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1、galerjim 1 1 2DB 3DBMS 4DBS 23 1 2 3 3 4ER E-R 5 1 /offer - galerjim 2/ 3 Bhash 1 2 3 4 5DBMS 1/ ()() 2/ / /offer 4 4 - galerjim 1 2 3 6 1 2 13 1 2 3 2 Dm : D1D2Dn () D1D2Dn D1D2Dn d1d2dndii12nn Tupled1d2dnnn-tuple(Tuple)( )() Componentd1d2dndi Cardinal numberDii12nDiDi mii12nD1D2DnM A=a,b B=1,2,0 A。

2、B=, BA=, ab012M=2*3=6 D1D2Dn D1D2DnnRD1D2Dn /offer d1d1 D1D1 di di d1d1 - galerjim R nDegree 1t 2n=1Unary relationn=2 Binary relation 3 4(d1d2dn)(d2 d1 dn) (d1d2di dj dn =d1d2djdi dn i j = 12n Attributenn 5 3 FRRFSK FR 43 AR A FRSK RSRFF S 5 /offer F FR R F - galerjim 1RSnRSRS = t|t t 2R SnRSR -S = 。

3、t|tt 3RSnRSRS = t|t t RS = R (R-S 4R: nk1S: mk2RS 5Rt RtAi R(A1A2An)Rt RtRtAi tAi 6AtA A A=Ai1Ai2AikAi1Ai2AikA1A2AnA tA=(tAi1tAi2tAik)tAAA1A2 AnAi1Ai2Aik 7tr ts RnSmtr Rts Str tstr tsn + mn RnmSm 8Zx RXZXZtX=xxRImages SetZx=tZ|t tX=x RXxZ 9Restriction:R F(R) = t|t RF(t)= 10R A R 11 R S = | tr ts ABR。

4、S RSRSRASB /offer R RS = t|t S = t|t k2k2 Ai1Ai1 tAik)tAik) AikAik m m n n R R S = t|tS = t|t S = t|t S = t|t RSRS t R R AikAik t t R Rts ts X XZ Z X X AnAn m m tX=xtX=x RestrictionRestriction - galerjim RSAB R S = tr ts | tr RtsStrA = tsB RSB RS = tr ts| tr ts trB = tsB (Null) R(LEFT OUTER JOINLEFT。

5、 JOIN) S(RIGHT OUTER JOINRIGHT JOIN) 12R (XY) S (YZ)XYZRYSY RSP(X)PR X ()XxYxSY RS = tr X | tr Y (S) YxxRx =trX SQL 1SQL 1 2 3 4 5 2SQLSQL 1() SQL(Oracle) 1 CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION | CREATE SCHEMA TEST AUTHORIZATION ZHANG CREATE TABLE TAB1(COL1 SMALLINTCOL2 INT COL3 CHAR(20) COL4 NUMERIC(10 3) C。

6、OL5 DECIMAL(52) ZHANGTESTTAB1 DROP SCHEMA CASCADE() /offer YxYx - galerjim RESTRICT(); 2 CREATE TABLE - NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY: DEFAULT : Check :, NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY: DEFAULT : Check :, - UNIQUE() PRIMARY KEY () FOREIGN KEY () REFERENCES () Check() PRIMARY KEYUNIQUE “”Student CREATE TA。

7、BLE Student (Sno CHAR(9) PRIMARY KEY/*/ Sname CHAR(20) UNIQUE /* Sname*/ Ssex CHAR(2)Sage SMALLINTSdept CHAR(20) ALTER TABLE ADD DROP | /offer ) REFERENCES =20 and Sage SELECT * 0 0 _ _ FROM StudentFROM Student WHERE Sno = 200215121 WHERE Sno = 200215121 _ _ 3 3 - galerjim ISMACS SELECT SnameSsex FR。

8、OM Student WHERE Sdept IN ( ISMACS ) SELECT SnameSsex FROM Student WHERE Sdept= IS OR Sdept= MA OR Sdept= CS ORDER BY ASCDESC ASCDESC 3 SELECT SnoGrade FROM SC WHERE Cno= 3 ORDER BY Grade DESC COUNTDISTINCT|ALL * COUNTDISTINCT|ALL SUMDISTINCT|ALL AVGDISTINCT|ALL MAXDISTINCT|ALL MINDISTINCT|ALL 20021。

9、5012 SELECT SUM(Ccredit) FROM SCCourse WHER Sno=200215012 AND SC.Cno=Course.Cno; Count*,Where GROUP BY GROUP BY SELECT having 3 SELECT Sno FROM SC GROUP BY Sno HAVING COUNT(*) 3 39090 SELECT Sno, COUNT(*) FROM SC Where Grade 90 /offer DISTINCT|ALL =90 SELECT * StudentStudentF_Student DROP VIEW /offe。

10、r RDBMSRDBMS Sdept= ISSdept= IS SdeptSdept CREATE VIEW IS_S1(SnoCREATE VIEW IS_S1(Sno SELECT Student.SnoSELECT Student.Sno FROM StudentFROM Student WHERE Sdept= IS ANDWHERE Sdept= IS AND IS_StudentIS_Student SnameSnameGrade) SnameSname WHERE Sdept= IS ANDWHERE Sdept= IS AND Student.Sno=SC.Sno ANDStu。

11、dent.Sno=SC.Sno AND SdeptSdept IS Student.Sno=SC.Sno ANDStudent.Sno=SC.Sno AND CREATE VIEW IS_S2CREATE VIEW IS_S2 - galerjim CASCADE DROP VIEW BT_S DROP VIEW BT_S; IS_S1 DROP VIEW IS_S1 CASCADE; 2, SELECT View Resolution 20 SELECT SnoSage FROM IS_Student WHERE Sage, FROM ,. CASCADE|RESTRICT U4 REVOK。

12、E UPDATE(Sno) ON TABLE Student FROM U4; SC REVOKE SELECT ON TABLE SC FROM PUBLIC; U5SCINSERT REVOKE INSERT /offer OwnerOwner PUBLICPUBLIC GRANT UPDATE(Sno), SELECT GRANT UPDATE(Sno), SELECT Student Student REVOKEREVOKE , , ,. CASCADE|RESTRICT. CASCADE|RESTRICT - galerjim ON TABLE SC FROM U5 CASCADE 。

13、;RESTRICT U5INSERTCASCADEU5SCINSERT U6U6U7CASCADEU5 Grant Revoke 3DBA CREATE USER CREATE USER WITHDBA | RESOURCE | CONNECT DBA CONNECT,. 5 1 2RDBMS RDBMS3 1 2 3 3SQL /offer - galerjim 4RDBMS RDBMS 4 5 Trigger(Event-Condition-Action Rule)ECA 1 CREATE TRIGGER CREATE TRIGGER BEFORE | AFTER ON FOR EACH 。

14、ROW | STATEMENT WHEN CREATE TRIGGER : 1. 2. 3. 4.INSERTDELETEUPDATE AFTER BEFORE INSTEAD OFAFTER 5.FOR EACH ROW FOR EACH STATEMENT 6.()WHEN 7.PL/SQL( Transact-SQL) 8Stored ProcedureSQL BEFORETeacher4000 40004000 CREATE TRIGGER Insert_Or_Update_Sal BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE ON Teacher /*/ FOR EACH ROW 。

15、/*/ AS BEGIN /*PL/SQL*/ IF (new.Job=) AND (new.Sal ON ON ; ( ( - galerjim 2R(U)XYXXX Y, YX 3XYYXYX (Sno,Cno)Grade(Sno,Cno)Sdept Sno SdeptSnoSnoCno 4R(U)XY(YX) ,YXYZZYZX, :YXXYZX :Std(Sno, SnameSdept, Mname) Sno SdeptSdept Mname MnameSno 5KRKUKRCandidate Key K 1K 2.KRK Primary Key Prime attribute : S。

16、(Sno,Sdept,Sage)Sno SCSnoCnoGradeSnoCno RPWAP WA (PWA)All-Key 6R X RXXR Foreign key SCSnoCnoGradeSno SnoSSnoSdeptSageSnoSC 31NF,2NF,3NF,BCNF 11NF RR1NF , S-L-C(Sno, Sdept, Sloc, Cno, Grade) Sloc /offer SnoSno WWA A A)A) K K K Primary KeyPrimary Key GradeGrade A A SageSage - galerjim (Sno, Cno) F Gra。

17、de (Sno, Cno) P Sdept Sno Sdept (Sno, Cno) P Sloc Sdept Sloc S-L-C(Sno, Cno) S-L-C SdeptSloc (Sno, Cno) - /offer - galerjim SdeptSloc S-L-C SCSno CnoGrade S-LSno SdeptSloc 22NFR1NFR2NF S-L-C(Sno, Sdept, Sloc, Cno, Grade) 1NF S-L-C(Sno, Sdept, Sloc, Cno, Grade) 2NF SCSnoCnoGrade2NF S-LSnoSdeptSloc2NF。

18、 1NF2NF1NF 1NF2NF 33NFR XYZZ,XY Y X YZRR 3NFR3NF 3NF S-L(Sno, Sdept, Sloc) 2NF S-L(Sno, Sdept, Sloc) 3NF S-D(SnoSdept) 3NF D-L(SdeptSloc)3NF R3NFR2NF 3NF2NF 2NF 3NF 4BCBCNFR1NFXYYX RR BCNF RBCNF R BCNFR 3NFR3NFR R BCNFR 3NF /offer Sdept Sdept 1NF C(Sno, Sdept, Sloc, Cno, Grade) C(Sno, Sdept, Sloc, C。

19、no, Grade) 2NF SlocSloc R S-L(Sno, Sdept, Sloc) S-L(Sno, Sdept, Sloc) 2NF 2NF 2NF S2NF S 3NF3NF R2NF 1NF1NF Y -L(Sno, Sdept, Sloc) -L(Sno, Sdept, Sloc) D-L(SdeptD-L(Sdept - galerjim SSnoSnameSdeptSageSSnoSname S3NF S BCNF SJPSJPsJ P SJP(JPS SJJP, SJP3NF() SJPBCNF,() 1P205 1 1 2 1 2 3 4 3 1 = 2 = 3 =。

20、 4 = 5 = 2 1 1 2 /offer - galerjim 3 4 3 4 5 6 2E-R E-RP213 3E-R P224 4 1SQL 2 1 1 2 3 4 DBMS DBMS 2 /offer E-RE-R - galerjim 3P283 1 2. 3 1 2 4 P279 5 1DBMSDBMS 1 2 3 4 2 UNDOREDO 1REDO UNDO 2UNDOUNDO UNDO 3REDOREDO REDO 3 1DBA, 2DBA 3DBADBMS /offer - galerjim 6P287 1T 2D 1 / 2 11221 1 2121 3121 122 3 P296 4 5, P299 6 P301 7 P302 /offer 2 2 1 1 2 2 P301 P302 P302。