apache+tomcat

http版本2.4
1.http+tomcat通信了解：
   http和tomcat通信通过ajp，http，https协议进行通信
   http与tomcat基于mod_jd和mod_proxy实现负载均衡
1.安装http

a.下载：
apache http:http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache//httpd/httpd-2.4.25.tar.gz
arp:http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-1.5.2.tar.gz
arp-util:http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-util-1.5.4.tar.gz
b.编译安装

1.先安装pcre-develyum install pcre-devel2.先安装arp>tar -xzf apr-1.5.2.tar.gz>cd apr-1.5.2>./configure  --prefix=/usr/local/apr>make && make install3.安装arp-util>tar -xzf apr-util-1.5.4.tar.gz>cd apr-util-1.5.4>./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apt-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr>make && make insatll4.安装httpd>tar -xzf httpd-2.4.25.tar.gz>cd httpd-2.4.>./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd24 --enable-so --enable--ssl --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --with-zlib --with-pcre --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util --enable-modeles=most --enable-mpms-shared=all --with-mpm=event --enable-proxy --enable-proxy-http --enable-proxy-ajp --enable-balencer>make && make install5.配置httpd的环境(a).配置httpd服务启动文件vim /etc/init.d/http. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions    if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/httpd ]; then. /etc/sysconfig/httpd    fiHTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG-"C"}INITLOG_ARGS=""apachectl=/usr/sbin/httpd/bin/apachectlhttpd=/usr/local/httpd/bin/httpd}prog=httpdpidfile=${PIDFILE-/var/run/httpd/httpd.pid}lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd}RETVAL=0STOP_TIMEOUT=${STOP_TIMEOUT-10}start() {          echo -n $"Starting $prog: "LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} $httpd $OPTIONSRETVAL=$?         echo[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch ${lockfile}return $RETVAL}    stop() {status -p ${pidfile} $httpd > /dev/null          if [[ $? = 0 ]]; thenecho -n $"Stopping $prog: "killproc -p ${pidfile} -d ${STOP_TIMEOUT} $httpdelseecho -n $"Stopping $prog: "success          fiRETVAL=$?          echo[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f ${lockfile} ${pidfile}}    reload() {     echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "if ! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS -t >&/dev/null; thenRETVAL=6echo $"not reloading due to configuration syntax error"failure $"not reloading $httpd due to configuration syntax error"else# Force LSB behaviour from killprocLSB=1 killproc -p ${pidfile} $httpd -HUPRETVAL=$?          if [ $RETVAL -eq 7 ]; thenfailure $"httpd shutdown"fifiecho}   case "$1" instart)start;;stop)         stop;;status)status -p ${pidfile} $httpdRETVAL=$?;;restart)stopstart;;condrestart|try-restart)         if status -p ${pidfile} $httpd >&/dev/null; thenstopstart         fi;;force-reload|reload)reload;;graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus)         $apachectl $@RETVAL=$?;;*)         echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|condrestart|try-restart|forc    e-reload|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}"RETVAL=2esacexit $RETVAL(b).导出头文件ln -sv /usr/local/httpd/include /usr/include/httpd(c).导出帮助文件vim /etc/man.configMANPATH /usr/local/htppd/man(d).修改环境变量vim /etc/profile.d/httpd        export PATH=/usr/local/httpd/bin:$PATH        123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107

2.基于mod_proxy实现httd+tomcat
   a.基于ajp协议

ProxyVia off        ProxyRequests offProxyPreserveHost off<Proxy *>Require all granted</Proxy>ProxyPass / ajp://192.168.100.34：8009/ProxyPa***everse / ajp://192.168.100.34：8009/<Location />Require all granted</Location>12345678910111234567891011

b.基于http协议

ProxyVia OffProxyRequests OffProxyPass / http://192.168.100.34：8080/ProxyPa***everse / http://192.168.100.34：8080/<Proxy *>Require all granted</Proxy><Location />Require all granted</Location>1234567891012345678910

c.参数详解

ProxyVia {On|Off|Full|Block}:用于控制http首部是否时哟您Via，主要用于多级代理中控制代理请求的流向，Full表示每个请求报文都会添加apache服务器的版本号信息，Block表示每个代理报文中Via都将被清除。
ProxyPreserveHost {On|Off}:启用此功能，代理会将用户请求报文中的Host行发送给后端服务器，而不使用Proxy_pass指定的服务器地址，如果在反向代理中支持虚拟主机，则需要开启此项。
ProxyRequests {On|Off}:是否开启正向代理，如果设置proxy_pass这个必须设置为OffProxyPass path url [key=value key=value..];将后端服务器url和本地某虚拟路径关联起来作为提供服务的；路径，path是当前服务器上的某虚拟路径，如果path以/结尾，这url也必须以/结尾。常用key如下：min：连接池的最小容量，初始化时的容量。max：连接池的最大容量，loadfactor：用于负载均衡集群配置中，定义对应后端服务器的权重retry：apache在后端服务器得到错误响应时，多长时间之后在重试，单位为秒，若一致没有响应，则会移除，重新上线以后会添加进来
ProxyPa***everse：用于让apache调整HTTP重定向响应报文中的Location，Context-Location及URL标签所对应的URL，在反向代理中必须使用此指令，防止重定向报文绕过proxy服务器1234567891012345678910

d.测试


3.基于mod_jk实现http+tomcat
   a.编译安装mod_jk

1.下载：
http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-connectors/jk/tomcat-connectors-1.2.42-src.tar.gz2.安装：    >tar -xzf tomcat-connectors-1.2.42-src.tar.gz    >cd tomcat-connectors-/native/>./configure --with-apxs=/usr/local/http/bin/apxs(如果http是yum安装，请安装httpd-devel，rpm -ql httpd-devel找到apxs路径)    >make && make install12345671234567

b.配置/etc/httpd.d/httpd.conf

1.vim /etc/httpd.d/httpd.conf
LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so  //装载模块JkWorkersFile /etc/httpd/extra/workers.properties   //设置workers文件JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log   //定义日志文件JkLogLevel debug        //日志级别JkMount /* TomcatA      //根下面的所有路径都转发给tomcatAJkMount /status/ stat1      //查看状态页面2.vim /etc/httpd/extra/workers.properties
worker.list=TomcatA,stat1
worker.TomcatA.port=8009worker.TomcatA.host=192.168.100.34worker.TomcatA.type=ajp13
worker.TomcatA.lbfactor=1worker.stat1.type=status        //状态页面12345678910111213141234567891011121314

c.workers.properties详解：

格式
worker.list = worker.name worker.nameworker.worer_name.property =valueproperty:host:tomcat实例所在主机port：所在端口connection_pool_minsize:最少保持在连接池中链接的个数connection_pool_timeout:连接池中链接超时时长retries：错误发生时重试次数socket_timeout:mod_jk等待worker响应时长，默认伪0，无限等待socket_keepalive:是否启动长链接，1表示启用lbfactor：worker的权重type：指定类型，值伪status表示状态信息，ajp13表示当前worker伪运行的一个实例,lb表示使用负载均衡1234567891011121312345678910111213

d.测试结果