ReadByte();if (bt != 0x00)return null;elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);MODULUS = binr.ReadBytes(elems);elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);E = binr.ReadBytes(elems);elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);D = binr.ReadBytes(elems);elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);P = binr.ReadBytes(elems);elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);Q = binr.ReadBytes(elems);elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);DP = binr.ReadBytes(elems);elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);DQ = binr.ReadBytes(elems);elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);IQ = binr.ReadBytes(elems);RSACryptoServiceProvider RSA = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();RSAParameters RSAparams = new RSAParameters();RSAparams.Modulus = MODULUS;RSAparams.Exponent = E;RSAparams.D = D;RSAparams.P = P;RSAparams.Q = Q;RSAparams.DP = DP;RSAparams.DQ = DQ;RSAparams.InverseQ = IQ;RSA.ImportParameters(RSAparams);return RSA;}catch (Exception){return null;}finally { binr.Close(); }}private static int GetIntegerSize(BinaryReader binr){byte bt = 0;byte lowbyte = 0x00;byte highbyte = 0x00;int count = 0;bt = binr.ReadByte();if (bt != 0x02) return 0;bt = binr.ReadByte();if (bt == 0x81)count = binr.ReadByte(); elseif (bt == 0x82){highbyte = binr.ReadByte(); lowbyte = binr.ReadByte();byte[] modint = { lowbyte, highbyte, 0x00, 0x00 };count = BitConverter.ToInt32(modint, 0);}else{count = bt;  }while (binr.ReadByte() == 0x00){  count -= 1;}binr.BaseStream.Seek(-1, SeekOrigin.Current);       return count;}private static RSAParameters ConvertFromPublicKey(string pemFileConent){byte[] keyData = Convert.FromBase64String(pemFileConent);if (keyData.Length < 162){throw new ArgumentException("pem file content is incorrect.");}byte[] pemModulus = new byte[128];byte[] pemPublicExponent = new byte[3];Array.Copy(keyData, 29, pemModulus, 0, 128);Array.Copy(keyData, 159, pemPublicExponent, 0, 3);RSAParameters para = new RSAParameters();para.Modulus = pemModulus;para.Exponent = pemPublicExponent;return para;}private static RSAParameters ConvertFromPrivateKey(string pemFileConent){byte[] keyData = Convert.FromBase64String(pemFileConent);if (keyData.Length < 609){throw new ArgumentException("pem file content is incorrect.");}int index = 11;byte[] pemModulus = new byte[128];Array.Copy(keyData, index, pemModulus, 0, 128);index += 128;index += 2;byte[] pemPublicExponent = new byte[3];Array.Copy(keyData, index, pemPublicExponent, 0, 3);index += 3;index += 4;byte[] pemPrivateExponent = new byte[128];Array.Copy(keyData, index, pemPrivateExponent, 0, 128);index += 128;index += ((int)keyData[index + 1] == 64 ? 2 : 3);byte[] pemPrime1 = new byte[64];Array.Copy(keyData, index, pemPrime1, 0, 64);index += 64;index += ((int)keyData[index + 1] == 64 ? 2 : 3);//346  byte[] pemPrime2 = new byte[64];Array.Copy(keyData, index, pemPrime2, 0, 64);index += 64;index += ((int)keyData[index + 1] == 64 ? 2 : 3);byte[] pemExponent1 = new byte[64];Array.Copy(keyData, index, pemExponent1, 0, 64);index += 64;index += ((int)keyData[index + 1] == 64 ? 2 : 3);byte[] pemExponent2 = new byte[64];Array.Copy(keyData, index, pemExponent2, 0, 64);index += 64;index += ((int)keyData[index + 1] == 64 ? 2 : 3);byte[] pemCoefficient = new byte[64];Array.Copy(keyData, index, pemCoefficient, 0, 64);RSAParameters para = new RSAParameters();para.Modulus = pemModulus;para.Exponent = pemPublicExponent;para.D = pemPrivateExponent;para.P = pemPrime1;para.Q = pemPrime2;para.DP = pemExponent1;para.DQ = pemExponent2;para.InverseQ = pemCoefficient;return para;}}

测试代码如下，

    static void Main(string[] args){/**RSA加密测试,RSA中的密钥对通过SSL工具生成，生成命令如下： * 1 生成RSA私钥： * openssl genrsa -out rsa_private_key.pem 1024 *2 生成RSA公钥 * openssl rsa -in rsa_private_key.pem -pubout -out rsa_public_key.pem * * 3 将RSA私钥转换成PKCS8格式 * openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -inform PEM -in rsa_private_key.pem -outform PEM -nocrypt -out rsa_pub_pk8.pem * * 直接打开rsa_private_key.pem和rsa_pub_pk8.pem文件就可以获取密钥对内容，获取密钥对内容组成字符串时，注意将换行符删除 * *///rsa_pub_pk8.pem内容string privatekey = "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";//rsa_public_key.pem内容string publickey = "MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDLK6Hw+RE///HKM1zukQTao/ybdm7RpbQ2bvDTHtDWysx46vIC4wosNZwP3bmxEpzq8f6B3jZeqtcoxCWfVNi1S1FNjyKpC55xmjzrCTNUe9mSgKwyoGU/kHpR4FyXTgP02XkuDXXJrODlDQQg0UNrgbkA9BboLxdxkZLsp1tshQIDAQAB";//加密字符串  string data = "yangyoushan";Console.WriteLine("加密前字符串内容：" + data);//加密  string encrypteddata = RSACrypt.encryptData(data, publickey, "UTF-8");Console.WriteLine("加密后的字符串为：" + encrypteddata);Console.WriteLine("解密后的字符串内容：" + RSACrypt.decryptData(encrypteddata, privatekey, "UTF-8"));Console.WriteLine("*****我是分割线******");//解密  string endata = "VbOtmCuc8+8gKXbDyYHAVG6Hnoa7lCphMZePUmxaM7zQ0XD7oTcRY59xNo9xOpwG5YwjbEiHKcuANuKNBlPLkieX5yGSS8iOd1cki+DujqUtffHQicMegubh4vaPhvhBnOflUejtZH1xi2r2a2t8v9xQO+vmZc7gNJ91+3gtFuc=";string datamw = RSACrypt.decryptData(endata, privatekey, "UTF-8");Console.WriteLine("静态加密后的字符串为：" + endata);Console.WriteLine("解密后的字符串内容：" + datamw);//签名  string signdata = "20180522201658IMFINE";Console.WriteLine("签名前的字符串内容：" + signdata);string sign = RSACrypt.sign(signdata, privatekey, "UTF-8");Console.WriteLine("签名后的字符串：" + sign);string sourceSign = "VEAgvbHavdbOPYSP8jqxJPYTv/FV/Nl3MClHFBN4qvDRM3ixbOKpUY2P1w99edC29C4Q7qNY99jKYJucRM21mBf8RgEnsBqZVIzqnJYafIQ0AFCL7BpNAORM7uns+NxFj2Zse6Kr61lSpEvie1GCzo+iuYYvzPlMlz+W6nScp2A=";Console.WriteLine("生成的签名:" + sourceSign);bool realSign1 = RSACrypt.verify("20180522201658IMFINE", sign, publickey, "UTF-8");Console.WriteLine(realSign1);bool realSign2 = RSACrypt.verify("20180522201658IMFINEHAHA", sign, publickey, "UTF-8");Console.WriteLine(realSign2);Console.ReadLine();  }

执行结果如下，

除了算法比较复杂，代码逻辑并无复杂的地方，大家自行下载代码运行即可。

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