hadoop单机安装，小白上手最详细教程-Ali0th

Author : Ali0th

Date : 2019-4-6

前言

最近上手大数据，入门一下hadoop，单机部署撸了几天，终于部署起来了，遇到了不少坑。这篇文章把我整个过程码下来了，包括了各个步骤和报错处理。

环境

CentOS release 6.4
openjdk version "1.8.0_201"
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系统服务

关闭 iptables

# 关闭防火墙：
service iptables stop
# 从开机启动项中移除防火墙
chkconfig iptables off
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关闭selinux服务(重启生效)

vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
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hostname 配置

vim /etc/sysconfig/network
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这里默认为 localhost.localdomain

ssh 免密登录

ssh-keygen -t dsa -P '' -f ~/.ssh/id_dsa
cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod 0600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
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测试是否成功，执行下面命令，若不用输入密码则成功。

ssh localhost
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java 安装

使用 yum 安装

# 查看yum包含的jdk版本
yum search java
# 安装jdk
yum install java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel.x86_64 : OpenJDK Development Environment
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查看环境变量

export
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vi /etc/profile
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查看 jvm 目录

ll /usr/lib/jvm/
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输出如下，其中java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.201.b09-2.el6_10.x86_64 为JAVA_HOME目录。

[root@localhost java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.201.b09-2.el6_10.x86_64]# ll /usr/lib/jvm/
total 4
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root   26 Apr  3 15:47 java -> /etc/alternatives/java_sdk
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root   32 Apr  3 15:47 java-1.8.0 -> /etc/alternatives/java_sdk_1.8.0
drwxr-xr-x. 7 root root 4096 Apr  3 15:47 java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.201.b09-2.el6_10.x86_64
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root   48 Apr  3 15:47 java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 -> java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.201.b09-2.el6_10.x86_64
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root   34 Apr  3 15:47 java-openjdk -> /etc/alternatives/java_sdk_openjdk
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root   21 Apr  3 15:47 jre -> /etc/alternatives/jre
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root   27 Apr  3 15:47 jre-1.8.0 -> /etc/alternatives/jre_1.8.0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root   52 Apr  3 15:47 jre-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.201.b09-2.el6_10.x86_64 -> java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.201.b09-2.el6_10.x86_64/jre
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root   52 Apr  3 15:47 jre-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 -> java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.201.b09-2.el6_10.x86_64/jre
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root   29 Apr  3 15:47 jre-openjdk -> /etc/alternatives/jre_openjdk
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配置全局变量:

vim /etc/profile
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添加环境配置如下：

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.201.b09-2.el6_10.x86_64
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/rt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
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全局变量立即生效

source /etc/profile
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hadoop 下载与相关环境配置

创建账户

groupadd hadoop
useradd hadoop -g hadoop
ll -d /home/hadoop
grep hadoop /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /etc/group
passwd hadoop # hadoop123
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以 root 執行 visudo, 將 hadoop 加入 sudoers，在 root ALL=(ALL) ALL 下加入。

hadoop  ALL=(ALL)       ALL
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下载 hadoop 并解压。

wget http://apache.claz.org/hadoop/common/hadoop-3.1.2/hadoop-3.1.2.tar.gz
tar -xzf hadoop-3.1.2.tar.gz
sudo mv hadoop-3.1.2 /usr/local/hadoop
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添加启动项。

vim /etc/profileexport HADOOP_HOME=/usr/local/hadoop
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/sbinsource /etc/profile
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创建数据存储目录：

NameNode 数据存放目录： /usr/local/data/hadoop/name
SecondaryNameNode 数据存放目录： /usr/local/data/hadoop/secondary
DataNode 数据存放目录： /usr/local/data/hadoop/data
临时数据存放目录： /usr/local/data/hadoop/tmp

mkdir -p /usr/local/data/hadoop/name
mkdir -p /usr/local/data/hadoop/secondary
mkdir -p /usr/local/data/hadoop/data
mkdir -p /usr/local/data/hadoop/tmp
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hadoop 配置与启动

配置 hadoop-env.sh、hdfs-site.xml、core-site.xml、mappred-site.xml、yarn-site.xml

进入配置目录：

cd /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/
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hadoop-env.sh

添加JAVA_HOME

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.201.b09-2.el6_10.x86_64
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core-site.xml

<configuration><property><name>fs.defaultFS</name><value>hdfs://localhost.localdomain:9000</value><description>hdfs内部通讯访问地址</description></property><property><name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name><value>/usr/local/hadoop/data/</value><description>hadoop数据存放</description></property>
</configuration>
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hdfs-site.xml

<!--
# replication 副本数量
# 因为是伪分布式 设置为1
# 新版本的 hadoop 块默认大小为128mb
--><configuration><property><name>dfs.replication</name><value>1</value>
</property></configuration>
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mapred-site.xml

# yran 集群
mv mapred-site.xml.template mapred-site.xml
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<configuration><property><name>mapreduce.framework.name</name><value>yarn</value>
</property></configuration>
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yarn-site.xml

arn.resourcemanager.hostname yarn集群的老大

<configuration><property><name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname</name><value>localhost.localdomain</value>
</property><property> <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name> <value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
</property> </configuration>
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dfs 启动

格式化hadoop文件系统

cd /usr/local/hadoop
./bin/hdfs namenode -format
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启动 dfs

./sbin/start-dfs.sh
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使用 jps 查看服务是否已经启动

[hadoop@localhost hadoop]$ jps
6466 NameNode
6932 Jps
6790 SecondaryNameNode
6584 DataNode
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全部启动

./sbin/start-all.sh
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结果截图如下：

报错

问题：

localhost: Permission denied (publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password).

解决：

如果无法使用ssh无密码连接其他节点的主机,那么在启动hadoop的时候会出现的输入其他主机的密码,即使正确输入也无法认证

问题:

localhost: ERROR: Unable to write in /usr/local/hadoop/logs. Aborting.

解决：

sudo chmod 777 -R /usr/local/hadoop/
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问题：

localhost: /usr/local/hadoop/bin/../libexec/hadoop-functions.sh: line 1842: /tmp/hadoop-hadoop-namenode.pid: Permission denied localhost: ERROR: Cannot write namenode pid /tmp/hadoop-hadoop-namenode.pid.

解决：

修改 hadoop-env.sh

export HADOOP_PID_DIR=/usr/local/hadoop/tmp/pid
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问题：

[hadoop@localhost hadoop]$ ./sbin/start-dfs.sh Starting namenodes on [localhost] Starting datanodes Starting secondary namenodes [localhost] 2019-04-06 07:26:22,110 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable

解决：

stackoverflow.com/questions/1…

cd /usr/local/hadoop/lib
ldd libhadoop.so.1.0.0./libhadoop.so.1.0.0: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.14' not found (required by ./libhadoop.so.1.0.0)linux-vdso.so.1 =>  (0x00007fff901ff000)libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f8ceda5d000)libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f8ced83f000)libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00007f8ced4ac000)/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00000031c1e00000)
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# download
wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/glibc/glibc-2.14.tar.bz2
wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/glibc/glibc-linuxthreads-2.5.tar.bz2# 解压
tar -xjvf glibc-2.14.tar.bz2
cd glibc-2.14
tar -xjvf ../glibc-linuxthreads-2.5.tar.bz2
# 加上优化开关，否则会出现错误'#error "glibc cannot be compiled without optimization"'
cd ../
export CFLAGS="-g -O2"glibc-2.14/configure --prefix=/usr --disable-profile --enable-add-ons --with-headers=/usr/include --with-binutils=/usr/bin --disable-sanity-checksmake
sudo make install
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问题:

2019-04-06 13:08:58,376 INFO util.ExitUtil: Exiting with status 1: java.io.IOException: Cannot remove current directory: /usr/local/data/hadoop/tmp/dfs/name/current

解决：

权限问题

sudo chown -R hadoop:hadoop /usr/local/data/hadoop/tmp
sudo chmod -R a+w /usr/local/data/hadoop/tmp
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资料

juejin.im/entry/5a0a8…

blog.51cto.com/xpleaf/2082…

Ubuntu下搭建hadoop出现Permission denied (publickey,password)的问题